雅思閱讀技巧2招搞定生詞
在雅思閱讀中，遇到生詞是很常見的事，然而市面也有很多相對(duì)應(yīng)的技巧。 今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x技巧2招搞定生詞,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。
雅思閱讀技巧2招搞定生詞
一、利用上下文線索猜測(cè)詞義。
1.根據(jù)同義、反義關(guān)系猜詞。
Today's teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking
B. traditional
C. old
D. happy
traditional與liberal意思相反，故選B。
2.根據(jù)句意或段落文章的上、下文猜測(cè)詞義。
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged
B. ashamed
C. tired
D. separated
根據(jù)下文的disliked playing together with them判斷此處應(yīng)為"感到孤立"，故選D。
二、利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。
此法包括利用前、后綴及合成詞猜測(cè)詞義。
1.用前、后綴猜測(cè)詞義。
英語(yǔ)中的前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞頗多，且特定的"綴"往往表示特定的含義，把握住這一點(diǎn)，可起到"以不變應(yīng)萬變"的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前綴over‐加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，over有"超過，過于"之意，overwork意思是"工作過多，勞累過度"。再如，overburden負(fù)擔(dān)過重，overcharge要價(jià)過高，overdo做得過分。
英語(yǔ)中常用的前綴還有：
mis‐錯(cuò)，誤：misfortune不幸;mislead誤導(dǎo);mismanage處理不當(dāng)
mid‐中央：midnight半夜;midway半路
under‐低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti‐反對(duì)：antibody抗體;anticyclone反氣旋;antifreeze防凍劑
下面劃線單詞為常見后綴派生詞：
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(‐ty為名詞的標(biāo)志)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (‐ize為及物動(dòng)詞的標(biāo)志，再如realize, modernize)
2.利用合成詞猜測(cè)詞義。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.根據(jù)短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成及上下文意思看，此處partakes in相當(dāng)于takes part in。再如break out‐outbreak(名詞"爆發(fā)")，set out‐outset(名詞"起始")，come income(名詞"收入")
雅思閱讀中的“絆腳繩”要小心
雅思閱讀“絆腳繩”一：細(xì)節(jié)題考查精確定位。雅思閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題其實(shí)不難，但前提是定位的點(diǎn)要對(duì)。比如下面這個(gè)例題：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
這是一個(gè)典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，在該題題干中，有的考生會(huì)選擇Puget Sound作為關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，因?yàn)樗菍Ｓ忻~，在文中會(huì)比較顯眼;但是如果一旦選擇了這個(gè)地名，勢(shì)必會(huì)定位在該段的第一句話，細(xì)節(jié)題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的，因?yàn)槎ㄎ徊痪_。其實(shí)正確的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)該是white-tailed deer，這個(gè)用連字符連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的，按該詞定位應(yīng)是該段最后一句話。所以根據(jù)它的意思應(yīng)該選D項(xiàng)。其中A項(xiàng)與原句意思不符，B和C都與定位句信息無關(guān)。我們?cè)賮砜戳硗庖粋€(gè)否定事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term "succession" to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes-in plant numbers and the mix of species-are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
這個(gè)題大家都會(huì)選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多問題。首先考生要學(xué)會(huì)跳躍式定位，即根據(jù)文章中特殊的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關(guān)鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號(hào)里面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個(gè)詞我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數(shù)字及破折號(hào)，在500的前方有a climax community，但它是單數(shù)，與題干關(guān)鍵詞不完全匹配，細(xì)節(jié)題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應(yīng)該選擇500后方的Climax communities，即該段的最后一句話。否定事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有一個(gè)沒有提到，這種思路多適用于選項(xiàng)比較簡(jiǎn)短的題目;二是張冠李戴，即根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容表述，只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與之矛盾，這種思路多適應(yīng)于選項(xiàng)比較長(zhǎng)的題目。就這個(gè)例題而言，根據(jù)定位的最后一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關(guān)的只有C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)的意思與原句相符，而C項(xiàng)與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。
綜上所述，做閱讀的細(xì)節(jié)題，最重要的一點(diǎn)就是要盡量地去精確定位。
雅思閱讀“絆腳繩”二： 無方向中隱藏方向。閱讀考試中絕大部分題目都是對(duì)應(yīng)具體段落的，這會(huì)為考生節(jié)省很多時(shí)間。但是也不排除有少量題目的范圍比較大或比較模糊，考生在尋找答案時(shí)難免一頭霧水，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。其實(shí)這些看似沒有明確定位方向的題目都是暗藏玄機(jī)的。下面我們就來看一個(gè)例子：
Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world's cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.
Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.
Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.
這個(gè)題目的題干涉及到三個(gè)段落，而事實(shí)上考生根本不需要去看第一段的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)榇鸢敢罁?jù)的是第三、四段的信息，但是這兩個(gè)段落如果都看的話內(nèi)容也不少，從應(yīng)試的角度來說太費(fèi)時(shí)間。正確的做法應(yīng)該是從選項(xiàng)中挖掘一下方向。A項(xiàng)里大家一般都會(huì)選擇有連字符的coal-fired作為關(guān)鍵詞去定位，B項(xiàng)沒有比較顯眼的詞就只能選名詞短語(yǔ)remote areas，C項(xiàng)選1 percent， D項(xiàng)選the United States。選完關(guān)鍵詞我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)除了B項(xiàng)不大好定位以外，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞都很醒目。經(jīng)過定位，A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該去比對(duì)第3段的第一句話，意思明顯矛盾;B項(xiàng)不好找，可以暫且跳過;C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞在這兩段都找不到，這就屬于閱讀中推理題的錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)計(jì)方法之一——無中生有。所以雖然我們沒有去驗(yàn)證B項(xiàng)的說法是否正確，但經(jīng)過排除也只能選B了。這樣的做題方法就會(huì)省時(shí)省力，且答案也是正確的。在考試中，這種情況往往會(huì)影響考生的心情，進(jìn)而影響水平的發(fā)揮，但是只要我們了解了BC出題的套路就能把它們輕松搞定。
考場(chǎng)如戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，只有知己知彼方能百戰(zhàn)百勝。了解了BC在設(shè)計(jì)題目時(shí)所使用的“絆腳繩”，我們就可以很好地做到事半功倍。
雅思閱讀文章都出自哪些報(bào)刊
分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，雅思閱讀考試A類文章大多選自國(guó)外人文類、經(jīng)濟(jì)類和科學(xué)類的知名報(bào)紙、雜志或政府各部門(UK及世界各國(guó)) 的社會(huì)發(fā)展報(bào)告。如：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雜志Economist，金融時(shí)報(bào)(Financial Times), 衛(wèi)報(bào)(Guardian) ,美國(guó)國(guó)家地理雜志(National Geographic), New Scientist, Science, Popular Science 和 Nature等。
G類文章從09年5月份開始，考察的內(nèi)容導(dǎo)向有所變化，從原來的以“培訓(xùn)”為導(dǎo)向逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐浴肮ぷ鳌睘閷?dǎo)向。這一背景材料的轉(zhuǎn)變值得引起考生的關(guān)注。以下是摘錄自雅思考試官方網(wǎng)站的相關(guān)內(nèi)容：
‘From 1 May 2009, we are making a small but important change to the General Training Reading paper.
Currently, Section 2 of the General Training Reading paper focuses on the training context. From 1 May 2009, this section will focus on the work context (e.g. applying for jobs, company policies, pay and conditions, workplace facilities, staff development etc).
The General Training module is increasingly recognised by employers, professional bodies and immigration authorities. This change will ensure that the module will more closely meet the needs of candidates who take IELTS for employment or immigration purposes.
The other sections of the General Training Reading paper will remain unchanged.’
在了解了以上閱讀考試的題源出處之后，考生平時(shí)進(jìn)行泛讀的時(shí)候，可以多選擇上面提到的報(bào)刊雜志的內(nèi)容作為材料。這樣可以在幫助考生擴(kuò)大相關(guān)背景知識(shí)的同時(shí)，使得考生能夠了解雅思閱讀文章的行文風(fēng)格和常見結(jié)構(gòu)。
G類的考生在平常準(zhǔn)備考試的過程中一定要重視這個(gè)自09年5月1日起開始的 ‘small but important’的變化。重點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充一些工作類型的文章，例如申請(qǐng)工作、公司政策、工作環(huán)境等等。并且有條件的話，多做一些關(guān)于商務(wù)英語(yǔ)和職場(chǎng)英語(yǔ)方面的訓(xùn)練。
當(dāng)然，這里老師要向考生說明的是，如一些考試文章在上述網(wǎng)站上搜索起來有困難，考生可以在維京百科上搜索相關(guān)的詞條內(nèi)容。拿澳洲考拉舉個(gè)例子，這是我們雅思考試中考過的有關(guān)澳洲的較有特色的動(dòng)物。很多考生對(duì)于這個(gè)名字不陌生，但是具體細(xì)節(jié)談?wù)撈饋?，相關(guān)的知識(shí)就比較匱乏了。那么現(xiàn)在只要在搜索框內(nèi)輸入‘Koala’則會(huì)出現(xiàn)很多相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，以下僅為部分摘錄，
The koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula. Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. The koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia.
通過此段，考生可以大致了解考拉的分布主要在澳洲東部及南部沿海地區(qū)，從阿德萊德到約克角半島南部。而在塔斯馬尼亞及西澳地區(qū)則沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)考拉。
A baby koala is referred to as a joey and is hairless, blind, and earless. At birth the joey, only a quarter of an inch long, crawls into the downward-facing pouch on the mother's belly (which is closed by a drawstring-like muscle that the mother can tighten at will) and attaches itself to one of the two teats.
這一段主要介紹考拉寶寶的主要情況，出生時(shí)候只有四分之一英寸長(zhǎng)，生活在媽媽的育兒袋里。
The koala lives almost entirely on eucalypt leaves. This is likely to be an evolutionary adaptation that takes advantage of an otherwise unfilled ecological niche, since eucalypt leaves are low in protein, high in indigestible substances, and contain phenolic and terpene compounds that are toxic to most species. Like wombats and sloths, the koala has a very low metabolic rate for a mammal and rests motionless for about 16 to 18 hours a day, sleeping most of that time.
本段講到考拉的飲食幾乎完全依賴桉樹葉生存，并且考拉的新陳代謝非常慢，一天可以16-18個(gè)小時(shí)不動(dòng)。
建議考生在搜索的時(shí)候選用英文，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)背景知識(shí)的時(shí)候，不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)于相關(guān)這一主題的詞匯量。這樣在考試當(dāng)中遇見相關(guān)背景的文章的時(shí)候不至于出現(xiàn)因生詞過多造成理解誤差的情況，同時(shí)也可以在考試當(dāng)中節(jié)省閱讀時(shí)間，保證閱讀速度。
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