研究稱埃及人3500年前開始魚類養(yǎng)殖

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研究稱埃及人3500年前開始魚類養(yǎng)殖

Egyptians practised fish farming more than 3,500 years ago, the earliest evidence of such activity worldwide according to a study released last Tuesday.

據(jù)上周二發(fā)表的一項研究稱，埃及人早在3500多年前就開始魚類養(yǎng)殖了，是全世界進(jìn)行這類活動的最早跡象。

Scientists studied 100 fish teeth found at archaeological sites across modern-day Israel to conclude they had been plucked from a lagoon in Egypt's Sinai thousands of years ago.

科學(xué)家們對在現(xiàn)代以色列多個考古地點發(fā)現(xiàn)的100顆魚類牙齒進(jìn)行了研究，推斷這些魚是幾千年前從埃及西奈半島的一個瀉湖里撈上來的。

"The sample of teeth covered a chronological period extending over 10,000 years, from the early Neolithic period through to the early Islamic period," said a statement from Israel's Haifa University, one of the participants in the study.

參與這一研究的以色列海法大學(xué)，日前發(fā)表一則聲明稱：“這些牙齒樣本的年代范圍長達(dá)1萬多年，從新石器時代早期一直到伊斯蘭時代早期?！?/p>

Of those samples, some were from about 3,500 years ago.

其中一些樣本甚至有約3500年的歷史。

Farmers at the time found a lagoon which fish were entering and barricaded it for a few months, Guy Bar-Oz, one of the authors of the report and archaeology professor at the University of Haifa.

該研究報告作者之一、海法大學(xué)考古學(xué)教授蓋伊·巴爾·奧茲稱，當(dāng)時的農(nóng)民發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個瀉湖，魚游進(jìn)去后在里面被困了幾個月。

Afterwards "you can easily harvest them," the academic explained of a method still used in the same Sinai lagoon.

然后“就能很容易地捕獲它們了”，這位學(xué)者解釋了在西奈瀉湖仍在沿用的這種方法。

The Haifa academics worked alongside those from German universities in Mainz and Gottingen to deduce their findings from the teeth of gilthead sea bream.

海法大學(xué)的學(xué)者與來自德國美因茨和格丁根的大學(xué)的學(xué)者共同進(jìn)行了這一研究，他們從金頭鯛的牙齒推斷出了結(jié)論。

Through studying the different types of oxygen isotopes in the teeth, scientists deduced that they were "spending at least four months in the closed lagoon".

通過研究牙齒中不同類型的氧同位素，科學(xué)家們推斷出，這些魚“在封閉的瀉湖里至少待了4個月”。

The majority of the fish found by the researchers came from aquaculture and not local fishing.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)魚都來自水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖而不是從當(dāng)?shù)蒯炆蟻淼摹?/p>

Irit Zohar, from the University of Haifa and co-author of the study, said the size of fish standardised around 3,500 years ago and those imported from Egypt were all "the size of a plate".

研究報告作者之一、海法大學(xué)的伊里特·措哈爾稱，在3500年前，魚的大小就已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化了，那些從埃及進(jìn)口的魚都是“盤子大小”。

"Exactly what we observe of the fish bred in modern aquaculture," she said.

她說：“和我們在現(xiàn)代水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖中看到的魚一樣?！?/p>

Scientists believe fish farming was practised in China 4,000 years ago, although Bar-Oz said no evidence has yet been produced to prove the theory.

科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，中國早在4000年前就開始水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖了，不過巴爾·奧茲稱目前尚沒有證據(jù)證實這一理論。

霍金遺作發(fā)售 擔(dān)憂出現(xiàn)基因改造'超人'

Stephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans, it has been revealed.

據(jù)披露，斯蒂芬·霍金的最后擔(dān)憂是：DNA操控將催生一個由超級人類構(gòu)成的優(yōu)等種族。

The physicist, who died in March aged 76, thought the development could destroy the rest of humanity.

這位于今年3月逝世、享年76歲的物理學(xué)家，認(rèn)為這種發(fā)展可能毀滅其余人類。

His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called "Brief Answers to Big Questions".

新出版的霍金文集《重大問題簡答》一書披露了他的最后預(yù)言。

He feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children's DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity.

霍金擔(dān)心，富人在不久之后將能夠編輯其子女的DNA，提高記憶力和疾病免疫力等特性。

And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to outlaw the practice.

他表示，即使政治家試圖用法律禁止這種做法，這也將對世界其余人群構(gòu)成危機(jī)。

In an extract published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: "I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression."

在《星期日泰晤士報》發(fā)表的一篇摘錄中，他寫道：“我確信在本世紀(jì)人們將會發(fā)現(xiàn)如何修正智力和本能，比如攻擊性?！?/p>

"Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life."

“反對人類基因工程的法律可能會通過。但有些人無法抗拒改善人類特征的誘惑，比如記憶力大小、抗病性和壽命長短?！?/p>

大英博物館自辯不是每件藏品都是搶來的

The British Museum is launching an initiative intended to counter the perception that its collections derive only from looted treasures.

大英博物館日前發(fā)起了一項活動，試圖反駁“其藏品都是來自掠奪的寶物的”這一觀點。

The museum has long faced criticism for displaying -- and refusing to return -- looted treasures, including the Parthenon Marbles, Rosetta Stone, and the Gweagal shield.

長期以來，該博物館一直因展出--并拒絕歸還--被掠奪的藏品而飽受外界批評，這些寶物包括帕特農(nóng)神廟的大理石雕像、羅塞塔石碑和格威格爾盾牌。

Earlier this year, the art historian Alice Procter's Uncomfortable Art Tours around London institutions, including the British Museum, made headlines for their attempts to expose the role of colonialism.

今年年初，藝術(shù)史學(xué)者埃利斯·普羅克特在倫敦各大公共機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦了“不安藝術(shù)巡回展”，其中就有大英博物館。該巡回展因力圖揭露殖民主義淵源而登上頭條。

Dr Sushma Jansari, the curator of the Asian ethnographic and South Asia collections at the British Museum, said she had devised Collected Histories in response to Procter's tours.

大英博物館亞洲人種志和南亞藏品策展人蘇什瑪·香薩利稱，她策劃的“收集歷史”講座活動，正是要回應(yīng)普羅克特的巡回展。

"There are a lot of partial histories and they tend to focus on the colonial aspect of the collecting so you have a bunch of people who tend to be quite angry and upset," she said.

她表示：“有人傾向于關(guān)注藏品收集的殖民時期背景，這樣的歷史是‘部分的’，因此會有一群非常憤怒和感到不安的人?！?/p>

"We're trying to reset the balance a little bit. A lot of our collections are not from a colonial context; not everything here was acquired by Europeans by looting."

“我們試圖平衡這一觀點。很多藏品不是來自殖民背景，并非一切都是歐洲人通過搶劫獲得的。”

Jansari said there was a misguided impression that the British Museum did not know -- or care -- about how artefacts entered its collections, whereas a lot of people were actually researching the provenance of items.

香薩利表示，之前存在著一種誤解，即大英博物館不知道或是不關(guān)心文物是怎么來的。但實際上有很多人在研究藏品的出處。