美國College,University,Institute的區(qū)別

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美國College,University,Institute的區(qū)別

美國早期的高等教育學(xué)校沿襲英國而稱為College，19世紀后期，私立的College開設(shè)研究所后多改名為University，每州也將其首要之州立大學(xué)由Institute﹑Seminary﹑College或類似之名改為University。另早期許多科學(xué)、工程和理工的專門學(xué)校都稱為Institute，有些后來也改名為University，但少數(shù)學(xué)校仍以Institute為名，如：麻省理工學(xué)院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)和加州理工學(xué)院(California Institute of Technology)。

現(xiàn)在College與University的意義如下：

UNIVERSITY通常是指一所設(shè)有文理科及專業(yè)課程的大學(xué)，且有至少一種領(lǐng)域的研究所，和至少一種的學(xué)士學(xué)位后的專業(yè)課程(如：醫(yī)學(xué)、牙醫(yī)或法律)。但也有少數(shù)例外情行，而有些私立文理學(xué)院只有大學(xué)部但也稱為University。

COLLEGE則有幾個意義：

所有高等教育學(xué)校的通稱。

只有大學(xué)部的大學(xué)：然而也有學(xué)校具University之條件卻名為College的學(xué)校，如：Dartmouth College in New Hampshire，有碩士、博士和醫(yī)學(xué)博士之學(xué)位，而且又是美國最好的四年制大學(xué)之一。 屬于University的學(xué)院。

二年制大學(xué)：有的稱為junior college，有的稱為community college，也有的就叫college，還有幾個是technical college。

美國的圣誕節(jié)習(xí)俗與圣誕音樂

Millions of Americans will celebrate Christmas on December twenty-fifth. It is the most widely celebrated religious holiday in the United States.

People buy gifts to give to family members and friends. They fill homes and stores with evergreen1 trees and bright, colored lights. They go to parties and prepare special Christmas food. Many people think Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year.

Many Christians go to church the night before the holiday or on Christmas Day. They celebrate Christmas as the birthday of Jesus Christ. Christian2 ministers3 speak about the need for peace and understanding in the world. This is the spiritual4 message of Christmas. Church services include traditional religious songs for the holiday. One of the most popular is "Silent Night."

Many other Americans celebrate Christmas as an important, but non-religious holiday. To all, however, it is a special day of family, food, and exchanging gifts.

Christmas is probably the most special day of the year for children. One thing that makes it special is the popular tradition of Santa Claus5.

Young children believe that Santa Claus is a fat, kind, old man in a red suit with white fur. They believe that-on the night before Christmas-he travels through the air in a sleigh6 pulled by reindeer7. He enters each house from the top by sliding down the hole in the fireplace8. He leaves gifts for the children under the Christmas tree.

Americans spend a lot of time and money buying Christmas presents. The average American family spends about 800 dollars. Stores and shopping centers are crowded at this time of year. More than 20% of goods sold during the year are sold during the weeks before Christmas. This is good for stores and for the American economy.

Some people object to spending all this money. They say it is not the real meaning of Christmas. So, they celebrate in other ways. For example, they make Christmas presents, instead of buying them. Or they volunteer to help serve meals to people who have no homes. Or they give money to organizations that help poor people in the United States and around the world.

Home and family are the center of the Christmas holiday. For many people, the most enjoyable tradition is buying a Christmas tree and decorating9 it with lights and beautiful objects. On Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, people gather around the tree to open their presents.

Another important Christmas tradition involves food. Families prepare many kinds of holiday foods, especially sweets. They eat these foods on the night before Christmas and on Christmas day.

For many people, Christmas means traveling long distances to be with their families. Another Christmas tradition is to go "caroling10."A group of people walk along the street. At each house, they stop and sing a Christmas song, called carol. Student groups also sing carols at schools and shopping centers.

Not everyone in the United States celebrates Christmas. Members of the Jewish11 and Muslim12 religions, for example, generally do not. Yet many Americans do take part in some of the traditional performances of the season. One of the most popular is a story told in dance: "The Nutcracker13" ballet14. The music was written by Russian composer15 Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky in 1891.

The ballet is about a young girl named Clara. Clara is celebrating Christmas with her family and friends. One of her Christmas presents is a little device16 to open nuts-a nutcracker. It is shaped like a toy soldier. She dreams that the nutcracker comes to life as a good-looking prince.

Professional17 dance groups in many American cities perform the ballet at this time of year. They often use students from local ballet schools to dance the part of Clara and the other children in the story. This gives parents a chance to see their children perform.

美國最新流行口語26句

美國最新流行口語26句

1. After you.你先請。這是一句很常用的客套話，在進/出門,上車得場合你都可以表現(xiàn)一下。 (好象現(xiàn)在女士不愿意你這么做，特別是那些女權(quán)主義者，我還記得這么一段話：一個女士對一個讓她先行的男士說：you do this because i am a woman?那個男士回答說：i do this not because you are a woman but because i am a man! i love this guy!

2. I just couldn't help it.我就是忍不住。想想看，這樣一個漂亮的句子可用于多少個場合?下面是隨意舉的一個例子： I was deeply moved太棒的句子了，我愛死它了。

3. Don't take it to heart. 別往心里去，別為此而憂慮傷神。生活實例： This test isn't that important. Don't take it to heart. 安慰人的超級句子。

4. We'd better be off.我們該走了。It's getting late. We'd better be off.

5. Let's face it. 面對現(xiàn)實吧。常表明說話人不愿意逃避困難的現(xiàn)狀。參考例句：I know it's a difficult situation. Let's face it, OK? 很棒啊，年輕人犯錯誤，上帝都會原諒，remember?但是犯了錯誤，你必須面對他，let's face it,或者是：let's face the music.

6. Let's get started.咱們開始干吧。勸導(dǎo)別人時說：Don't just talk. Let's get started.

let's get started.

let's start.

let's do it right now.

let's hit sth.

let's rock & roll.

let's put our hands on sth.

7. I'm really dead.我真要累死了。坦誠自己的感受時說：After all that work, I’m really dead.

8. I've done my best.我已盡力了。

這句話，很有用，失敗有時難免，但是你要是可以說，i've done my best. or i spare no efforts.就不必遺憾，畢竟，man supposes, god disposes.

9. Is that so?真是那樣嗎?常用在一個人聽了一件事后表示驚訝、懷疑。

10. Don't play games with me!別跟我耍花招!

11. I don't know for sure.我不確切知道。

Stranger： Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?

Tom: I don't know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.

12. I'm not going to kid you.我不是跟你開玩笑的。

Karin： You quit the job? You are kidding.

Jack: I'm not going to kid you. I'm serious.

13. That's something. 太好了，太棒了。

A: I'm granted a full scholarship for this semester.

B: Congratulations. That's something.

by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn't help it.

14. Brilliant idea!這主意真棒!這主意真高明!

15. Do you really mean it? 此話當(dāng)真?

Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me.

David: Do you really mean it?

16. You are a great help.你幫了大忙

17. I couldn't be more sure. 我再也肯定不過。

18. I am behind you.我支持你。

A: Whatever decision you're going to make, I am behind you.

19. I'm broke.我身無分文。

i am penniless.

20. Mind you!請注意!聽著!(也可僅用Mind。)

模范例句：Mind you! He's a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.

21. You can count on it.你盡管相信好了，盡管放心。

A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party?

B: You can count on it.

22. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜歡這東西。當(dāng)朋友或同事不小心摔壞你的東西時就可以用上這句話給他一個臺階，打破尷尬局面：Oh, don't worry. I'm thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.

23. That depends.看情況再說。 (on sth)

例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.

24. Congratulations.恭喜你，祝賀你。

25. Thanks anyway.無論如何我還是得謝謝你。當(dāng)別人盡力要幫助你卻沒幫成時，你就可以用這個短語表示謝意。

26. It's a deal.一言為定

Harry： Haven't seen you for ages. Let's have a get-together next week.

Jenny: It's a deal

電影里經(jīng)常聽到，it's a deal, that is a good deal.或是兩個人打算達成某個協(xié)議或是做成某個生意會說：deal? deal!