高分考生GRE閱讀筆記
高分考生GRE閱讀筆記 5大精華備考要點匯總講解,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
高分考生GRE閱讀筆記 5大精華備考要點匯總講解
GRE閱讀筆記整理：閱讀整體原則
1. 先讀文章后做題，閱讀速度一定要快，勇敢的省略。記?。嚎搭}時間要比看文時間長;
2. 兩遍法，第一遍通讀，重點看文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、focus、作者態(tài)度,第二遍在解題時定位閱讀;
3. 解任何題目時都要回到原文中定位，嚴(yán)格把握文字對應(yīng)法，每個正確答案都必須找到依據(jù)，絕對不可憑記憶或知識背景做題;
4. 不要精讀，不必了解文章的意思，速度一定要快，一定要作筆記，時間不夠看首段和各段首句;
5. 每天都練《楊鵬100難句》。
GRE閱讀筆記整理：閱讀文章重點
1. 重在結(jié)構(gòu),關(guān)注focus,關(guān)注作者對focus的態(tài)度、評價,缺陷及需要改進的地方;
2. 重點讀首段和各段首句,注意起承轉(zhuǎn)合,看不懂的繼續(xù)往下看,只關(guān)心是順接還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;
GRE閱讀筆記整理：哪些地方需要作標(biāo)記
做閱讀的時候要有隨手做標(biāo)記的習(xí)慣，尤其是對于一些比較明顯會成為出題點的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，比如新觀點、TS、判斷句、虛擬語氣、強對比、強轉(zhuǎn)折、最高級、唯一性、比較級、列舉,大寫名詞、時間,地點,人名等,看到就可以標(biāo)記一下，記住位置即可，之后如果在題目中碰到可以迅速的回來找到原文進行解答。
GRE閱讀筆記整理：閱讀提速技巧
由于GRE閱讀文章內(nèi)容較多，所以閱讀提速非常重要，關(guān)鍵就是個“快”字。能不讀則不讀，能少讀則少讀，對于長文章一定要只看框架，大膽的略讀粗讀，做筆記,讀題,精確定位。
GRE閱讀筆記整理：需要特別注意的內(nèi)容
1. 強對比、強轉(zhuǎn)折、雙重否定
2. 比較級、最高級、唯一性、“所有”, only, in particular
3. 大寫名詞、斜體字做好標(biāo)記
4. 有關(guān)時間的句子,弄清楚前后關(guān)系
5. 反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,弄清其含義
6. 虛擬、讓步語氣
7. 轉(zhuǎn)折、比較弄清比較雙方是誰
8. 文章脈絡(luò),作者的觀點和傾向,評價最重要
以上就是關(guān)于GRE閱讀筆記整理的一些心得和經(jīng)驗分享，希望大家也能通過這些內(nèi)容總結(jié)出自己的閱讀筆記，祝大家都能在GRE考試中取得優(yōu)異成績。
GRE閱讀題目解析:全新世晚期
P42
Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human-and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate. For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland. Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development. Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.
B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.
C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.
E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding environmental changes 4,000 years ago?
A. No localized increases in grass pollen were caused by agricultural development.
B. Increases in grass pollen were at least sometimes a reflection of an increase in aridity.
C. Wholesale ecosystem changes probably resulted from agricultural development.
D. Any small-scale changes occurring then would not be detectable now.
E. Environmental change helped induce the adoption of agricultural technologies.
1
Human impacts on the natural environment during the later part of the Holocene (beginning about 4,000 years ago) complicate investigations into environmental change during that period because the signals produced by human- and climate-induced change are sometimes difficult to separate.
全新世晚期(開始于約 4000 年前)人類對自然環(huán)境的影響，讓關(guān)于當(dāng)時環(huán)境改變的研究變得復(fù)雜，因為人類引起的改變和氣候引起的改變，有時難以區(qū)分。
(
全新世 [Holocene epoch]
舊稱最新世(Recent epoch)
地球地質(zhì)史的最后階段，時間從10,000年前到現(xiàn)在。是構(gòu)成第四紀(jì)的兩個世中年代較晚的一個，在更新世最后一個冰期之后，特點是氣候條件比較溫暖。這時期，人類技術(shù)有所精進，逐漸導(dǎo)向現(xiàn)代文明水平。
(大英袖珍百科)
)
2
For example, in the later Holocene, one indicator of increased aridity due to climate change is an increase in pollen from grasses, as forest vegetation gives way to grassland.
例如，全新世晚期，因氣候改變而導(dǎo)致干旱加劇的一種指標(biāo)，是禾本植物的劃分增多，因為 森林植被 被草原取代。
3
Such a change in vegetation could alternatively be attributed to human impact in the form of agricultural development.
這樣一種植被的改變，也可以被另外地解釋為人類農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展的后果。
4
Examples of such human impact from 4,000 years ago would be small-scale, however, since the broad ecosystem changes brought about by the widespread adoption of agricultural technologies occurred later.
4000 年前，這類人類影響的例子可能是小規(guī)模的，然而，因農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的廣泛傳播而產(chǎn)生的大范圍生態(tài)系統(tǒng)改變，隨后就發(fā)生了。
(現(xiàn)在來看，since 句是個病句，要么把 since 劃掉，否則只能認(rèn)為材料截取原文時漏掉了一些內(nèi)容，使 since 作為一個連詞，引導(dǎo)了一個無意義的分句)
1. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted sentence in the context of the passage as a whole?
A. It provides an example of the kind of problems that often complicate investigations into environmental change.
B. It call into question the reliability of the established dates for later Holocene agricultural development.
C. It describes the nature of localized agricultural developments during the later Holocene.
D. It outlines a hypothesis that draws on evidence discussed earlier in the passage.
E. It limits the scope of a particular complication mentioned earlier in the passage.
選 E
理一下文章邏輯：
全新世后期，約 4000 年前開始，人們在研究環(huán)境改變的課題時，遇到了問題，環(huán)境改變可能是因為人類的原因，也可能是因為氣候的原因，二者難以區(qū)分，或算出明確的比例。比如禾本植物的花粉增多，意味著干旱，但科學(xué)家們無法確認(rèn)，是因為氣候干旱，樹枯死了草開始生長，還是人類的農(nóng)業(yè)活動伐木墾田導(dǎo)致的。所謂 complication 指的就是這種說不清。
高亮句說，開始人類活動是小規(guī)模的，后來蔓延開來?？梢哉J(rèn)為是限定了 complication 程度，小規(guī)模意味著比較容易分辨，還勉強說得清，考察其他沒有人類影響的地區(qū)就好，但后來人類活動范圍變大了，就說不清了。
所以選 E。
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true regarding environmental changes 4,000 years ago?
A. No localized increases in grass pollen were caused by agricultural development.
B. Increases in grass pollen were at least sometimes a reflection of an increase in aridity.
C. Wholesale ecosystem changes probably resulted from agricultural development.
D. Any small-scale changes occurring then would not be detectable now.
E. Environmental change helped induce the adoption of agricultural technologies.
選 B
至少有時禾本植物花粉變多反映了干旱加劇。
A 錯。如果跟農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展一點關(guān)系都沒有，根本不可能 difficult to seprate 。
C 錯。也可能有氣候因素。
D 錯。未知信息。
E 錯。因果關(guān)系說反了，是農(nóng)業(yè)推廣加速了環(huán)境改變，人種地不會意識到最近一千年越來越干旱了，終于適合種地了，古人不可能有這種意識。
GRE閱讀題目解析:螞蟻用真菌創(chuàng)造菜園
P39
Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow. Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi. But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants. Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals. It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.
1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?
A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.
B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.
C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.
D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.
E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.
2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means
A. influence
B. oversee
C. coerce
D. deceive
E. outmaneuver
P39
1
Some attine ants carry vegetation into their nests and add fungal material, thereby creating “gardens” in which fungal food for the ants grow.
一些 A 蟻把植物帶回巢穴，再加入真菌材料，于是創(chuàng)造出一個生產(chǎn)真菌的 “ 菜園 ” 供養(yǎng)蟻群。
(attine ants 沒查到比較準(zhǔn)確的譯法，也許可以譯作 “ 真菌培育蟻 ”，也許指的就是 “ 切葉蟻 ”，待定。)
2
Because the ants play the behaviorally active role, it seems compelling to say that they cultivate and control the passive fungi.
因為蟻的是這一行為的主動方，說它們種植和控制被動的真菌似乎比較有說服力。
3
But even if that is true, the symbiotic association has existed for so long that cultivar traits may have evolved in the fungi that benefit the fungi but not necessarily the ants.
但即便這是真的，這種共生關(guān)系也存在了如此久，以至于被栽種的真菌可能已經(jīng)進化出一些對自己有利，對蟻未必有利的遺傳特征。
(cultivar 栽種品種
trait 遺傳特征)
4
Furthermore, many microorganisms have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate the physiology and behavior of their symbiotic animals.
此外，許多微生物都發(fā)展出復(fù)雜的機制，操縱與之共生的動物的生理機能和行為。
5
It is not implausible, therefore, that the ants’ fungi have evolved chemical and physiological schemes that alter ant behavior to serve the fungus’ reproductive interests, possibly even compromising the reproductive interests for the ant hosts.
因此，有可能蟻栽種的真菌，已經(jīng)進化出化學(xué)和生理策略，改變蟻的行為，為真菌的生殖利益服務(wù)，甚至可能危害到了宿主蟻的生殖利益。
1. The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?
A. The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship.
B. The ants purposefully carry vegetation into their nests for their own consumption.
C. Fungus is physiologically a passive substance.
D. Other organisms are able to manipulate their symbiotic partners.
E. The chemical and physiological properties of the fungus are subject to ant influence.
選 A
文章開始提出了一種現(xiàn)象，螞蟻和蘑菇共生。
關(guān)于這一現(xiàn)象，有兩種解釋，一種是螞蟻種蘑菇;一種是蘑菇控制螞蟻。
題目問我們第一種解釋的根據(jù)，定位句 2，Because the ants play the behaviorally active role，選 A 。
2. In the context in which it appears, the word “manipulate” most nearly means
A. influence
B. oversee
C. coerce
D. deceive
E. outmaneuver
選 A
influence 影響，支配
oversee 監(jiān)督，監(jiān)視
coerce 強制，逼迫
deceive 欺騙，誤導(dǎo)
outmaneuver 以計謀、智力取勝(對手)
GRE閱讀題目解析:云對地球暖化效應(yīng)的作用
P40
As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe. Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase. On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.
That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.
1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. confirming a theory
B. supporting a statement
C. presenting new information
D. predicting future discoveries
E. comparing points of view
2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was that
A. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climate
B. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climate
C. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climate
D. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provide
E. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models
3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?
A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?
B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?
C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?
D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus clouds?
E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?
P40
1
As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe.
1980 年代末，無論氣象理論學(xué)家還是大規(guī)模計算機氣象模型都無法精確預(yù)測，云對地球暖化效應(yīng)發(fā)揮積極或消極作用。
2
Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase.
有些研究認(rèn)為，海上的層積云增加 4%，可以抵消大氣中二氧化碳翻倍的影響，進而阻止全球氣溫上升帶來的潛在危害。
3
On the other hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.
另一方面，卷云變多則可能加劇暖化。
4
That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such models.
十四種模型算法顯示，云是氣象模型中呈現(xiàn)得最不成功的因素。
5
Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included.
假如把現(xiàn)在的大氣二氧化碳水平加倍，比較預(yù)報結(jié)果，研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果不考慮云的因素，各種模型預(yù)報結(jié)果相當(dāng)接近。
6
But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced.
但如果考慮云，預(yù)報結(jié)果就變得大相徑庭。
7
With such discrepancies plaguing the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.
這種差異困擾著模擬結(jié)果，科學(xué)家們無法輕易預(yù)測世界氣候變化的速度，也不知道那些地區(qū)面臨更嚴(yán)重的干旱或更致命的雨季。
1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with
A. confirming a theory
B. supporting a statement
C. presenting new information
D. predicting future discoveries
E. comparing points of view
選 B
statement 即句 1 內(nèi)容，科學(xué)家和大型計算機都搞不定云在氣候中發(fā)揮的作用。
2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was that
A. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climate
B. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climate
C. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climate
D. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provide
E. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models
選 C
綜合句 5 - 6：
Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated, a wide range of forecasts was produced.
不考慮云的因素，預(yù)測結(jié)果差不多 agreed quite well，加入云的因素，預(yù)測結(jié)果變得 wide range 。所以我們可以 infer，問題出在云。
3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?
A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?
B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?
C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?
D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus clouds?
E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?
選 A
題干中出現(xiàn)了 in / of / from / about the passage，答案都在文章里找。
文中出現(xiàn)了兩種云。
stratocumulus clouds(句 2)，抵消二氧化碳，阻止變暖;
cirrus clouds(句 3)加劇變暖。
想知道云對氣候的影響，要先搞清楚會產(chǎn)生哪種云(或比例多少)，才能進一步估計它們發(fā)揮的作用。
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高分考生GRE閱讀筆記
