GRE閱讀應(yīng)對長篇文章要從了解結(jié)構(gòu)入手

GRE閱讀應(yīng)對長篇文章要從了解結(jié)構(gòu)入手,我們一起來學(xué)習一下吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀應(yīng)對長篇文章要從了解結(jié)構(gòu)入手

GRE閱讀文章5大常見結(jié)構(gòu)之現(xiàn)象解釋型

考點：顧名思義是對某種自然或社會現(xiàn)象進行分析解釋。這類文章在一開始就會描述一種“奇怪”的現(xiàn)象，說它奇怪是因為這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的頻率比較低或者在日常生活中不容易見到，又或者是容易被我們忽略的一些現(xiàn)象。文章的展開也是圍繞這一現(xiàn)象進行，首先是對這一現(xiàn)象的描述，然后介紹其產(chǎn)生的原因及所造成的影響，從而間接地表達作者的態(tài)度或評價。

應(yīng)對方法：對于這類文章，考生不僅要對描述的現(xiàn)象有所了解，知道其具體在講什么，更重的是對該現(xiàn)象的成因解釋要理解透徹，明確產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的真正原因才能在作答時快速準確的從文中找到依據(jù)。建議大家在平時的練習中養(yǎng)成剖析文章結(jié)構(gòu)的習慣，這樣不僅可以大大提高做題的效率，還能舉一反三，考生只要稍作歸納，就可以迅速解題，做到事半功倍。

GRE閱讀文章5大常見結(jié)構(gòu)之觀點比較型

考點：觀點對比型的GRE閱讀通常會在文章一開始就提出兩個或兩個以上的觀點，并在下文中呈現(xiàn)出對比分析的特點。通過對兩個或多個觀點的分析比較，間接表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度和評價，從而判斷文章的主旨和基調(diào)。在做題過程中要注意觀察作者的態(tài)度或評價，因為此類型的文章中通常會有關(guān)于作者態(tài)度的題目。

應(yīng)對方法：這類文章主要是考察考生對文章整體的把握程度，對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的分析能力，以及對作者態(tài)度評價及邏輯的判斷。文章通常圍繞新觀點展開，明白這一點，就要在平時的練習中多家注意，并養(yǎng)成好的做題習慣，這樣才能在考試的時候臨危不亂，取得滿意的成績。

GRE閱讀文章5大常見結(jié)構(gòu)之結(jié)論說明型

考點：此類型的文章通常會在文章開頭給出一個明確的結(jié)論，然后在下文中圍繞這一結(jié)論進行詳細論述，通過擺事實和分析論據(jù)的方式來證明結(jié)論的正確性或可行性。文章的展開通常會以“總-分”的形式來呈現(xiàn)。

應(yīng)對方法：這類文章一般在首句都會出現(xiàn)一個主題句，即topic sentence，接著下文圍繞這一話題展開討論，并且在討論的過程中不斷拋出論據(jù)來證明該結(jié)論的正確性。通過對論據(jù)的分析考生可以準確判斷作者的態(tài)度，對接下來的題目練習做好鋪墊?？忌谄綍r練習的時候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習慣，“養(yǎng)兵千日用兵一時”對提升考生的準確率是非常有效的。

GRE閱讀文章5大常見結(jié)構(gòu)之對比分析型

考點：此類型的文章通常會在文章開頭給出兩個或兩個以上關(guān)于新觀點的主題句，然后在下文中圍繞這一觀點進行詳細論述和對比分析，并且在對比中會著重凸顯作者的態(tài)度和觀點。下面給大家舉例說明一下。

應(yīng)對方法：同樣，此類文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上也會呈現(xiàn)出總-分-總結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段拋出觀點之后在接下來的段落中進行針對性的分析，最后一段通常是對比分析后得出的結(jié)論匯總。所以在平時做GRE閱讀的時候一定要養(yǎng)成分析文章套路的習慣，這樣在做題的時候就能做到心中有數(shù)，下筆有神。

GRE閱讀文章5大常見結(jié)構(gòu)之自問自答型

考點：問題解答類的文章通常會以問句的形式開始，第一段會提出一個問題或者呈現(xiàn)一個難題，而問題通常是“設(shè)問”句。常見的標志詞如：problem，difficulty, task, puzzle, challenge, question等詞。緊接著會對這一問題進行解答或作出解釋，文章圍繞這些問題展開討論分析，并把作者的觀點態(tài)度貫穿其中。主要考察考生對文章問題的理解以及對所給答案的分析和判斷，要求考生有明確的思路和方向。

應(yīng)對方法：該類文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)基本可以總結(jié)為“提問-解答-表明立場”，考生在讀文章的時候一定要把握好文章的基調(diào)和作者的評價，善于分析并把握文章的重點，判斷作者最想表達的內(nèi)容。為接下來的作答做好準備。首先，正如上文介紹的，文章一開始就要找出作者提出的文章要討論的問題。接著，作者會對此給出解答這個問題的重要信息考生對這些信息要進行明確的標注，方便最后的題目解答。最后根據(jù)作者對問題作出的回答判斷作者的觀點和立場，把握文章的主要內(nèi)容。

了解了上文中提到的這些常見文章結(jié)構(gòu)后，相信大家對于如何提升GRE閱讀長篇文章的快速解讀拆分技巧也有了一定掌握，之后小編希望大家能夠結(jié)合一些閱讀習題進行實踐練習，盡快熟練這項實用的解題技巧。

GRE閱讀練習

(This passage is from an article published in 1973)

The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected. This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations. A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem certain to arise. The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for women to become involved in novel types of noncombat military assignments.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) present an overview of the different types of assignments available to women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces

(B) present a reasoned (reasoned: adj.詳盡論述的, 理由充分的) prognosis of the status of women in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces

(C) present the new United States all-volunteer armed forces as a model case of equal employment policies in action

(D) analyze reforms in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces necessitated by the increasing number of women in the military

(E) analyze the use of functional equivalence as a substitute for occupational equality in the new United States all-volunteer armed forces

18. According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces’ commitment to occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women’s

(A) receiving equal pay for equal work

(B) having access to positions of responsibility at most levels

(C) drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments than before

(D) benefiting from opportunities arising from new noncombat functions

(E) being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men

19. The passage implies that which of the following is a factor conducive to a more equitable representation of women in the United States armed forces than has existed in the past?

(A) The all-volunteer character of the present armed forces

(B) The past service records of women who had assignments functionally equivalent to men’s assignments

(C) The level of awareness on the part of the larger society of military issues

(D) A decline in the proportion of deterrence oriented noncombat assignments

(E) Restrictive past policies governing the military assignments open to women

20. The “dramatic gains for women” (line 5) and the attitude, as described in lines 11-12, of a “significant portion of the larger society” are logically related to each other inasmuch as (inasmuch as: 因為, 由于) the author puts forward the latter as

(A) a public response to achievement of the former

(B) the major reason for absence of the former

(C) a precondition for any prospect of achieving the former

(D) a catalyst for a further extension of the former

(E) a reason for some of the former being lost again

Of the thousands of specimens of meteorites found on Earth and known to science, only about 100 are igneous; that is, they have undergone melting by volcanic action at some time since the planets were first formed. These igneous meteorites are known as achondrites because they lack chondrules—small stony spherules found in the thousands of meteorites (called “chondrites”) composed primarily of unaltered minerals that condensed from dust and gas at the origin of the solar system. Achondrites are the only known samples of volcanic rocks originating outside the Earth-Moon system. Most are thought to have been dislodged by interbody impact from asteroids, with diameters of from 10 to 500 kilometers, in solar orbit between Mars and Jupiter.

Shergottites, the name given to three anomalous achondrites so far discovered on Earth, present scientists with a genuine enigma. Shergottites crystallized from molten rock less than 1.1 billion years ago (some 3.5 billion years later than typical achondrites) and were presumably ejected into space when an object impacted on a body similar in chemical composition to Earth.

While most meteorites appear to derive from comparatively small bodies, shergottites exhibit properties that indicate that their source was a large planet, conceivably Mars. In order to account for such an unlikely source, some unusual factor must be invoked, because the impact needed to accelerate a fragment of rock to escape the gravitational field of a body even as small as the Moon is so great that no meteorites of lunar origin have been discovered.

While some scientists speculate that shergottites derive from Io (a volcanically active moon of Jupiter), recent measurements suggest that since Io’s surface is rich in sulfur and sodium, the chemical composition of its volcanic products would probably be unlike that of the shergottites. Moreover, any fragments dislodged from Io by interbody impact would be unlikely to escape the gravitational pull of Jupiter.

The only other logical source of shergottites is Mars. Space-probe photographs indicate the existence of giant volcanoes on the Martian surface. From the small number of impact craters that appear on Martian lava flows, one can estimate that the planet was volcanically active as recently as a half-billion years ago—and may be active today. The great objection to the Martian origin of shergottites is the absence of lunar meteorites on Earth. An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of (in view of: adv.考慮到, 由于) the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. A recent study suggests, however, that permafrost ices below the surface of Mars may have altered the effects of impact on it. If the ices had been rapidly vaporized by an impacting object, the expanding gases might have helped the ejected fragments reach escape velocity (escape velocity: n.逃逸速度). Finally, analyses performed by space probes show a remarkable chemical similarity between Martian soil and the shergottites.

21. The passage implies which of the following about shergottites?

I. They are products of volcanic activity.

II. They derive from a planet larger than Earth.

III. They come from a planetary body with a chemical composition similar to that of Io.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

22. According to the passage, a meteorite discovered on Earth is unlikely to have come from a large planet for which of the following reasons?

(A) There are fewer large planets in the solar system than there are asteroids.

(B) Most large planets have been volcanically inactive for more than a billion years.

(C) The gravitational pull of a large planet would probably prohibit fragments from escaping its orbit.

(D) There are no chondrites occurring naturally on Earth and probably none on other large planets.

(E) Interbody impact is much rarer on large than on small planets because of the density of the atmosphere on large planets.

23. The passage suggests that the age of shergottites is probably

(A) still entirely undetermined

(B) less than that of most other achondrites

(C) about 3.5 billion years

(D) the same as that of typical achondrites

(E) greater than that of the Earth

24. According to the passage, the presence of chondrules in a meteorite indicates that the meteorite

(A) has probably come from Mars

(B) is older than the solar system itself

(C) has not been melted since the solar system formed

(D) is certainly less than 4 billion years old

(E) is a small fragment of an asteroid

25. The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?

(A) What is the precise age of the solar system?

(B) How did shergottites get their name?

(C) What are the chemical properties shared by shergottites and Martian soils?

(D) How volcanically active is the planet Jupiter?

(E) What is a major feature of the Martian surface?

26. It can be inferred from the passage that each of the following is a consideration in determining whether a particular planet is a possible source of shergottites that have been discovered on Earth EXCEPT the

(A) planet’s size

(B) planet’s distance from Earth

(C) strength of the planet’s field of gravity

(D) proximity of the planet to its moons

(E) chemical composition of the planet’s surface

27. It can be inferred from the passage that most meteorites found on Earth contain which of the following?

(A) Crystals

(B) Chondrules

(C) Metals

(D) Sodium

(E) Sulfur

答案：17-27：BEABACBCEDB