做翻譯也能提升托福寫作能力
托福寫作練習中，其實大家也可以通過翻譯練習來提升寫作能力，也是就所謂的“以譯促寫”。今天小編和大家分享做翻譯也能提升托福寫作能力,希望能幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
做翻譯也能提升托福寫作能力?
一.何為“以譯促寫”
所謂以譯促寫，顧名思義就是通過翻譯來促進托福寫作。具體說來，就是找一篇英文作文將它翻譯成漢語，然后對照漢語，自己把它翻譯成英文，最后，將自己的英文稿和最初的范文進行對比，尋找差距。本文小編為大家介紹這種以譯促寫的托福寫作方法。
語言使用(language use)是新托福寫作中一項重要的評分維度。根據(jù)官方給出的評分標準，考生應該“能夠流暢地使用英語(consistent facility in the use of language)”，也就是要求考生能夠使用多種英文句型并且恰當用詞(There should be a variety of sentence structure， and word choice should be appropriate)。然而，提高語言的難度極高，它既不想發(fā)展(development)那樣具有訓練性，也不像結構(organization)那樣具有模版性，如果方法不得當，還很有可能“練而無果”。那么，什么方法能夠在短期內有效地提高語言表達呢?很簡單，演“譯”語言，以譯促寫。
所謂以譯促寫，顧名思義就是通過翻譯來促進寫作。具體說來，就是找一篇英文作文將它翻譯成漢語，然后對照漢語，自己把它翻譯成英文，最后，將自己的英文稿和最初的范文進行對比，尋找差距。而這樣操作的目的也很簡單，就是在比較和批注的過程中不斷完善提高語言，了解地道的英式表達，從而在考場上從容作文。
二.“以譯促寫”具體如何實施
第一步，將一篇優(yōu)秀的托福獨立習作翻譯成英文。優(yōu)秀習作的來源可是是OG給出的4、5分的范文，也可以是市面上各種輔導書所給出的參考范文，甚至可以是老托福TWE185題的李笑來范文。這里需要注意一個細節(jié)，我們所做出來的翻譯應該和原文放在一個文檔以方便我們的后續(xù)檢查和比較。
第二步，打開一個新的文檔，將翻譯好的漢語文本進行復制粘貼。這里需要注意的是最好粘貼在非word文檔里。由于word具有自動改正的功能，所以很多明顯的拼寫語法錯誤會自動修正，而在真實的考場上，ETS給出的軟件完全不具備類似的功能(這本來就是考試所要考查的內容)，所以，對word依賴越大，考場之上，失誤的可能性就越大。
第三步，對照自己的漢語文本，將漢語翻譯成英語。
第四步，將自己的英語文本與原先的范文文本進行對比，標注出自己表達與范文表達不同的地方，并進行修改批注。但是，進行到這一步，大家千萬不要以為萬事大吉了，確切地說這才是做好我們整個工作的準備環(huán)節(jié)，真正關鍵的步驟是第五步。
第五步，也是整個環(huán)節(jié)中最重要的一步，就是要靜心地思考你的英文譯文同范文文本的差異，學習范文文本的起承轉合的技巧，學習范文文本長句短句的錯落交叉，學習范文文本的精確用詞--這些都是在你的文章有了思路和結構之后阻礙你得的重要因素。
第六步，作為選擇步驟。如果前五步，特別是第五步你已經做的無可挑剔，那么這一步可以選擇不做。但是如果你在前五步做完之后還有一些困惑，那么請一定要嚴格執(zhí)行第六步，即背下這篇范文。為什么不是直接背下范文呢?因為只有通過這樣一步一步地翻譯，一點一點地對比，你才能知道并且是真正你自己的表達弱點在那里。這種做法看似麻煩，其實比直接背范文的有效性要高出很多。
托福寫作解析：倒裝句讓你的寫作更精彩
倒裝句在托福寫作中時常運用，一種是完全倒裝句;另一種是部分倒裝句。
對于英語句子的倒裝，有兩種情況下需要運用倒裝，一是由于語法結構的需要;二是由于修辭的需要。對于這兩種情況的倒裝，種情況是必須要倒裝的，否則你的句子就會出現(xiàn)語法錯誤;第二種是選擇性的倒裝，這里只會在表達效果上出現(xiàn)差異。下面小編就帶大家一起來看看從修辭功能的需要來看看倒裝句為你的托福寫作提分。
表現(xiàn)點一：表示強調
倒裝句，大家最常見的、最突出的表現(xiàn)形式就是強調，其它表達形式一般有3種形態(tài)：
1. only +狀語或狀語從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有當他已經說出那個字后才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。
例： Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。
例： so / such...that結構中的so或such位于句首可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分。
eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排進行得那么長,以致于那兩個演員都走出去了。
以上各例子都用倒裝語序突出了句首成分,其語氣較自然語序強烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。
表現(xiàn)點二：承上啟下
在寫作表達中，有時需要在前一句說到或有聯(lián)系的人或者是事物在下一句緊接著先說出來，從而使前后兩句在意思上的關系更加清楚，銜接更加的緊密，起到一個承上啟下的作用，這時候往往會用到倒裝句。
例： We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實不應因為被稱作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。
表現(xiàn)點三：制造懸念，渲染氣氛
一般這個表現(xiàn)點在新聞或者文學創(chuàng)作的時候用到的最多，是為了內容的需要，或者為了強調，作者常常運用倒裝句來制造懸念，渲染氣氛，但是如果想讓你的文章豐富多彩，那么使用倒裝也不是不可行的。
例如：Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墻上掛著一幅精美的圖畫。
表現(xiàn)點四：平衡結構
學習英語的人都知道，在英語的修辭中有一個很重要的原則，就是尾重原則，即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾有來保持句子的平衡。而在語言使用中為了避免頭重腳輕，結構不平衡的句子，通常也會使用倒裝句來達到這種效果。
1. 以作狀語的介詞短語開頭:當主語較長或主語所帶修飾語較長時,為了使句子平衡,常將狀語置于句首,句子用完全倒裝語序。
例：On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放著一些空調,等著用船運到其他城市去。
從例句中可看出, 采用倒裝語序的A句結構平衡穩(wěn)妥 ,讀起來自然流暢,而采用自然語序的B句結構零亂, 讀起來也別扭。因而,在主語較長時就應采用倒裝語序以取得理想的表達效果。
2. 以表語開頭的句子:有時為了把較長的主語放在后面,須將表語和謂語都提到主語前。
eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來的家就是這個樣子。
3. 以副詞here , there開頭的句子,也采用完全倒裝來保持句子平衡。
例：Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在這兒。
表現(xiàn)點五：使文章描寫生動
有時為了使敘述或描繪更加生動形象,增加語言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒裝的語序(主語為人稱代詞的句子除外)。
例：Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 當警察把手槍瞄準那個罪犯時,嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。
上例句子簡潔明了，生動逼真地描述了有關動作，令我們一覽倒裝句的風采。這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語段中可以體現(xiàn)的更為清晰。
托福寫作解析：reduce living expense
如果給朋友推薦reduce living expense的方式：
1. 找一個室友合租
2. 不買最新款的手機，buy less frequently
3. Buy cheap foods and cook home(不要經常在外面吃)
Which way you will recommend to your friend and why?
思路：題目問推薦reduce living expense的方式，選找舍友合租。
三個分論點：
(1)找舍友合租省下的房租費遠多于后兩種;
(2)找舍友合租還可以在其他方面省錢，比如交通拼車啥的;
(3)讓步，找舍友合租固然會有一些不便，但并不嚴重。
2017年12月17日托福獨立寫作真題范文
托福寫作范文參考：
(開頭段：背景引入+他人觀點+自己觀點+過渡句)
Due to high level of consumptions, young people can usually find themselves stuck in financial deficit. In this case, how to cut down living expenses obviously become an important problem. Some say they may change their mobile phone in a much lower frequency while others propose that they are more willing to cook by themselves in order to save money. However, I consider renting an apartment with a roommate can be the best solution. My view point is based on the following reasons and examples.
(分論點1：分論點+展開句+論證)
To begin with, living with a roommate can help us save much more money than cutting down costs in buying new electric devices or cooking at home. The expense of house renting is higher than the money spending on eating stuff or purchasing mobile phone. Take the young working in Shanghai as an example. Renting fees in Shanghai can reach 5,000 RMB to 7000 RMB in average if young people want to live in some convenient districts rather than in some remote areas. If they find a roommate and get the rent shared, he or she can save at least 2,500 RMB per month. When it comes to saving money by stop buying new mobile phone or quitting eating outside, one may only save several hundred RMB one month. So it will be much more effective if one find a roommate to reduce his or her costs on renting than on cellphone or food.
(分論點2：分論點+展開句+論證)
In addition, living with another individual can not only lesson one’s financial pressure in renting fees, but also save money in other aspects. Roommates can share furniture or tools together. For example, when I was just graduate from university, I choose to rent with another girl. When we both moved into our new apartment from our dormitory, the first thing we need to deal with was to buy some necessary items such as cooking pot and sofa, for the house we rent was almost empty—there were only two beds in it. I felt very lucky that I decided to live with another girl rather than living by myself, because I had not to pay all the expenses of buying these equipment myself. Sharing those expenditure with my roommate effectively lessened my financial burden.
(讓步段：承認漏洞，削弱其影響)
Admittedly, living with another person can lead to some problems. Sometimes, we may encounter with roommates who are quite annoying, like he or she may have several friends singing and dancing in her room till midnight, which will disturb us a lot. Different life style can result in a bad relationship between us and our roommates. Nevertheless, this kind of terrible situation can be prevented by carefully collecting information of our roommates before we make the decision of renting a house with him or her. If we deliberately choose the individual who own a similar living habit as ours, most of the unsat isfactory cases can be avoided ahead of time.
(結尾段：重述總論點+重述分論點)
To sum up, compared with keeping using old cellphone and cooking by ourselves, living with a roommate is the best solution when young people want to cut down their expenses. Having another people living with us can share renting fees as well as other various kinds of costs. Although it may lead to some inconvenience, we can effectively eliminate these drawbacks by observing and communicating with our potential roommates before we finally pick up the one we are most likely to get along well with.
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做翻譯也能提升托福寫作能力
