托福綜合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤
托福寫作考試中，第一項(xiàng)是托福綜合寫作，在托福綜合寫作中，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)犯一些常見錯(cuò)誤，比如不注意語言質(zhì)量，對(duì)于綜合寫作不夠重視等等，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈＞C合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤匯總,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。
托福綜合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤匯總
一.托福綜合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤一：不注重寫作質(zhì)量
在綜合寫作中，ETS對(duì)于純語言的考察明顯是低于獨(dú)立寫作的。對(duì)比兩者的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即可見端倪。在綜合寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，只有一條well-organized，而獨(dú)立寫作對(duì)于詞、句、段、結(jié)構(gòu)都有著詳細(xì)的要求。那是因?yàn)?，綜合寫作考的并非語言能力，而是考生抓取信息的能力。綜合寫作的考察形式其實(shí)很接近真正美國大學(xué)上課的模式，即在上課前閱讀大量的材料，然后去聽老師上課講的內(nèi)容，再自己進(jìn)行消化吸收。
但是，考生需要注意兩點(diǎn)：
1.大量影響理解的語言錯(cuò)誤一定會(huì)被扣分。4分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中就有這么一條：A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很直接的告訴了我們語法錯(cuò)誤以及明顯的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)影響分?jǐn)?shù)，也就是在綜合寫作中，很多同學(xué)會(huì)寫成：the lecture point out而不是the lecture points out。同時(shí)，也可以學(xué)會(huì)去換同義詞語，達(dá)到詞匯的多樣性，比如表示reading的詞語就有：the article, the passage, the author, the writer,而表示聽力的就有：the lecture, the listening, the speech, the speaker等等。
2.邏輯聯(lián)系詞非常重要!5檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中最后都特別提到“connection of ideas”。這就說明考官需要的是一篇文章，而非一些觀點(diǎn)事實(shí)的堆砌。考生需要把所得到的觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)連成一篇文章。因此，考生一定要記?。壕C合寫作辭藻不必太華麗，但是要盡量避免語言錯(cuò)誤，且邏輯關(guān)系一定要清楚。在弄清楚內(nèi)容本身的邏輯關(guān)系之外，使用邏輯聯(lián)系詞也是非常必要的。
綜合寫作中常用的邏輯聯(lián)系詞有如下幾種：
轉(zhuǎn)折：in contrast, however, on the other hand, on contrary, while
順序：first, second, third, first of all, secondly, also, finally, in the first place, furthermore, moreover
在寫作中，將這些邏輯聯(lián)系詞穿插其中，再加上聽到和讀到的內(nèi)容，也就是真正的“血肉”，綜合寫作拿滿分即是輕而易舉之事。
二.托福綜合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤二：只作歸納不作論述
有時(shí)候同學(xué)會(huì)誤以為只要大概講清楚聽力或者閱讀之間的關(guān)系就可以了，其實(shí)不是這樣的。有時(shí)候同學(xué)會(huì)用簡單點(diǎn)詞匯，比如disagree, dispute, argue等直接表達(dá)反觀點(diǎn)的詞匯來表達(dá)閱讀與聽力的關(guān)系，而這只是完成了寫作要求的一半，根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)我們可以看出，考官需要的是更多的細(xì)節(jié)輔助，不能只是總結(jié)出了閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系。因?yàn)閷?duì)于同學(xué)們的總結(jié)能力有了進(jìn)一步的要求。
OG的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看似都是一些波瀾不驚、無關(guān)痛癢的話，而其實(shí)深究下去，ETS的考官們?cè)缫寻岩髮懺诹俗掷镄虚g，這就需要考生細(xì)細(xì)研讀，仔細(xì)鉆研，揣摩考官的用意，對(duì)癥下藥，方能輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。同時(shí)搞清楚得分要點(diǎn)在哪里，才可以拿到高分。
三.如何備考托福綜合寫作
要想知道托福的考官到底考什么，我們有的也是僅有的最佳參考資料便是托福的官方指南了。很多學(xué)生將OG粗粗看了一遍，就扔在一邊，理由是知道了題型就可以了，上面的題目反正也不會(huì)再考，看了也沒用。而事實(shí)上，OG能給我們的絕不是告訴我們題型這么簡單，它同時(shí)還給出了我們備考的思路和方向。如果沒有領(lǐng)悟這些大方向，那么花再多的時(shí)間啃書做題也是事倍功半。可見，對(duì)于評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的正確、細(xì)致的解讀是相當(dāng)重要的。
托福考試作文獨(dú)立寫作范文：學(xué)校改善學(xué)生住宿環(huán)境的措施
You school want to improve the quality of students’ life in the dormitory. Which one of the following do you think the school should build in dorms?
1.Quiet study area
2. exercise room for students to keep physical well-being
3. room for entertainment
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
寫作范文參考:
2016年9月25日托福獨(dú)立寫作范文
With the masses increase in affluence and awareness, college students tends to be spoiled with all kinds of well-equipped dorms. Private Jacuzzi, big screen TV set and even tanning salon are not rare on some college dorms. When it comes to the question of what the school should build in the dorm, I personally would say it is in the students’ best interest to build an entertainment room for the following reasons.
Admittedly, a quiet study room can provide a place for students to focus on their academic assignments and an exercising room affords them the opportunities to keep fit and stay in good shape, nonetheless, these facilities are redundant since an above-average university has at least one decent library and a recreation center for students and faculty members. Thus, it is not necessary to include such facilities in the campus dorms, and there are obvious benefits to build an entertainment room with home theater sets and video game consoles.
First off, an entertainment room provides students a chance to get away from busy life and study and switch off. As is known to all, college life can be overwhelming, students are constantly under lots of academic pressure, like presentations, group projects, final exams, so on and so forth. Barely do they have chance to release their pressure, fortunately with an entertainment room, they can watch movies or play video games together. As the saying goes, “all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”. Indeed, recent research on the correlation between leisure time and students’ academic performance conducted by National Association of Psychiatrists shows that a student with certain amount of time spent in doing entertainment activities are observed to have higher grade than those who don’t. Consequently, entertainment room helps to improve students’ academic performance.
Additionally, an entertainment room provides a chance for students to catch up with their peers and bond more with one another. When playing video games or watching movies together, not only can students escape from their busy schedule, but also they can get a chance to talk to other students who also live in the same dorm building. Students who happen to live in the same dorm might have totally different majors and areas of concentration, so connecting with each other can help students to gain more exposure in other fields. Plus, students can use their moments in the entertainment room to get to know others who are from different regions of the country or even from other part of the globe, by interacting with people who are from distinctive culture backgrounds students can broaden their horizons and have unique perspective on different things. Without an entertainment, students living on the same floor might be strangers for four years, which can be a nightmare.
In conclusion, it is more advisable for the university to build an entertainment room since it provides students a chance to switch off, and also students can catch up with their peers and bond more with one another.
托?？荚囎魑莫?dú)立寫作范文：在決定長期工作前年輕人應(yīng)嘗試不同工作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career.
(A/D) Young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career.
題目大意：在決定長期工作之前，年輕人應(yīng)該嘗試不同的工作。此題并不難，思路也很容易想。建議，選擇同意，理由一可以獲得多種技能，理由二可以找到自己最合適的職業(yè)。
寫作參考一:
Currently, with the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce, the job-hunting has been brought under the spotlight of the mass media. The senior and experts strongly proposed that young people should try different jobs before taking a lifelong career, while the youngsters may hold the opposite viewpoint. As far as I am concerned, the former view is more reasonable, with the reasons listed below.
In the first place, different jobs will equip the young with multiple skills and professional knowledge in various fields. As we know, the completion of every job, simple or complex, requires differing abilities and expertise in certain area. As a result, young adults who take different jobs will grasp the knowledge in a new area and increase their potential capability to a large extent, thus having the well-rounded development. To be specific, to be a waiter or waitress in a restaurant enables us to cultivate interpersonal skills since we may encounter tons of people from all walks of life. Being a manager will help to improve the organizational skills and leadership, because the successful running of a department depends on the ability of leaders. Undoubtedly, those people with more than one skills will have an edge over other competitors in the future job market.
In addition, another conspicuous benefit of taking different jobs before you settle on the lifelong career is that the young have the chances to find the most suitable position. It is never uncommon to hear that many employees who have worked for three or more years complain that the work they take is not what they are good at or what they like. Consequently, their enthusiasm or passion for their jobs is relatively in a low level, which has negative influence on the development of themselves and their company. The best way to deal with the above problem is to allow youngsters to try different types of work at first and take the one which suits them most. The experience of my friend, Kozer, is a good case in point. After graduating from the department of foreign languages in Beijing University, Kozer was recruited by a Foreign Trade Corporation due to his excellent English. Unfortunately, he was too introverted to communicate well with strangers, especially with foreigners. Then he resigned from the position and became a teacher in a high school. The same problem occurred again. Finally, realizing his own strengths and weaknesses from the above failures, he found that the most suitable position for himself was to be an editor for China Daily, the most famous English newspaper, because there was no need to talk with many people in this job.
Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is not necessary for young adults to try different jobs, because it will waste lots of time and even make them miss out some opportunities. However, the above reasoning is far from the truth. To illustrate, only when we have experienced several different kinds of work can we find the one which most fits for us. So the time spent on every try is worthwhile.
In a nutshell, it is safe to conclude that young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career, in order to gain more skills and find the most suitable position. (By Zhaobo，548words)
寫作參考二:
The benefits and drawbacks of job hopping have never failed to be the center of debate among employees and employers, and human resource managers of corporations. While some people believe that constant job hopping brings more benefits than pitfalls, others state that the disadvantages of switching between jobs before settling down greatly outweigh the benefits. Personally, I think trying out different positions is beneficial to one’s future career based on the following reasons.
Admittedly, switching between jobs will make your employers suspicious about your judgment and question your commitment and loyalty to the company, however, the taking different jobs gives a professional countless benefits, like diverse background, broadened social network, better compensation and benefits, etc.
First off, more job experience provides an individual exposure to different industries and more professional experience, eventually it is conducive for someone to find his or her real expectation and ultimate career goal in the long run. In a small company, employees might have intimate and close friendships with each other, and there is no standard procedure of daily business operation. However, in a colossal corporation, employees have a clear professional boundary and they have to follow strict regulations and procedures when conducting business. Having a chance to work in both small and big companies will help individuals to know which type of company fits them best and they can choose their future career according to their preference. Also, having working experience in different industries and various sized companies makes the employees more flexible and adaptable in distinctive working environments. Future employees will value those who have exposure to a variety of challenges and can bring new ideas and changes to the company.
Additionally, working in different companies and industries gives an individual more opportunities to explore new social networks and thus enjoy a much more promising career in the near future. An individual can expand his or her social and professional networks after having worked in different places, where one can plant roots and farm relationships and eventually these connections will prove to be very helpful in the near future. This is especially true in today’s overly competitive job market, a dynamic and active professional network will probably help you to land better jobs in the future.
In conclusion, it is more advisable to take different jobs before settling down permanently since it brings more exposure in different industries, rich professional experience and a more dynamic professional connection
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托福綜合寫作常見錯(cuò)誤
