托福閱讀讀題技巧
讀題的時(shí)候，我們需要做的都不僅僅是搞清楚題目的類(lèi)型、找出定位的關(guān)鍵詞以及找到定位句，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀讀題技巧，希望能夠幫助到你們，快來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。
托福閱讀讀題技巧
讀題的時(shí)候，我們需要做的都不僅僅是搞清楚題目的類(lèi)型、找出定位的關(guān)鍵詞以及找到定位句，我們還需要在最開(kāi)始就清楚地明白，題目到底是在問(wèn)什么。
這樣做會(huì)帶來(lái)兩個(gè)好處：
1.方便我們?cè)谥蟮淖鲱}步驟中，有效地篩選出回答題目的信息，快速排除無(wú)效信息，減少糾結(jié)上浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間;
2.能夠幫助我們避開(kāi)出題人故意設(shè)置的干擾選項(xiàng)
大家先來(lái)做一下下面這道題，
選自官方真題Official11的Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
Paragraph 1: In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.
問(wèn)題1：Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably than other art is that Egyptian art lacks
A. a realistic sense of human body proportion
B. a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes
C. the originality of European art
D. the capacity to show the human body in motion
這道題目的答案是D，小伙伴們檢查檢查，看看做沒(méi)做對(duì)。
1.如果做對(duì)了，那么請(qǐng)嘗試著給其他同學(xué)講講你是咋選的，如果能夠講清楚，那么代表你已經(jīng)是閱讀的大神級(jí)人物了。
2.如果沒(méi)做對(duì)，且聽(tīng)我娓娓道來(lái)。
這道題目通常會(huì)犯的一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是根據(jù)定位的句子：In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures. 直接進(jìn)行答案的選擇。但實(shí)際上，如果你只定位或讀到這個(gè)句子，那說(shuō)明你根本沒(méi)有看清楚題目，做題的時(shí)候根本沒(méi)有動(dòng)腦筋。
題目問(wèn)的是：埃及藝術(shù)缺乏了一個(gè)什么東西，使得它不被人們喜歡?
這個(gè)句子雖然存在一個(gè)表示因果關(guān)系的led to，但總結(jié)一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管結(jié)果“compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures”和題目一毛一樣，這個(gè)句子給我們的原因卻是“不理解埃及藝術(shù)”，也就是說(shuō)“因?yàn)槿藗儧](méi)有足夠的理解埃及藝術(shù)的目的，才導(dǎo)致他們覺(jué)得埃及藝術(shù)很挫”呢!
只有欣賞者才會(huì)不理解埃及藝術(shù)，怎么可能是埃及藝術(shù)自身無(wú)法理解自己???
所以，只有讀懂了題目的意思才能知道，原來(lái)找到了一個(gè)完全無(wú)用的信息啊。并且，我們也不會(huì)反復(fù)糾結(jié)“為什么沒(méi)有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)能夠?qū)Φ纳显牡男畔ⅰ边@個(gè)問(wèn)題了。
接下來(lái)，我們需要做的事情就是繼續(xù)尋找相關(guān)信息。
我們把冒號(hào)前后的兩個(gè)完整句子連在一起看一下：
In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary?
事實(shí)上，不理解埃及藝術(shù)的目的通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致大家不像喜歡其他文化一樣喜歡埃及藝術(shù)：為什么埃及人創(chuàng)造的雕塑沒(méi)有像古典希臘雕塑那樣帶有身體的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和扭動(dòng)呢?
繞來(lái)繞去，其實(shí)就是在說(shuō)：
不清楚埃及藝術(shù)的目的——看到埃及雕塑缺乏body turned和twisted——認(rèn)為埃及雕塑特別挫
看到這兒，我們已經(jīng)能夠妥妥的得出能夠回答題目的答案了，那就是埃及藝術(shù)缺乏對(duì)肢體動(dòng)作的描繪，答案很自然就是D!
看到這不禁感嘆一句，藝術(shù)家也挺不容易的，作品搞得太大眾吧，被人認(rèn)為屌絲，搞得太陽(yáng)春白雪，又會(huì)被詬病太裝逼，為之奈何且為之奈何啊。。。
我們?cè)賮?lái)做一道題，選自官方真題Official20的Westward Migration
Paragraph 2: Why were these hundreds of thousands of settlers—most of them farmers, some of them artisans—drawn away from the cleared fields and established cities and villages of the East? Certain characteristics of American society help to explain this remarkable migration. The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic. Many of those who experienced this sharp break thereafter lacked the ties that had bound them and their ancestors to a single place. Moreover, European society was relatively stratified; occupation and social status were inherited. In American society, however, the class structure was less rigid; some people changed occupations easily and believed it was their duty to improve their social and economic position. As a result, many Americans were an inveterately restless, rootless, and ambitious people. Therefore, these social traits helped to produce the nomadic and daring settlers who kept pushing westward beyond the fringes of settlement. In addition, there were other immigrants who migrated west in search of new homes, material success, and better lives.
問(wèn)題：According to paragraph 2, all of the following are reasons why Americans migrated westward EXCEPT
A. the desire to move from one place to the next
B. the hope of improving their socioeconomic status
C. the opportunity to change jobs
D. the need to escape religious or political crises
如果你選的是A、B、C其中一個(gè)，那么請(qǐng)你仔細(xì)閱讀并思考下面的問(wèn)題：
1.題目問(wèn)的是啥?
2.這個(gè)句子啥意思?The European ancestors of some Americans had for centuries lived rooted to the same village or piece of land until some religious, political, or economic crisis uprooted them and drove them across the Atlantic.
3.The European ancestors of some Americans是美國(guó)人還是歐洲人?
答案：
1.下列哪一個(gè)原因不是美國(guó)人向西遷移的原因?
2.某些美國(guó)人的歐洲祖先幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)生活地點(diǎn)沒(méi)有發(fā)生改變，直到某些宗教、政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)把他們趕出家園，迫使他們穿越了大西洋(來(lái)到美洲)。
3.米國(guó)人的歐洲祖先當(dāng)然是歐洲人咯
所以，D選項(xiàng)的逃離宗教、政治危機(jī)，其實(shí)和米國(guó)人一點(diǎn)關(guān)系都沒(méi)有，而是歐洲人最開(kāi)始向西穿越大西洋、來(lái)到美洲的根本原因，那么D也就是這道題目的答案了(問(wèn)題回顧：下列哪一個(gè)原因不是美國(guó)人向西遷移的原因?)
托福閱讀：經(jīng)典十周復(fù)習(xí)建議
第一周-第二周：完成OG剩余閱讀題，開(kāi)始做TPO 1-5(其中有和OG重復(fù)的題目，可跳過(guò))
1. 把上課遺留下來(lái)或作為作業(yè)的題目都做完;
2. 核對(duì)答案，分析對(duì)錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)的題目一定要搞明白;
3. 精讀錯(cuò)誤率高的文章。
精讀要求：摘錄每篇生詞，標(biāo)注詞性、中文、同義詞，著重記憶詞性為動(dòng)詞、形容詞的單詞;
分析和做錯(cuò)題目有關(guān)的定位句，如果是長(zhǎng)句，用課上的辦法作分析，能翻譯一下;
劃出每段的段落大意。
第三周-第四周：開(kāi)始做TPO 6-10，剛開(kāi)始不宜追求速度，要保證質(zhì)量
1. 可以每天安排做一篇TPO閱讀，可以不記時(shí);
2. 核對(duì)答案，分析對(duì)錯(cuò)，錯(cuò)誤率高的文章同樣要做精讀，精讀要求同上;
3. 開(kāi)始整理學(xué)科單詞，如果這篇是關(guān)于地質(zhì)學(xué)，自動(dòng)把文章中和這個(gè)學(xué)科有關(guān)的單詞摘錄下來(lái)，歸為一類(lèi)。
第五周-第六周：繼續(xù)做TPO 11-20，慢慢加大做題量，尋找自己薄弱題型
1. 每天不計(jì)時(shí)至少做一篇TPO閱讀;
2. 對(duì)比近幾周做題情況，找出自己薄弱的題型，比如：推斷題，那就先把上課筆記再好好看下，以及往后的日子里，每天單獨(dú)挑3-5題推斷題作專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練;
3. 整理學(xué)科單詞，同上。
第七周-第八周：開(kāi)始進(jìn)入模擬考試環(huán)節(jié)，完成TPO 21-25
1. 每天必須做兩篇TPO閱讀，必須計(jì)時(shí)，如果說(shuō)前面幾周大多在紙面上做閱讀，那從這時(shí)開(kāi)始必須轉(zhuǎn)為上機(jī)，漸漸適應(yīng)考試狀態(tài);
2. 核對(duì)答案，開(kāi)始計(jì)算分值，并和OG上的參考評(píng)分作對(duì)比，看看和自己所期待的分值之間的差距為多少;
3. 開(kāi)始快速?gòu)?fù)習(xí)之前背過(guò)的單詞(紅寶書(shū))，這里指的復(fù)習(xí)不是統(tǒng)統(tǒng)重新背一遍，指的是復(fù)習(xí)自己當(dāng)初背覺(jué)得很難或者容易忘記的單詞，所以如果事先有記錄，那這時(shí)背起來(lái)就比較有方向;
4. 還可以選用《托福核心詞匯21天突破》，把高頻詞再掃看一到兩遍。
第九周-第十周：后沖刺的兩周，積極做題，調(diào)整心態(tài)
1. 依然不需要做其他額外的材料，還是做TPO，完成剩下的TPO 26-30;
2. 每次練習(xí)盡可能連貫地做三篇，計(jì)時(shí)，上機(jī)做，基本還原考試真實(shí)情況;
3. 核對(duì)答案，計(jì)算分值，估計(jì)自己終分值的區(qū)間;
4. 單詞照背，同上，在考前把之前自己整理的所有學(xué)科單詞復(fù)習(xí)一篇。
托福閱讀備考：題型及主題的確定
1、題型——注重解題方法
托福閱讀10種題型，除后的小結(jié)題外大都屬于考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的題目。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位是至關(guān)重要的一步，然后就是理解。此時(shí)如果詞匯量太小怎么辦?事實(shí)上做閱讀我們永遠(yuǎn)要牢記的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中體現(xiàn)了，
比如：
The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。
這個(gè)句子較長(zhǎng)，其中有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，還有hunted… 這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，而解題時(shí)我們只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多數(shù)同學(xué)在做題時(shí)有個(gè)習(xí)慣就是看到一句話后就開(kāi)始逐詞閱讀，甚至試圖把它翻譯成中文，這可謂“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句話先抓主干，遇到整段記得掃描段落有無(wú)顯眼的連詞，舉例信號(hào)詞等，瀏覽每段的主題句。
再說(shuō)一下小結(jié)題，大多數(shù)考生的切膚之痛。一是做到后一題時(shí)時(shí)間已所剩無(wú)幾，二是后一題是對(duì)全文的主要內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，相對(duì)復(fù)雜。
在課堂中，我一再向?qū)W生強(qiáng)調(diào)把握全文結(jié)構(gòu)及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做題之前可大概瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題及每段首句。作為學(xué)術(shù)性的閱讀文章，首句基本都是主題句。尤其是總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 雖然文章較難理解，但是文中明確提出了三種觀點(diǎn)first，second，third… 那么此類(lèi)文章小結(jié)題的選項(xiàng)太顯而易見(jiàn)了。再者，文章的每段會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)出2-3道題，那么題目中對(duì)應(yīng)的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。從這兩點(diǎn)就可以很快了解文章的主要內(nèi)容。所以在進(jìn)行TPO練習(xí)時(shí)，做題雖不可或缺，但還要注意多加練習(xí)快速閱讀文章的能力。
2、主題——增加背景知識(shí)
有部分學(xué)生反映做閱讀時(shí)很難投入進(jìn)去，有一點(diǎn)原因就是對(duì)于文章所述內(nèi)容太過(guò)陌生，如果你對(duì)其略知一二，相信定會(huì)有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，對(duì)于高中生來(lái)說(shuō)再熟悉不過(guò)了，閱讀的時(shí)候半讀半猜，估計(jì)也可以理解的89不離十了。
若考試準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間充足，可以多加涉獵，擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)背景;若時(shí)間緊張，則需搞定TPO套題。根據(jù)文章記憶單詞，并不是文章中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁瑣的專有名詞跳過(guò)即可。主要記憶的當(dāng)然是一些動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞，尤其是出現(xiàn)在句子主干中，與解題有關(guān)的詞匯。
除了詞匯，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析題干及題目，比如題干中出現(xiàn)了effect，conclusion之類(lèi)的詞，其實(shí)已經(jīng)界定了我們尋找的范圍——段落靠后的部分，還有就是觀點(diǎn)性和總結(jié)性的句子永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是考察的重點(diǎn)所在。做題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)分析原文和選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題，做一題需要看五個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，似乎很花費(fèi)時(shí)間，但并不需要每個(gè)句子都要細(xì)看，而是先明確原句的邏輯及主干，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與原句進(jìn)行比較。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。
原句是因果邏輯的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接著來(lái)看選項(xiàng)：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 顯然是因果倒置了，毫不猶豫地滅掉;C. 因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一個(gè)核心詞，而原文中是修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞spectacularly，并未進(jìn)行比較，二話不說(shuō)也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 這原因里怎么多出來(lái)一項(xiàng)啊，擄袖子攆人吧!
管中窺豹，可見(jiàn)一斑。由此例可見(jiàn)找關(guān)鍵，作分析可幫助我們快速并且準(zhǔn)確的找出選項(xiàng)。值得注意的一點(diǎn)是：無(wú)論解題方法多么巧妙，離開(kāi)了大量的練習(xí)就是“無(wú)本之源”。
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