托福閱讀細節(jié)題分析

陳鈴1147由分享時間：2020-09-11 11:32:07

細節(jié)題是一種看起來簡單實際上很考察閱讀基本功的題型，通過一道細節(jié)題就可以考察出自己的問題在哪里，以及以后學(xué)習(xí)中需要加以注意的地方。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀細節(jié)題，希望能夠幫助到你們，快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀細節(jié)題：最能摸清你閱讀基礎(chǔ)的一類題

先給大家普及一下細節(jié)題的解題步驟：

1. 讀題干，找出題干中的關(guān)鍵信息(就是題干提問的關(guān)鍵詞)

2. 到文章中尋找關(guān)鍵信息對應(yīng)的句子

3. 選擇一個關(guān)鍵信息對應(yīng)句子的同義改寫選項

我們來看一道例題：

T17-1 Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia

Paragraph 3: ……Even if they hugged theAfrican coastline, they had little chance of surviving a crossing of the IndianOcean Shortly after 1400. Shipbuilders began developing a new type of vesselproperly designed to operate in rough, open water: the caravel. It had a widerand deeper hull than the galley and hence could carry more cargo: increasedstability made it possible to add multiple masts and sails. In the largestcaravels, two main masts held large square sails that provided the bulk of thethrust driving the ship forward, while a smaller forward mast held atriangular-shaped sail, called a lateen sail, which could be moved into avariety of positions to maneuver the ship.

8. According to paragraph 3, what did thelateen sail contribute to the caravel as a sailing ship?

○It provided stability for the front partof the ship.

○It made it possible for the hull to bewider and deeper.

○It added considerably to the speed of thewind-driven ship.

○It improved the capacity of the ship to beguided.

這道題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是lateen sail. 帶著它回文中找到相關(guān)信息：while a smaller forward mast held a triangular-shaped sail, called alateen sail, which could be moved into a variety of positions to maneuver the ship.這個句子比較長而且還出現(xiàn)了定語從句，開頭還有一個托福閱讀?？嫉脑~while，并不是一下子就可以順譯出來的，如果考托er們讀不懂這個句子，大概會有如下兩種情況：

第一種，如果TOEFLer們在這個句子中發(fā)現(xiàn)百分之五十以上的單詞都不認識，那么同學(xué)們得趕緊回去背誦高中詞匯，后期的學(xué)習(xí)計劃就應(yīng)該著重在大量時間花在單詞背誦計劃的制定上：高中詞匯結(jié)束后再緊跟著背誦四級和托福詞匯。而且TOEFLer再做題目的時候就不能一味地想要學(xué)習(xí)解題技巧，而應(yīng)該著重基礎(chǔ)的提升，無論是單詞還是長難句。英文閱讀和中文閱讀一樣，沒有單詞量的閱讀就好像文盲讀報紙，只能靠腦洞。

第二種，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)單詞基本沒問題，但是連which這個從句都不知道起什么作用，那么句法部分應(yīng)該還有很大欠缺，尤其是從句部分知識。這種情況經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生群體中，他們的單詞量經(jīng)過四六級的洗禮已經(jīng)比較拿的出手了，但是對于句法反倒沒有高中生掌握的好，甚至遺忘比較嚴重，以至于讀句子的時候多是把單詞的意思往一起拼湊。這種學(xué)生通常會在做題時在迷惑性選項中一再栽跟頭，因為無論原文還是選項他都是讀得似懂非懂，就無法保證做題的正確率了。

綜上所述，細節(jié)題是一種看起來簡單實際上很考察閱讀基本功的題型，通過一道細節(jié)題就可以考察出自己的問題在哪里，以及以后學(xué)習(xí)中需要加以注意的地方。各位TOEFLer平時在做題的時候也要多加以總結(jié)和思考哦。

托福閱讀長難句：英國電視廣告

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrong impression either intentionally orunintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. (TPO14, 52)

我是分界線，大家先測試一遍速讀是否理解

The Independent Television Commission, (regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom), has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)(in an effort)(to control advertisers' use of techniques)(that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.)

分析：

修飾一：(regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom) ，同位語

中文：英國電視廣告的管理者

修飾二：(—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—)，破折號和非謂語動詞

中文：他們有意或無意營造了一個錯誤的印象

修飾三：(in an effort) ，介詞短語

中文：努力

修飾四：(to control advertisers' use oftechniques)，非謂語動詞

中文：控制廣告商對技術(shù)的使用

修飾五：(that make it difficult forchildren to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.) ，從句，修飾techniques

中文：這些技術(shù)使孩子很難去判斷玩具的真實大小、動作、性能以及構(gòu)造

參考翻譯：

英國電視廣告的管理者即獨立電視委員會批評廣告商的“誤導(dǎo)”(他們有意或無意營造了一個錯誤的印象)，他們努力控制廣告商對技術(shù)的使用，這些技術(shù)使孩子很難去判斷玩具的真實大小、動作、性能以及構(gòu)造。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、非謂語動詞、同位語、介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句：逆流交換系統(tǒng)

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. (TPO15, 55)

(In a countercurrent exchange system), the blood vessels (carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels (carrying warm blood from the body) (to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels); thus, the heat is transferred (from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) (before it reaches the flipper itself). (TPO15, 55)

分析：

修飾一：(In a countercurrent exchange system)，介詞短語

中文：在逆流交換系統(tǒng)中

修飾二：(carrying cooled blood from the flippers)，非謂語動詞，修飾the blood vessels

中文：攜帶來自鰭部的冷血

修飾三：(carrying warm blood from the body) ，非謂語動詞，修飾the blood vessels

中文：攜帶來自身體的溫血

修飾四：(to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels) ，非謂語動詞

中文：以便從帶有溫血的血管中獲取熱量

修飾五：(from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels) ，介詞短語

中文：由流出的血管到流進的血管

修飾六：(before it reaches the flipper itself)，從句