托福閱讀推斷題抓好關(guān)鍵詞

有共性推理題就是說題干中有和原文內(nèi)容相同的關(guān)鍵詞(也叫線索)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進行推理，下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀推斷題，希望能夠幫助到你們，快來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀推斷題：認(rèn)清類型，抓好關(guān)鍵詞

推斷題一般可以分為有共性的推理題和無共性的推理題。所謂的有共性推理題就是說題干中有和原文內(nèi)容相同的關(guān)鍵詞(也叫線索)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進行推理，大多數(shù)的推理題都屬于這類題目。對于無共性的推理題，也就是題干中無線索，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個選項的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。返回原文找信息點、采用排除法是解決這兩類推理題的共同策略。

推理題的解題思路主要有以下三個方向：

1、一般對比推理：根據(jù)兩個事情的對比特征，問其中一個事物的特征，只要將與之形成對比的另外一個事情的特征否定掉就可以。

2、時間對比推理：在這種推理中，一般有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問一個時間段的特征時，只要將與之相反的時間段的特征否定掉就可以了。

3、集合概念推理 ：一個大的集合的兩個方面形成對比，兩者之間存在著互補性關(guān)系，也就是一個的增加意味著另一個的減少。反之，相同。這個比較抽象，我們來看一個例子：

例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例都增加了。由此可知農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例下降，所以(B)為正確答案。

三、解答這類題目需要注意的信息點：

1.日期和數(shù)字。

2.關(guān)鍵詞： 表示多少的副詞: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情態(tài)動詞：may, can , could…;表示過去的：used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的： not only ,not exclusively等。

總之，文中的關(guān)鍵詞，觀點，邏輯和平時的基本常識是解決這類問題的關(guān)鍵。

托福閱讀長難句：成功的欺騙者

The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs of exaggerated begging——such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories——but rather in the damage that any successful cheater would do to its siblings, which share genes with one another. (TPO11, 45)

我是分界線，大家先自己速讀哦。

The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs (of exaggerated begging)——(such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories)——but rather in the damage (that any successful cheater would do to its siblings), (which share genes with one another).(TPO11, 45)

分析：

這個句子主干是：The answer lies apparently not in the increased energy costs but rather in the damage，大家要注意這里的not…but結(jié)構(gòu)，不是…而是

修飾一：(of exaggerated begging) ，介詞短語，修飾costs

中文：夸張的乞討

修飾二：—— (such energy costs are small relative to the potential gain in calories) ，破折號，解釋說明

中文：這些能量消耗相對于可能獲得的能量相比是很少的

修飾三：(that any successful cheater would do to its siblings) ，從句，修飾damage

中文：任何一個成功的欺騙者會對它的兄弟姐妹造成傷害

修飾四：(which share genes with oneanother)，從句，修飾siblings

中文：彼此擁有相同的基因

參考翻譯：

答案明顯不在于夸張的乞討所增加的能量消耗——這些能量消耗相對于可能獲得的能量相比是很少的——而是在于任何一個成功的欺騙者會對和它有同樣基因的兄弟姐妹造成傷害。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長難句：對有聲電影的批判

Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound. (TPO12, 54)

perspective /p?'spekt?v/ n. 透視法，透視圖;遠(yuǎn)景;觀點，看法

strain n. 品種，類型

我是分界線，大家先自己一遍速讀哦。

(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective),a strain of critical opinion inthe 1920s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty (that would soon fade from sight),(just as had many previous attempts, (dating well back before the First World War),to link images with recorded sound).(TPO12, 54)

分析：

這句話的主干就是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920s predicted that

修飾一：(Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective)，從句

中文：雖然從以后的觀點來看很難想象

修飾二：(that would soon fade from sight)，從句，修飾a technical novelty

中文：不久就會從視線里消失

修飾三：( just as had many previous attempts to link images with recorded sound)，從句，大家一定要注意這里的attempts to被插入語(dating well back before the FirstWorld War)隔開了，斷句不要出問題

中文：就好像以前試圖把圖像和錄音連接在一起的許多嘗試一樣。

修飾四：(dating well back before the First World War)，插入語

中文：追溯到一戰(zhàn)以前

參考翻譯：

雖然從以后的觀點來看很難想象，但在20世紀(jì)20年代有一種批判的觀點預(yù)測有聲電影將會是不久就會從視線里消失的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，就好像一戰(zhàn)以前試圖把圖像和錄音連接在一起的許多嘗試一樣。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、插入語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

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