GRE考試寫作技巧
GRE考試寫作技巧,出國考試寫作高分竅門,我們來學(xué)習(xí)吧,下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
GRE考試寫作技巧：出國考試寫作高分竅門
第一段：開頭段。主要是歸納論點(diǎn)，說明論點(diǎn)有問題，存在邏輯漏洞，準(zhǔn)備發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。
第一層：
This argument concludes/recommends/argues that…
第二層：
To support this conclusion the writer cites…/points out that…
第三層：
However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.
第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分類別去攻擊各個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤。(以因果關(guān)系類錯(cuò)誤為例)
One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between… and …, then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations for…For example,… Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead to…Without ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that…
第五段：結(jié)尾段。
作者的結(jié)論似乎是合理的，但是通過論證，不是這樣的。因此作者在做出決定之前，應(yīng)該還要考慮其他情況。我們通過一篇文章作為實(shí)例來介紹Argument的論證步驟和論證方法以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
In the final analysis, the letter's author fails to adequately support the recommendation that…To bolster the argument, the arguer must provide detailed demographic/statistical evidence showing that…The author must also provide evidence--perhaps by way of a reliable survey—that…
GRE issue寫作優(yōu)秀實(shí)例：技術(shù)改善生活
題目：
When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?
當(dāng)研究的重點(diǎn)被置于科學(xué)、教育或者其他領(lǐng)域中時(shí)，最重要的問題就是要考慮如果研究獲得成功會有多少人的生活得以改善。
正文：
As our time and energy are both limited, it seems necessary for us to fix a schedule before we commence to achieve our aims. In the realm of science, technology,education, and many more others, researchers have to decide what job should be accomplished first. The question, however, is often proven too hard for a single researcher to find the answer, since the research and the consequence of it may bring more effects than a single person can imagine. As far as I am concerned, the best research schedule should be set according to both the potential benefits and the potential damages.
As the breakthroughs in various areas being made, we can measure the importance of them by inspecting how many people's lives have been or will be improved by the results. Most people agree that the most significant invention of last century is computer. People come to this conclusion because computer has largely transformed our lives and has made our work more efficient than ever before. As a result of the innovation of computer and the Internet also, the contemporary world is knitted in a web of information, and people all around the world can exchange ideas with each other using instant communications in the cyberspace. Computer is respected as one of the most wonderful inventions through the history, not due to its astonishing speed of calculation or its astounding space for storation, but due to its great impacts on people's lives and works. Other inventions, for example the nuclear weapon, do not receive the same kudos because they cannot bring us such great advantages but even troubles and bales. It seems convenient for us to decide the research priorities by this criterion.
Nevertheless, can we really predict the value of a research in this way? Unfortunately,it is hardly possible. Only if we could foresee things centuries after, could we correctly judge the potential number of people who will be benefited. Take the history of science development for example, when Rontgen accidentally discovered the X-ray, he and other people might only treat the new invention as something interesting and funny,since the new variety of light can go through different obstacles. Years later, however,people finally find X-ray's crucial role in the field of physic for it can help doctors to understand our diseases. Today, every one of us is clear about the profits X-ray has brought, but when the discovery was at its inchoate days or even before the discovery was made, could we probably predict its usage in our hospitals? If Rontgen set his research priority in the way discussed above, it is likely that the discovery of X-ray will date to a rather late period, or even today we would not know about a light which can penetrate into our bodies. Thus, the problem of deciding our schedule is more difficult than we have thought of.
To measure the importance of a research, we must also take into consideration the possible troubles that the research and the results may cause. The research of cloning,one of the frontier subjects nowadays, is so controversial that the scientists alone cannot decide whether or not they should continue their work. Hesitations are made upon cloning research, as the results might mean catastrophe to the whole human race. Before we carefully consider from every perspectives, both technological and social, any further research on cloning will probably raise endless disputes and polemics. Before carrying on certain research, scientists and not only scientists should evaluate the possible benefits and possible damages caused by the results.
The solution to "To do or not to do" and "Which should be done first", the two hardest questions for not only the researchers but everyone, might have to wait a while. We have to remember that it is impossible for us to form a clear image of the aftermath before anything is done. This fact, however, will never impede our marching on the road to success, since throughout the history, our fathers and grandfathers never wait until the consequences are clear before they find determinations in their hearts and minds to unravel the difficulties.
GRE issue寫作優(yōu)秀實(shí)例：自我定位
題目：
It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.
如果我們要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所處的社會團(tuán)體。
正文：
How we human being define ourselves has being one of the most important and basic philosophic questions ever since the ancient Greek philosophy period, which seems even more confusing and mysterious in this era of rapid social and technological changes leading to increasing complexity in both personal life and social environment.The title statement considers "our identification with social groups" the primary element to our self-identification. However, in my opinion, the dual quality of both individuality and sociality of human being calls for a balance in which there is not only social identification but also individual identification within the process of one's self-identification.
Social identification is necessary because everyone lives in a certain social environment, and it is from this social environment that we learn the behavior norms,form the outlook of value, and find the direction of our lives. As Karl Marx, the great German philosopher illustrated brilliantly (and I paragraph), which he regarded as the main key in his whole philosophic system," Human being is a kind of social animal, the essential of a human being is a synthesis of all his or her social relationships." That means, every person acts as different social roles in different time and to different object. As to a man, for example, he is son, husband and father in his family, he is teacher to his students, and also he is a fan of the New York Nicks when he watches the basketball match in the stadium. The process of enjoying right as well as fulfilling incumbency of every role is just the process for one to form his or her integrated human definition. So, undoubtedly, social identification is unavoidable in human self-identification.
Simply put, without being set in some certain social environment, one cannot be properly defined. The best example to this is the wolf-girl found in Amazon forest, who was the only survivor of a severe airplane accident and was brought up by a group of wolfs. The wolf-girl had no psychological characteristics of mankind, she is afraid of staying together with others, cannot communicate with others. Even in physical points,she was more similar with a wolf rather than a human, she stepped with her all fours and ate raw meat. Obviously, one who is of no sociality like a wolf-girl cannot be defined as a real human being.
On the contrary, however, over social identification leads to an assimilation in the whole society, which is in a sense harmful to social development and will probably prevent people from making clear some personalities hiding deeply in one's spiritual world, which is of equal importance in people's self-identification as sociality. Not all teachers are supposed to be kind and affable, some students need a stricter one. Not all employees are supposed to be precise and conservative, some employers prefer a more energetic and adventurous one. The attempt to form people in the same shape was proved a big error and a destructive calamity to the society both in pre-U.S.S.R.under the Stalin's administration and in China in 1970's. To sum up, as mentioned in the famous movie "Legend of the fall", no one can refuse to listen to the voice from his or her own heart, the self-identification without individuality is not an integrated one.
Without social identification, one can not find the origin from which his sense of value,social norms and life plan was drawn, without looking for some inborn characteristics within oneself, one will miss the important part which different him(her)self from others in the society. So while self-definition necessitates sociality, individuality is equally important. Only can a perfect combination of these two aspects lead to a correct definition of human being.
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