托福閱讀難點(diǎn)題型解題思路實(shí)例分析
托福閱讀難點(diǎn)題型解題思路實(shí)例分析, 句子簡(jiǎn)化題做法介紹。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀難點(diǎn)題型解題思路實(shí)例分析,希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀難點(diǎn)題型解題思路實(shí)例分析 句子簡(jiǎn)化題做法介紹
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題怎么做?
托福閱讀的句子簡(jiǎn)化題要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上陰影的一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句簡(jiǎn)化成一個(gè)意思不變的同義句。解答句子簡(jiǎn)化題其實(shí)有一個(gè)規(guī)律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正確選項(xiàng)中一定被同義改寫了，但是句子中的重要的邏輯關(guān)系是不會(huì)變的。知道這個(gè)規(guī)律，解開(kāi)這道題就變得簡(jiǎn)單了。
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題解題技巧實(shí)例講解
下面，我們來(lái)看官方真題Official3Desertification這篇文章的句子簡(jiǎn)化題：
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.
B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.
C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.
D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.
很多托福考生在做句子簡(jiǎn)化題時(shí)，習(xí)慣性地把待簡(jiǎn)化的句子翻譯成中文，那樣做其實(shí)不僅慢，而且很容易亂。
正確的做法是：
1.找出句子的主謂賓，也就是誰(shuí)做了什么，然后關(guān)注句子的邏輯關(guān)系。例題的主語(yǔ)是：seriousness of desertification，邏輯關(guān)系詞是表示原因的：result from，所以我們可以優(yōu)先看有表示原因的選項(xiàng)，他們中若有正確答案，那么剩下的選項(xiàng)就無(wú)需過(guò)問(wèn)了。這樣做不僅快，而且效率高。我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)：A選項(xiàng)中有because;B選項(xiàng)中有because of;所以我們先看這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
2.我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)原因用as well as相連，說(shuō)明是兩個(gè)原因，一個(gè)是影響land和people，一個(gè)是reverse和slowthe process很難。A選項(xiàng)正確表達(dá)了句意，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)把原文中并列的兩個(gè)原因變成了因果關(guān)系，很明顯是錯(cuò)的。
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：Successin colonization...
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析
原句案例：
Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：
Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)
深度分析：
這個(gè)句子的主干就是：
Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)
注意depend on被短語(yǔ)to a great extent(很大程度)隔開(kāi)了，斷句不要出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，后面還有一個(gè)放在后面的形容詞短語(yǔ)(available for colonization)修飾a site
修飾一：(a safe site) ，同位語(yǔ)，解說(shuō)說(shuō)明前面的a site
中文：一個(gè)安全的地點(diǎn)
修飾二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，從句
這個(gè)從句有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜：
where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level
(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介詞修飾放在后面disturbance
注意這里有一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，either or
either removed competing species
or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level
中文：在那里由于焚燒或伐木要么移除了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)物種，要么減低了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)水平和其它負(fù)面的物種間相互影響的水平
修飾三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，從句
中文：入侵物種能夠定居下來(lái)。
參考翻譯：
成功的移居很大程度上依賴于有一個(gè)可用的移居的地點(diǎn)，即一個(gè)安全的地點(diǎn)，在那里由于焚燒或伐木要么移除了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)物種，要么把物種間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和其他負(fù)面的物種間相互影響減少到讓入侵物種能夠定居下來(lái)。
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：Many prehistorians believe...
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析
原句案例：
Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：
Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).
深度分析：
這個(gè)句子的主干是：
Many prehistorians believe that從句
從句中的主干是：
farming may have emerged dependently
修飾一：(in several different areas of the world)，介詞短語(yǔ)
中文：在世界幾個(gè)不同地區(qū)
修飾二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞修飾small communities
中文：迫于人口不斷增長(zhǎng)和可用食物資源減
修飾三：(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，從句
請(qǐng)大家注意此處的斷句問(wèn)題。
從句的主謂被非謂語(yǔ)給隔開(kāi)了。就是它：
(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)
中文：當(dāng)一些小的群落開(kāi)始在地里種植種子去努力保證他們生存時(shí)
參考翻譯：
許多史前學(xué)家認(rèn)為：當(dāng)一些小的群落迫于人口不斷增長(zhǎng)和可用食物資源減少壓力，開(kāi)始在地里種植種子去努力保證他們生存時(shí)，農(nóng)業(yè)可能在世界幾個(gè)不同地區(qū)就獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)了。
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句精選匯總深度解析：Chinese papermakers...
托福閱讀100個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例分析
原句案例：
It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chineseand the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking - in which cellulosepulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets - slowly spread westward.
詞匯講解：
cellulose /'selj?l??z/ n. 纖維素
pulp /p?lp/ n. 果肉;紙漿
extract /?k'str?kt/ vt. 取出，拔出;壓出, 榨出(汁液等);選錄，摘錄
suspend /s?'spend/ vt. 懸掛或吊起某物;使(某物)懸浮;使(某事物)暫停
screen n. (篩煤﹑ 礫石等的)篩子
flexible /'fl?ks?bl/ adj. 易彎曲的，柔韌的， 有彈性的
結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：
It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners (capturedin a battle)(fought near Samarqand)(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751), and the technique of papermaking - (in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets) - slowly spread westward.
深度分析：
這個(gè)句子的主干是：
It has been said that + 從句
從句的主干是：
Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners and the technique of papermaking slowly spread westward
修飾一：(captured in a battle)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾the prisoners
中文：在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中被俘
修飾二：(fought near Samarqand)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾battle
中文：在撒馬爾罕附近
修飾三：(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751)，介詞短語(yǔ)
中文：在751年，在中國(guó)和穆斯林之間
修飾四：(in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of severalplants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets)，從句，修飾the technique of papermaking
注意：從句里面還有一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾cellulosepulp
cellulose pulp (extracted from any ofseveral plants) is first suspended in water
中文：首先從幾顆植物中提取纖維素紙漿懸浮在水中，在精致的篩子上過(guò)濾，然后烘干成有韌性的紙張
參考翻譯：
據(jù)說(shuō)在751年，在中國(guó)和穆斯林之間，在撒馬爾罕附近的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役中，中國(guó)的造紙匠被虜成為囚犯，這樣造紙術(shù)(首先從幾顆植物中提取纖維素紙漿懸浮在水中，在精致的篩子上過(guò)濾，然后烘干成有韌性的紙張)才緩慢向西方傳播。
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托福閱讀難點(diǎn)題型解題思路實(shí)例分析
