托福閱讀備考原則
2020托福閱讀備考原則
托福閱讀是托?？荚囁膯雾椫斜容^容易提分的部分，但各位考友也絕不能因為容易提分就掉以輕心，須知“最安全的地方反而可能是最危險的地方”。下面小編就和大家分享托福閱讀備考原則，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀備考原則：循序漸進(jìn)，由淺入深
1.單詞
多背多記，一定是必須要做的。這里就不多說了。
2.語法
這一條更多的是針對初級水平的筒子們來說，除了背單詞之外，其實就是要打磨語法。我們可以通過一個體系將自己的英語語法梳理一遍，自學(xué)能力不是特別好的話可以找一些課程聽一聽。
當(dāng)大家可以刷10-20套老托福語法真題的時候，其實就已經(jīng)具備了一個初步做題的能力，就可以嘗試直接做官方真題Official，然后再根據(jù)里面的錯題來分析自己的問題。
3.長難句
這一項是幾乎90% 的考生都被打敗的一項，如何提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力，幫助學(xué)員攻克閱讀長難句呢?
(1)判斷是簡單還是復(fù)雜句?
當(dāng)考生拿到一道句子簡化題的時候，首先要做的就是對于題目中出現(xiàn)的長難句進(jìn)行句類的判斷。如果該句只含有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，并且句子各成分都只由單詞或者短語構(gòu)成，那么這個句子就是簡單句。如果該句包含分句，那么這個句子就是復(fù)雜句。
(2)找出主干和句內(nèi)邏輯。
在對長難句的句類判斷之后，考生可以分析這個句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。對于簡單句來說，只要找出這個句子的主干，即主謂賓語。而對于復(fù)雜句來說，考生需要做的就是分析復(fù)雜句內(nèi)部各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。在句子簡化題中最?？嫉倪壿嬯P(guān)系分別有四種：并列、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、比較。要判斷邏輯關(guān)系，考生可以在閱讀過程中尋找相應(yīng)的邏輯詞，如and、but、because等等。
(3)在選項中找到句子主干和邏輯關(guān)系。
當(dāng)考生完成對句子的分析之后，考生就要去看選項了。但是這個時候考生不能只是去看選項，考生要做的是在選項里尋找考生剛剛對句子進(jìn)行分析的結(jié)果：主干和邏輯關(guān)系。在判斷句類和找到主干、邏輯關(guān)系后，考生就來看一下選項。如果選項主干和邏輯齊全，就是正確選項。其余都是錯的。
托福閱讀背景素材之富有的人更長壽嗎
It is a sad fact of socioeconomics that the wealthy tend to lead healthier, longer lives than do the poor. Now scientists have gone a step further, finding a specific hormone that links wealth with a longer life.
社會經(jīng)濟學(xué)里出現(xiàn)了一個讓人難過的事實：有錢人和窮人相比，其生活往往更健康，壽命也更長。如今科學(xué)家又為該事實進(jìn)一步找到依據(jù)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個人的富裕程度和壽命長短是有關(guān)系的，這種關(guān)系來自一個特定的激素。
The hormone is called DHEAS-or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-a natural steroid produced by the brain, adrenal glands and sexual organs. Those with higher levels of DHEAS tend to exercise more, have more hobbies and have closer relationships with friends and family. They also tend to live longer.
這種激素被稱為脫氫表雄酮硫酸鹽，或簡稱“DHEAS”，是大腦、腎上腺和性器官產(chǎn)生的一種天然類固醇物質(zhì)。DHEAS激素水平較高的人往往運動量較大，愛好較多，與親朋的關(guān)系也較為緊密。另外，這些人的壽命也往往更長。
Researchers from the University College London, working on the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, studied thousands of people over the age of 50 and found that wealthier people had higher levels of DHEAS.
倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(University College London)從事英國老齡化縱向研究(English Longitudinal Study of Ageing)的工作人員對數(shù)千名五十歲以上的老人進(jìn)行了研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的富裕程度越高，其DHEAS激素水平也越高。
They also found higher levels of a second hormone-growth factor I (IGF-I)-in those who are wealthier. The two hormones help regulate the body and control reactions to stress.
此外，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，越有錢的人其第二激素──生長因子I(IGF-I)的水平也越高。這兩種激素可幫助調(diào)節(jié)人體機能，控制人體對壓力的反應(yīng)。
'A striking new finding is that the hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS] that predicts life expectancy also follows a social gradient: less wealth, lower levels of DHEAS,' said Prof. Michael Marmot of the university's Department of Epidemiology and Public Health.
倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院流行病學(xué)和公共衛(wèi)生系(Department of Epidemiology and Public Health)教授馬爾默特(Michael Marmot)說，一項引人注意的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可預(yù)測人們壽命長短的DHEAS激素竟然也遵循一種社會變化規(guī)律，即財富越少，激素水平越低。
The implication is that wealth brings freedom and time to eat well, exercise, enjoy various past times and stay closer to family and friends.
這表明，富裕的人們在合理飲食、運動、打發(fā)各種閑暇方面擁有自由和時間，且使得他們與親朋好友相伴的時間也更長。
To some, this might seem like another case where money is destiny. Once again the rich seem to be winning the race and widening the gap, not just in financial terms but also in the far more important measure of life expectancy.
可能對有些人來說，這好像是在說金錢是萬能的。好像有錢人再次贏得了賽跑，并拉大了與窮人之間的距離，不僅是在財富的擁有量上，而且是在更為重要的壽命方面。
What is more, people may be able to produce more of their own DHEAS even if they aren't wealthy, by leading more DHEAS-friendly lives - more exercise, more friendships and more hobbies-though, as the article notes, production of DHEAS is greatest in childhood and teenage years, gradually declines thereafter.
另外，即使你現(xiàn)在不屬于富人行列，或許也可通過多運動、結(jié)交更多朋友和增加個人愛好等生活方式提高自身的DHEAS激素水平。研究結(jié)果指出，童年和青少年時代產(chǎn)生的DHEAS激素量是最多的，此后就逐漸減少。
Of course, if you spend time doing all that, you might not get wealthy.
當(dāng)然，如果你花時間嘗試上述每項生活方式，你不一定會因此而富起來。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one, bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed art glass. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.
France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.
The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement — that function should determine form — was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.
1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?
(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style
(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style
(C) Production techniques for art glass
(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style
2. The word one in line 4 refers to
(A) century
(B) development
(C) style
(D) coloration
3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass ?
(A) The distortion of the glass
(B) The appearance of the glass surface
(C) The shapes of the glass objects
(D) The size of the glass objects
4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles
(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists
(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States
(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world
5. The word prized in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) valued
(B) universal
(C) uncommon
(D) preserved
6. The word overtaken in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) surpassed
(B) inclined
(C) expressed
(D) applied
7. What does the author mean by stating that function should determine form (lines 23-24)?
(A) A useful object should not be attractive.
(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.
(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.
(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.
8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it
(A) clearly distinguished between art and design
(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs
(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past
(D) was easily interpreted by the general public
9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?
(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.
(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.
(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.
(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.
10. According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include
(A) a flowered design
(B) bright colors
(C) modern symbols
(D) a textured surface
PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA
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