托福閱讀三步解題技巧
閱讀在托福四項(xiàng)考察科目里是中國(guó)考生相對(duì)最容易拿高分的一項(xiàng)。因此如果你想達(dá)到一個(gè)比較理想的托福分?jǐn)?shù)，首先建議你保證托福閱讀得分在你的目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)范圍內(nèi)。下面小編就和大家分享三步搞定托福閱讀，來欣賞一下吧。
三步搞定托福閱讀
◆ 第一步：閱讀題干與選項(xiàng)，記憶關(guān)鍵詞句信息。建議你在正式作答之前先快速瀏覽題目及選項(xiàng)，對(duì)題干和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞大體有個(gè)印象，這是為了迅速知曉需要找尋什么答案。劃關(guān)鍵詞這個(gè)方法對(duì)于其他幾個(gè)科目的題目分析也非常有用。
◆ 第二步：快速瀏覽段首(尾)、文首(尾)，了解全文思路。時(shí)間緊任務(wù)重，考場(chǎng)閱讀不需精讀，而需要考生具有快速閱讀的能力。技巧無他，唯有多練。同時(shí)，不要陷入“讀文章一定要讀完”的誤區(qū)，考場(chǎng)閱讀的目的是找到問題的答案。書面英語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣是重要的觀點(diǎn)大多出現(xiàn)在段首、文首(當(dāng)然也可能是作為總結(jié)句或總結(jié)段在最末出現(xiàn))，你只要快速瀏覽這些句、段，就能夠理解文章大意與作者觀點(diǎn)，并根據(jù)第一步劃出的關(guān)鍵詞來定位答案可能的位置。此處有個(gè)竅門是，題目的順序，尤其是細(xì)節(jié)題目的順序，通常和行文順序是對(duì)應(yīng)的。
◆ 第三步：定位具體位置，精讀尋找答案。找到答案可能所在的位置之后，在對(duì)應(yīng)位置進(jìn)行精讀，你就能夠找到問題的答案。找到答案后，在作答之余不妨對(duì)答案在原文中的位置稍作記錄，便于再次檢查。
在閱讀部分，平均一篇文章對(duì)應(yīng)的答題時(shí)間是20分鐘。在日常練習(xí)時(shí)就要注意把握時(shí)間，盡量做到能夠在55分鐘左右高準(zhǔn)確率地完成三篇文章的閱讀題目，這樣比較能夠保證在不熟悉的考場(chǎng)環(huán)境里也能夠穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮。
當(dāng)然，上述方法的前提是考生已經(jīng)具備了一些基礎(chǔ)英語能力，比如擁有基本的托福詞匯水平、能夠理解托福水平的英語語法等。這些基礎(chǔ)能力其實(shí)是聽、說、讀、寫四個(gè)科目都需要的。
托福閱讀經(jīng)典練習(xí)素材之管理壓力的辦法
Stress is a huge problem for us all. Here’s what I’ve learned and apply to manage stress using my creativity.
對(duì)于我們所有人來說，壓力都是個(gè)大問題。我在這分享點(diǎn)我自己學(xué)到的東西：如何用自己的創(chuàng)造力來管理壓力。
1. You don’t have to be a “tortured” artist.
并不是只有“苦難”才能出詩(shī)人
It’s easy to use drugs, alcohol, and other crutches to “enhance” our creativity. We’re too disoriented to be thinking about the future, or the past, and we just focus on what’s directly in front of us. We can express ourselves without these crutches.
用藥物、酒精或者其他的輔助品通常能很容易地“增強(qiáng)”我們的創(chuàng)造力。因?yàn)樗鼈儼盐覀兣院?，讓我們看不到未來和過去，只能著眼于當(dāng)下。(其實(shí)只要主動(dòng)著眼于當(dāng)下)我們即使不用這些東西也能發(fā)揮自己的創(chuàng)造力。
2. Take care of your self. Mind AND Body.
照顧好你自己，心靈與身體都要。
Putting my creativity and my work first, I often neglected to eat, exercise, even stand up from my desk. I spent the whole year in non-stop pain – constant doctors which only caused me to feel depressed, sad and useless. I now realize that how I feel physically (and mentally) is more important than the work I create. Taking care of myself includes all natural remedies such as acupuncture, herbs and vitamins as my only form of medicine. I’m learning how to say no to social pressures, in favor of my own well being.
我曾把創(chuàng)造力和工作放在第一，經(jīng)常忽視吃飯，鍛煉，甚至從桌邊站起來。我花了整整一年的時(shí)間不停地找醫(yī)生治療，而這些只會(huì)讓我感到沮喪、悲傷和無助。我現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到，比起我創(chuàng)作的作品，身心健康更為重要。我照顧自己的方法包括所有的自然療法，如針灸、草藥和維生素(唯一可以算藥物的東西)。為了有利于我自己的幸福，我在學(xué)習(xí)如何對(duì)社會(huì)壓力說“不”。
3. Don’t worry about what other people think of you.
不要擔(dān)心其他人是怎么看待你的
This is easier said than done, but I promise it does come with age. No one cares about what you’re doing unless what you’re doing affects and/or benefits them in some way. A lot of people do offer unsolicited advice, it’s human nature to want to help other people… but if that advice is coming from a place of control or judgement, RUN in the opposite direction.
說起來容易，但做起來難。不過我保證隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，這種想法會(huì)變得容易接受些。如果你所做的事情對(duì)他們沒有影響或者益處，沒有人會(huì)關(guān)心你在做什么。很多人會(huì)提供主動(dòng)的建議，這是人類的天性——想幫助其他人……但如果這個(gè)建議是一種控制或評(píng)判，這就不對(duì)了。
4. Stop Judging.
不要不停地評(píng)判(自己正在創(chuàng)造的東西)
The judgements, awards and critiques of other people are nothing but words constructed as a way of comparing you to someone else. Art is often made to be critiqued, and I love dissecting a good painting or film. However, as the artist, the joy of creativity SHOULD come from the process of creating.
其他人的評(píng)價(jià)、贊揚(yáng)和批評(píng)只不過是些將你與別人比較而說的文字罷了。藝術(shù)往往是需要受到批判的，我喜歡仔細(xì)分析一幅好畫或是一部好電影。然而，作為藝術(shù)家，創(chuàng)造力的喜悅應(yīng)該來自創(chuàng)造的過程。正反饋可以令人為之振奮。評(píng)價(jià)通常是一種衡量成功的方法。最令人感到愉悅的方法是對(duì)你身在何方和你現(xiàn)在所擁有的一切心存感激。
5. Don’t Compare.
不要做比較
Stress is often caused by comparison to others.Most people are not as happy as they portray themselves to be. The best advice I ever heard was this… Don’t compare your inside to other people’s outside. Be open to new experiences, be kind to yourself and accepting of the journey which is life. Being present means not thinking into the future, or harping on the past. The coolest thing about being present is that CREATIVITY LIVES IN THE MOMENT. Each moment is UNIQUE.
與別人的比較往往會(huì)引起壓力。其實(shí)，大多數(shù)人并不像他們所描繪的那樣快樂。我聽過的最好的建議是，不要拿你內(nèi)在的東西和別人外在的東西進(jìn)行比較。學(xué)會(huì)接受新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，善待自己，并接受如旅程般的生活?；钤诋?dāng)下就是不考慮將來，或嘮叨過去。最酷的事情是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性生活在當(dāng)下。每一刻都是獨(dú)一無二的。
6. Your intentions matter.
你的初衷很重要
It’s important to remember why you started doing something. What was your intention? I remind myself to enjoy the process of my creative fun stuff, it’s for me. If others like it, great, but it’s the enjoyment of my creative intention, in the moment, that I treasure.
重要的是你要記住為什么開始做某事。你的初衷是什么?我提醒自己要享受創(chuàng)造樂趣的過程，最終目的是為了我自己的快樂。如果別人喜歡它，這很好，但更為重要的是，它讓我享受到了創(chuàng)作的樂趣。我很珍惜那一刻。
7. Accept Creativity as Work…because who wants a real job anyway?
將創(chuàng)造力視作工作……因?yàn)?，誰想真地工作呢?
The biggest skill is being able to separate yourself from your work. This is helpful in our own creative work. If someone doesn’t like our painting, that shouldn’t send us into a spiral of distress. Newsflash: this happens at any job. We have to work, in order to live. So why not spend your days practicing your craft? Why not spend your days being creative?
我認(rèn)為最大的技能，是能夠?qū)⒛阕约汉凸ぷ鞣珠_。在進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的工作時(shí)，這是有幫助的。因?yàn)殡m然這些只是我們的工作和創(chuàng)造力，而非我們自己。如果有人不喜歡我們的畫，我們不應(yīng)該把自己陷入痛苦的惡性循環(huán)之中。
托福閱讀真題原題+題目
Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.
Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture — that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.
Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an even greater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.
The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture
(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life
(C) How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture
(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed
2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncertain
(B) humble
(C) worthy
(D) unusual
3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of
(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies
(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source
(C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in their diets
(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies
4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) advanced
(B) original
(C) involved
(D) stable
5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations because
agriculture
(A) created more varieties of food
(B) created food surpluses
(C) resulted in increases in leisure time
(D) encouraged bartering
6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the
(A) need to keep records
(B) desire to write down beliefs
(C) extraction of ink from plants
(D) growth of social complexity
7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) repeat
(B) exchange
(C) understand
(D) describe
8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family
relationships?
(A) The extended family became less important.
(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.
(C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient.
(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.
9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT
(A) an increase in invention and innovation
(B) emergence of towns and cities
(C) development of a system of trade
(D) a decrease in warfare
10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?
(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products
(B) It varied according to family size.
(C) It was based on hunting and gathering.
(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grew
themselves.
PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC
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托福閱讀三步解題技巧
