托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂生詞也能做題3招實用技巧講解
托福閱讀的10大題型中，詞匯題可能是出現頻率較高的一種題型了。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x詞匯題看不懂生詞也能做題3招實用技巧講解,希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂生詞也能做題3招實用技巧講解
托福閱讀詞匯題占比數據分析
眾所周知，托福閱讀考試按照官方指南OG上的說法共有10大類題型，而其中詞匯題是數量最多難度也比較低的一種題型。根據多年的數據統(tǒng)計和官方推出的各類學習模考資料來看，在托福閱讀中詞匯題的題目數量占比在15%-20%左右，每篇閱讀文章附帶的題目中都至少會帶上2-3道詞匯題，因此能否順利應對這一題型，對考生確保和提升托福閱讀成績可謂意義重大。
托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂生詞應對技巧介紹
當然，想要順利應對詞匯題，考生不僅需要擁有更足夠豐富的詞匯量，同樣也需要具備應對陌生詞匯也能順利解答詞匯題的能力和技巧。詞匯題雖然看似簡單，只要認識詞匯就能順利做答，但反過來如果考生不認識詞匯，那么解題難度就會直線上升。然而想要做好詞匯題，即使不認識題目中的詞匯，考生仍然是有機會和希望做對的，前提是掌握了以下這3類技巧：
應對技巧1：尋找和熟悉詞匯的關系
The assessment of past rises and falls in sea level requires study of submerged land surfaces off the coast and of elevated beaches on land. Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the California coast north of San Francisco, the height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sea level.
The word "remnants" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. remains
B. regions
C. pints
D. origins
應對托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂詞匯的問題，最主要或者說實用的技巧就是結合文章和題目以及選項中的其它考生熟悉的詞匯來進行邏輯推理和分析判斷，以便推測出生詞的含義。以上面這道題目為例，考生如果不認識remnants這個詞，解題可能就無法進行下去了。那么我們不妨來找一下大家應該會相對更熟悉一些的詞匯，原文中距離remnants最近的一個熟詞是former，這個詞代表了過去，在for instance之后的例子中也再次出現了。然后再看看選項，其中和過去關系最大的應該就是remains了，畢竟想到過去就聯(lián)想到遺留，殘留之類的意思是比較符合邏輯思維的，那么remnants的意思應該也就是remains，這道題的正確答案就是A。
應對技巧2：從上下文中找線索
At night, the solar energy (stored as vast quantities of heat in city buildings and roads) is slowly released into the city air. Additional city heat is given off at night (and during the day) by vehicles and factories, as well as by industrial and domestic heating and cooling units. The release of heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside. The slow release of heat tends to keep nighttime city temperatures higher than those of the faster-cooling rural areas.
The word "retarded" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. disguised
B. added to
C. made possible
D. slowed dow
應對托福閱讀詞匯題中陌生詞匯的第二個技巧是從生詞本身所在的上下文中尋找線索來進行突破。以上面這道題為例，retarded出現在這個句子里：
The release of heat energy is retarded by the tall vertical city walls that do not allow infrared radiation to escape as readily as does the relatively level surface of the surrounding countryside.
很顯然這是個大家比較頭疼的長難句，先來簡化一下，變成：
The tall vertical city walls are doing something to the heat energy because they do not allow infrared radiation to escape.
總而言之就是city wall對heat energy做了點什么以防止radiation escape。這個句子里比較有意思的就是do not allow，現在再回頭去看題目選項給出的這些詞匯，added to和made possible顯然在意思上都是和not allowed有沖突的，可以先排除掉，剩下的diguised不好判斷，heat energy能不能被disguised不好說，但放在這里顯然意思上不太搭，跟整個句子關系不大。這樣一來選項D顯然看上去就順眼多了，不讓infrared radiation逃脫所以要slow down一下heat energyd的釋放也是比較符合邏輯關系的。正確答案也的確就是D。
應對技巧3：詞性判斷排除法
Several dinosaur fossil localities preserve coprolites. Coprolites yield unequivocal evidence about the dietary habits of dinosaurs. Many parts of plants and animals are extremely resistant to the digestive systems of animals and pass completely through the body with little or no alteration. Study of coprolites has indicated that the diets of some herbivorous dinosaurs were relatively diverse, while other dinosaurs appear to have been specialists, feeding on particular types of plants. The problem with inferring diets from coprolites is the difficulty in accurately associating a particular coprolite with a specific dinosaur.
The word "unequivocal" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. deniable
B. unambiguous
C. unclear
D. largely
最后一種應對詞匯題生詞的技巧其原理來自于做選擇題時比較經典的排除法思路。而應用到詞匯題上，比較容易切入的一個排除點就在于詞匯本身的詞性了。來看上面這道例題，選項的4個詞匯里有一個明顯畫風不一樣詞性不對路的詞，就是選項D的largely，妥妥的副詞。而uneuivocal本身很明顯是一個形容詞。所以選項D就可以先行排除掉了。之后再看剩下的3個選項，deniable和unclear意思是比較相近的，都有不確定的含義在里面，而unambiguous的意思則正好相反，是毫不含糊，明確。那么正確選項應該就是B了。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：While accepting that...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites,which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years, a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important.
詞匯講解：
archaeological /?ɑ:ki?'l?d?ik?l/ adj. 考古學的
profile /'pr??fa?l/ n. 側面(像);輪廓，外形
underlying adj. 潛在的，根本的
geometric /?d???'metr?k/ adj. 幾何的
obscure /?b'skj??/ vt. 使不分明，遮掩
symbolism /'s?mb?l?z(?)m/ n. 象征主義
結構劃分：
(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites), (which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years), a number of writers have warned (that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia), (in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important).
深度分析：
修飾一：(While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites) ，從句
中文：雖然接受了這種順序與這些地點的考古圖案相符
修飾二：(which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years) ，從句，修飾sites
中文：這些地方幾千年來充滿了這樣的圖案
修飾三：(that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia) ，從句，注意里面有一個破折號來解釋說明前面的順序：a development from the simple and the geometric to the complex and naturalistic(從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復雜圖案和自然主義圖案的發(fā)展)
中文：但一些作者警告說這種順序的潛在假設——從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復雜圖案和自然主義圖案的發(fā)展——模糊了澳大利亞土著文化的連續(xù)性，
修飾四：(in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important) ，從句，修飾前面的Aboriginal Australia
中文：而在這里幾何圖案的象征主義依然十分重要。
參考翻譯：
雖然接受了這種順序與這些地點的考古圖案相符(這些地方幾千年來充滿了這樣的圖案)，但一些作者警告說這種順序的潛在假設——從簡單圖案和幾何圖案再到復雜圖案和自然主義圖案的發(fā)展——模糊了澳大利亞土著文化的連續(xù)性，而在這里幾何圖案的象征主義依然十分重要。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：archaeologist who coined...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,” suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art, in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.
詞匯講解：
archaeologist /?ɑ:ki'?l?d?ist/ n. 考古學家
coin vt. 創(chuàng)造(新詞語)
geometric /?d???'metr?k/ adj. 幾何的
figurative adj. 比喻的，形象的
pan-構詞成分，意思為：總的，泛的，全的，如pan-African
結構劃分：
Lesley Maynard, (the archaeologist)(who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,”) suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art,(in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals)), (followed by a range of complex figurative styles)(that,unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.)
深度分析：
修飾一：(the archaeologist) ，同位語
中文：考古學家
修飾二：(who coined the phrase“Panaramitee style,”) ，從句，修飾the archaeologist
中文：創(chuàng)造了“Panaramitee style”詞組
修飾三：(in which a geometric style gaveway to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals)) ，從句，修飾rock art
中文：從幾何圖形風格，后來被簡單的輪廓風格(人物和動物的輪廓)取代
修飾四：(followed by a range of complex figurative styles) ，非謂語動詞
中文：再到后來一系列復雜的輪廓風格
修飾五：(that, unlike the pan-Australiangeometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity.) ，從句
中文：不像泛澳的幾何的傳統(tǒng)，更趨向地區(qū)的多樣化
參考翻譯：
Lesley Maynard(創(chuàng)造了“Panaramiteestyle”詞組的考古學家)認為：澳大利亞巖石藝術的順序可以被確定，即巖石藝術從幾何圖形風格，后來被簡單的輪廓風格(人物和動物的輪廓)取代，再到后來一系列復雜的輪廓風格(這種風格不像泛澳的幾何的傳統(tǒng)，更趨向地區(qū)的多樣化)。
托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析：include conducting vessels...
托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析
原句案例：
These include conducting vessels that transport water and minerals upward from the roots and that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body and the stiffening substance lignin, which support the plant body, helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.
詞匯講解：
vessel /'ves(?)l/ n. 船(尤指大船)，艦;容器, 器皿;管狀結構，血管，導管
photosynthetic /?f?ut?sin'θetik/ adj. 光合作用的
stiffen /'st?fn/vt. (使某物)變得(更加)堅硬﹑僵硬
lignin /'l?gn?n/n. ‘化學’木質素
結構劃分：
These include conducting vessels (that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) and (that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) and the stiffening substance lignin, (which support the plant body), (helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.)
深度分析：
修飾一：(that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels
中文：從根部向上運輸水與礦物質
修飾二：(that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels，注意其中有個from to的介詞短語，從葉子到植物體的其余部分
中文：從葉子向植物體內其余各部分運輸光合作用產物
修飾三：(which support the plant body) ，從句，修飾substance lignin
中文：維持植物體的生命
修飾四：(helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) ，非謂語動詞
中文：有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽光之下
參考翻譯：
這些包括導管(用來從根部向上運輸水與礦物質以及從葉子向植物體其余各部分運輸光合作用產物)和堅硬的物質木質素(用來維持植物體的生命，有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽光之下)。
托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂生詞也能做題3招實用技巧講解相關文章：
托福閱讀詞匯題看不懂生詞也能做題3招實用技巧講解
