托福閱讀備考從詞匯到文章全方位學(xué)習(xí)攻略分享

備考托福閱讀除了進行足夠的實際練習(xí)外，考生還需要結(jié)合閱讀解題的各個細(xì)節(jié)環(huán)節(jié)進行針對性地訓(xùn)練，今天小編給大家來托福閱讀備考從詞匯到文章全方位學(xué)習(xí)攻略分享，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀備考從詞匯到文章全方位學(xué)習(xí)攻略分享

托福閱讀全方位備考攻略：積累陌生單詞詞組

看似很簡單，其實落實起來比較困難，這是因為很多句子在通過從句的疊加之后會變得較為復(fù)雜，再聯(lián)合起生詞詞組一起上陣，往往會迷惑住不少考生，查完生詞再查詞組，有時一個段落就能夠整理總結(jié)出不少內(nèi)容，比較耗時，也很需要體力的支撐，更需要有毅力作為輔助條件。不同于泛讀或針對答題的迅速掃讀，精讀需要大家達(dá)到的是對特定字眼、特定語句的精細(xì)化理解，根據(jù)每個同學(xué)的強迫癥程度不同，精細(xì)化的整理也會有所不同。

托福閱讀全方位備考攻略：抄寫并背誦長難句

分析語句中的主干及邏輯，熟悉句型。大家不要覺得抄寫就一定要抄特別難的句子。只要是考生自己喜歡的句子就可以抄，比如地質(zhì)學(xué)相關(guān)的文章中就有不少長難句，大家看到就可以抄寫一下：Glaciers are slowly moving massesof ice that have accumulated on land in areas where more snowfalls during ayear than melts. Snow falls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snowis soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains. As theair space around them is lessened by compaction and melting, the grains becomedenser. With further melting, refreezing, and increased weight from newer snowfallabove, the snow reaches a granular recrystallized stage intermediate betweenflakes and ice known as firn. With additional time, pressure, and refrozenmeltwater from above, the small firn granules become larger, interlockedcrystals of blue glacial ice. When the ice is thick enough, usually over 30meters, the weight of the snow and firn will cause the ice crystals toward thebottom to become plastic and to flow outward or downward from the area of snowaccumulation.

這樣的句子抄多了積累多了大家就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，跟過程相關(guān)的信息是有自己的一定特點的，比如總有一大串動詞出現(xiàn)(transform, lessen, melt, refreeze,reach, interlock, cause… )，比如總有很多的順承連接詞等等，小編就不在這里贅述了，大家自己自己去發(fā)掘總結(jié)。

托福閱讀全方位備考攻略：通讀全段分析概括大意

相信這一步對于大家來講并非難事，我們只需要知道段落的首句通常是主題句，而在掌握了倒三角式的段落總分結(jié)構(gòu)之后，基本上某個語段要說啥我們是能夠提煉出來的;值得注意的事情是，如果段首句之后出現(xiàn)了明顯的特指鏈接詞，又或者出現(xiàn)了強轉(zhuǎn)折詞，那么段落的主旨很有可能已經(jīng)后置;這個時候就需要我們對于文本中的句子具備更強的耐心，找到作者真正要傳達(dá)的東西了。

比如，The contribution of geothermal energyto the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is ina sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of areservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slowgeological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heatreservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, thePhilippines, Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa)the resource ispotentially so large that its future will depend on the economics ofproduction. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurringhot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likelythat in the near future geothermal energy can make important localcontributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economicsare favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermalenergy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energybudget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.

作者究竟想強調(diào)什么信息?是想重點說地?zé)崮芰亢茈y評估嗎?還是想說雖然潛能很大但最終取決于其經(jīng)濟效益?相信大家都能夠分析出是后者。轉(zhuǎn)折詞未必出現(xiàn)在第二句的開頭，這才是我們在分析段落主旨的時候需要注意的，如果不夠敏感，很有可能將其遺漏掉，那么無論是在答修辭目的題還是在答主旨題方面，都會受到影響。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：生物多樣化

Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

(倒裝coincident with concerns…h(huán)as been…=…h(huán)as been coincident with concerns…)

【譯句】在對物種和動物棲息地加速消失表示關(guān)注的同時，人們也越來越認(rèn)識到生物多樣化，即一個特定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中物種的數(shù)量對地球的健康以及人類幸福的重要性。

此句是完全倒裝句，謂語動詞是 has been，真正的主語是has been 后面的內(nèi)容。Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats是表語。

原來的正常語序是： A growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity，the number of species in a particular ecosystem，to the health of the Earth and human well-being has been coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats

其中 the number of species in a particular ecosystem 是插入語，作為同位語出現(xiàn)，用來解釋說明biological diversity。

在這句話真正的主語中有一個 " the importance of A to B" 的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該翻譯為“A對B的重要性”。 原句中就是 "the importance of biological diversity to the health of the Earth and human well-being " 叫做“生物多樣性對于地球和人類幸福健康的重要性"。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：天然維生素

托福閱讀長難句：懷孕魚龍群

There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.

(并列同位語從句reports that…，that…，that…)

關(guān)于天然維生素優(yōu)于人造維生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的營養(yǎng)價值更高，未經(jīng)熏蒸消毒處理的谷物比經(jīng)過處理的好等等報道屢見不鮮，但都沒有得到證實。

分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports

分句2：that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones

分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs

分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like

分句1是整個長句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列關(guān)系，共同構(gòu)成分句1的同位語從句。本句的意思是有很多沒有經(jīng)過證實的報道，然后并列了三個未經(jīng)過證實的報道的從句。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：舉行集會

The focus of life was the agora, the open marketplace where assemblies could be held and where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person. ( TPO43, 50)

assembly /?'sembl?/ n. 集合，集會;裝配，安裝

大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

The focus of life was the agora, (the open marketplace) (where assemblies could be held) and (where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person). ( TPO43, 50)

托福閱讀長難句解析：

這個句子的主干就是：

The focus of life was the agora

修飾一：(the open marketplace) ，同位語

中文：開發(fā)的市場

修飾二：(where assemblies could be held) ，從句

中文：在那里可以舉行集會

修飾三：(where issues of the day, as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom, could be discussed and decisions made by individuals in person) ，從句

其中還有一個插入語：

as well as more fundamental topics such as the purpose of government or the relationship between law and freedom

中文：在那里討論當(dāng)天的問題，以及像政府的目的或法律與自由的關(guān)系這樣的基本問題，并且每個人都做出自己的決定。

托福閱讀長難句參考翻譯：

生活的焦點是集會，集會是一個開放的市場，在那里可以舉行集會，在那里討論當(dāng)天的問題，以及像政府的目的或法律與自由的關(guān)系這樣的基本問題，并且每個人都做出自己的決定。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、同位語和插入語，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀備考之長難句分析：城區(qū)土地擴展

托福閱讀長難句：城區(qū)土地擴展

The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.

(賓語從句what we now know as)

現(xiàn)在可以獲得這些環(huán)繞幾乎每個大城市邊緣地區(qū)的土地，這一可能性激發(fā)了一場房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)的熱潮并造成了我們現(xiàn)在稱為城區(qū)無計劃擴展的現(xiàn)象。

分句1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled

分句2：what we now know as urban sprawl

分句2嵌套在分句1里，即分句1是主句，分句2是賓語從句，主句結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)過精簡應(yīng)該是The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl.

整句話的謂語動詞是 sparked 和 fueled, 兩個并列的動詞。

本句的理解困難還來自于抽象詞fuel，它作為名詞的含義廣為人知，是能源、燃料，作為動詞的時候的意思就可以引申為(供給燃料)激發(fā)，促使、造成。