catti二級(jí)口譯試題及解析
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catti二級(jí)口譯試題及解析
The expansion of the universities since the beginning of World War II and the great increase in number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters, symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers who are now employed by practical men in all institutions. These people, called intellectuals in the sense that they deal with symbols and ideas, have become professionalized in exactly the same sense as the engineer. Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and subsidies for their research.
The professor’s project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university. The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget. The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts. The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent among professional intellectuals.
第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，大學(xué)的數(shù)目不斷增長，本科、甚至是博士畢業(yè)生也與日俱增，從而誕生了大批的技術(shù)人員、助手、演講稿撰寫人、徽章生產(chǎn)商、調(diào)查人員和政策研究員，他們效力于各類務(wù)實(shí)的研究所中。 這些人員主要解決符號(hào)和概念問題，與工程師幾乎一樣高度專業(yè)化，所以人們把它們稱為知識(shí)分子。然而這些人員與工程師還有所不同——他們不需從事繁重的日常例行工作，僅承擔(dān)少量教學(xué)工作，同時(shí)享受政府研究津貼或補(bǔ)貼。
教授項(xiàng)目預(yù)算是其最初的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，使得教師得以在大學(xué)里保持獨(dú)立。研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。大學(xué)的資金償還在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目預(yù)算中占有重要比例。無論來自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。 獲得研究項(xiàng)目是知識(shí)分子的一種真正才能。
分析：
①⑵ The expansion of the universities ⑴ since the beginning of World War II and ⑶ the great increase in
number of college graduates and ph. Ds have produced a corps of technicians, aides, speechwriters,
symbol manufactures, investigators, and policy proposers ⑷ (who are now employed by
practical men in all institutions).
▲ 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以來，大學(xué)的數(shù)目不斷增長，本科、甚至是博士畢業(yè)生也與日俱增，從而誕生了大批的
技術(shù)人員、助手、演講稿撰寫人、徽章生產(chǎn)商、調(diào)查人員和政策研究員，他們效力于各類務(wù)實(shí)的研究所中。
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 動(dòng)詞 expansion→ 不斷增長 increase→ 與日俱增
換序譯法：翻譯順序：⑴⑵⑶⑷
意譯： produce→ 生產(chǎn)(直譯)
→ 誕生(意譯)
a corps of→ 團(tuán)體共同行動(dòng)或共同指揮下的一伙人(直譯)
→ 大批的(意譯)
corps 的含義： a body of persons acting together or associated under common direction eg. the
press corps 記者團(tuán)
難詞的翻譯：這里從 technician 到 policy proposers 共六個(gè)單詞都不是很好翻譯，考生請(qǐng)注意平時(shí)
的積累。
定語從句的翻譯：重復(fù)法
轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：被主交換： who are now employed→ 效力于
省詞譯法： who are now employed by practical men in all institutions 這句中 practical man 解釋為
“實(shí)干家”，但整句翻譯成“他們被各類研究所里的實(shí)干家雇傭”，略顯累贅，因此可以把 man 在翻譯
中省略，譯成“他們效力于各類務(wù)實(shí)的研究所中”即可。
②⑷ These people, called intellectuals in the sense that ⑴ they deal with symbols and ideas, ⑶ have
become professionalized ⑵ in exactly the same sense as the engineer.
▲ 這些人員主要解決符號(hào)和概念問題，與工程師幾乎一樣高度專業(yè)化，所以人們把它們稱為知識(shí)分子。
in the/a sense 解釋為“在某種意義上”。如： What you’ve said is in the sense a great insult to his
dignity. → 你的話語在某種程度上對(duì)他的尊嚴(yán)是一種侮辱。
意譯： deal with→ 對(duì)付;處理(直譯)
→ 解決(意譯)
具體譯法：加字法： symbols and ideas→ 符號(hào)和概念問題問
換序譯法：翻譯順序：⑴⑵⑶⑷
比較級(jí)的翻譯： exactly the same sense as the engineer→ 與工程師幾乎一樣一
轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)翻譯：被主交換： called intellectuals→ 人們把它們稱為知識(shí)分子
③ Unlike the engineer, however, these professional intellectuals are free from much of the routine
grind of daily work: they carry light teaching load and enjoy government and foundation grants and
subsidies for their research.
▲ 然而這些人員與工程師還有所不同——他們不需從事繁重的日常例行工作，僅承擔(dān)少量教學(xué)工作，同時(shí)
享受政府研究津貼或補(bǔ)貼。
正反譯法： free from→ 不需
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：形容詞 → 動(dòng)詞 free from→ 不需從事
名詞 → 形容詞 grind→ 繁重的
grind (noun): a laborious task, routine, or study 苦力，苦差費(fèi)力的任務(wù)、日常工作或?qū)W習(xí)：
light: easy to carry out or perform
eg. Since her accident, she can only do light work.
④ The professor’s project budget is the initial economic base (that supports his independence within
the university).
▲ 教授項(xiàng)目預(yù)算是其最初的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)，使得教師得以在大學(xué)里保持獨(dú)立。
定語從句的翻譯：省略法
⑤ The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the
university, (which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget).
▲ 研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。大學(xué)的資金償還在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目預(yù)
算中占有重要比例?？忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
意譯： sustain: maintain; keep the existence of→ 維持。由于“維持”后的賓語較長，可以先把賓語
譯出，把“項(xiàng)目預(yù)算”作為賓語，用謂語“取決于”連接，句子就比較平衡。
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 動(dòng)詞 existence→ 存在
意譯： overhead→ 上面的;經(jīng)常的(直譯)
→ 重要的(意譯)
定語從句的翻譯：重復(fù)法
⑥ The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on
a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence
rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.
▲ 無論來自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭取相同的項(xiàng)目資
金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：形容詞 → 名詞 contractual→ 契約
介詞 → 動(dòng)詞 for→ 爭取
具體譯法：加字法： project→ 項(xiàng)目資金資
意譯： contract→ 合同(直譯)
→ 項(xiàng)目;研究項(xiàng)目(意譯)
secure→ 保護(hù)(直譯)
→ 得到(意譯)
rest upon→ 建立在 …… 的基礎(chǔ)上(直譯)
→ 必須(意譯)
so that 的翻譯：表示結(jié)果
so that 和 so…that… 在翻譯中一般不是表示“目的”，就是表示“結(jié)果”。前者可以翻譯成“以此”，后
者可翻譯成“從而”，不過有時(shí)兩者的區(qū)別并不明顯。如：
She worked hard so that everything would be ready before 5 o’clock. (目的)
Nothing was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. (結(jié)果)
⑦ The ability to secure contracts is a genuine talent among professional intellectuals.
▲ 獲得研究項(xiàng)目是知識(shí)分子的一種真正才能。
catti二級(jí)口譯試題及解析
經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。中國政府堅(jiān)持實(shí)行以擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需為主的發(fā)展方針，并把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需與調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步，促進(jìn)對(duì)外開放結(jié)合起來。隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，西部地區(qū)的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)將得到充分發(fā)揮，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量和水平將進(jìn)一步提高。
Thanks to the rapid (economic) development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology was laid in the western region of China. With the society enjoying a rather satisfactory stability, and the market economy system being established and improved on a daily basis, providing a favourable market environment for the western region to maintain the sustained and rapid economic growth. While focusing on its policy of expanding the western region, the Chinese government also attaches rather great importance to the restructuring of the economy, the promotion of the scentific and technological development, the deepening of the opening-up policy as well. With the stable advance in the development of the western region, the advantages of the region in resources and economy will be given full play, thus further improving the quality and standard of the economic growth.
分析
① 經(jīng)過二十多年二十多 的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定奠 了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。
▲ Thanks to the rapid (economic) development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology was laid in the western region of China.轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：主被交換
意譯：經(jīng)過 二十多年的快速發(fā)展 →Having experienced the rapid development for more than 20/a
score years (直譯)，這種譯法夜課，而且更易為廣大考生所接受，不過后面的邏輯主語必須是“中國西部地區(qū)”，因此后面可以譯成 the western region of China has witnessed a relatively solid
foundation in terms of material wealth and technology ，各原譯文相比，意思有些改變，因此最好的方式是把“經(jīng)過”處理成“由于”的意思，而主句使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
② 社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步逐 建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)持 快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利有 的市場環(huán)境。
▲ With the society enjoying a rather satisfactory stability, and the market economy system being
established and improved on a daily basis, providing a favourable market environment for the western
region to maintain the sustained and rapid economic growth.
轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法：省略被動(dòng)詞： 市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善 →the market economy system being，考生如果怕自己錯(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
established and improved on a daily basis
增詞譯法： 保持穩(wěn)定 →enjoying a rather satisfactory stability
為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長 →for the western region to maintain the sustained and
rapid economic growth
分詞短語的譯法
③ 中國政府堅(jiān)持實(shí)行堅(jiān)持實(shí) 以擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需內(nèi) 為主的發(fā)展方針，并把擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需與調(diào)整調(diào) 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié) ，推動(dòng)科技進(jìn)步，促進(jìn)對(duì)
外開放結(jié)合起來。
▲ While focusing on its policy of expanding the western region, the Chinese government also attaches
rather great importance to the restructuring of the economy, the promotion of the scentific and
technological development, the deepening of the opening-up policy as well.
轉(zhuǎn)性譯法：名詞 → 形容詞 科技 →scientific and technological
動(dòng)詞 → 名詞
調(diào)整 →restructuring
推動(dòng) →promotion
促進(jìn) →deepening
④ 隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，西部地區(qū)的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)將得到充分發(fā)揮得到充分發(fā) ，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的質(zhì)量和水平將進(jìn)一步提高。
▲ With the stable advance in the development of the western region, the advantages of the region in resources and economy will be given full play, thus further improving the quality and standard of the economic growth.
catti二級(jí)口譯試題及解析
重要時(shí)刻開新局，勠力同心譜新篇
Work Together at the Crucial Moment to Open up a New Chapter
駐蘇丹大使馬新民在蘇青年外交官赴華研修團(tuán)送行招待會(huì)上的講話
Remarks Made by Ambassador Ma Xinmin at the Farewell Party for the Delegation of Young Diplomats from Sudan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to Receive Studies and Training in China
2019年7月29日
29 July 2019
尊敬的蘇丹外交部培訓(xùn)與能力建設(shè)司司長蘇萊曼閣下，
尊敬的蘇丹外交部中國司司長奧馬爾閣下，
各位蘇丹外交部的青年朋友們：
Your Excellency Mr. Suliman, Head of the Department of Training and Capacity Building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sudan,
Your Excellency Mr. Omar, Head of the Department of China Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sudan,
and dear young friends from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sudan,
大家晚上好!今晚我們歡聚一堂，為各位蘇丹外交部同事赴華研修送行。首先我謹(jǐn)代表中國駐蘇丹使館全體同事，熱烈歡迎大家來作客，祝愿大家北京之行順利愉快，相信大家一定會(huì)乘興而去，滿載而歸?？忌绻伦约哄e(cuò)過考試報(bào)名時(shí)間和考試時(shí)間的話，可以 免費(fèi)預(yù)約短信提醒，屆時(shí)會(huì)以短信的方式提醒大家報(bào)名和考試時(shí)間。
Good evening! We are gathered here tonight to give a send-off to the colleagues from Sudan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs who will head to China for studies and training. First of all, on behalf of all functionaries of the Chinese Embassy in Sudan, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all of you here and wish you a comfortable and pleasant trip in Beijing. I am confident that everyone will set out cheerfully and come back with fruitful results.
大家此行適逢非常之時(shí)，意義重大。
Your visit is of great significance as it comes at an unusual moment.
大家此行適逢世界正面臨百年未有之大變局的重要時(shí)刻。以中國為代表的發(fā)展中國家群體性崛起，有力推動(dòng)國際力量對(duì)比朝著均衡化和多極化的方向演進(jìn)。但當(dāng)前單邊主義、保護(hù)主義和霸凌行徑不斷抬頭，特別是美國單方面挑起對(duì)華貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，旨在遏制中國的崛起和發(fā)展，違反國際規(guī)則，破壞國際貿(mào)易秩序，拖累全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。對(duì)于貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，中國不愿打，不怕打，必要時(shí)也不得不打，中美經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的本質(zhì)是互利雙贏，中方始終堅(jiān)持平等對(duì)話協(xié)商是解決問題的唯一正確選擇。
Your visit comes in a crucial period when our world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century. The rise of a group of developing countries represented by China has effectively pushed forward the development of the global power structure toward equilibrium and multipolarity. However, unilateralism, trade protectionism and bullying behaviors are currently on the rise, in particular the trade war unilaterally triggered by the US side to contain China’s rise and development, which violates the international rules, disrupting the international trade order and exerting a drag on global economic growth. China does not want a trade war, but is not afraid of one and will fight one if necessary. The essence of China-US economic and trade cooperation is mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. The Chinese government insists that dialogue on an equal footing is the only way to solve problems.
面對(duì)大變局，中方始終堅(jiān)持多邊主義和國際公平正義，維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國為核心的國際體系，維護(hù)以國際法為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序，維護(hù)以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體系。中方愿與包括蘇丹在內(nèi)的廣大發(fā)展中國家同舟共濟(jì)、凝心聚力，維護(hù)共同利益和發(fā)展空間，為推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體譜寫團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作、互利共贏的新篇章。
Facing the profound changes, China will remain committed to multilateralism and international equity and justice, firmly uphold the international system centered around the United Nations, maintain the international order based on international laws, and safeguard the multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core. China stands ready to work together with a vast number of developing countries, including Sudan, to safeguard common interests and development space and open a new chapter for unity, cooperation and mutual benefit in building a community with shared future for mankind.
大家此行適逢蘇丹正面臨30年未有之大變局的重要時(shí)刻。但無論局勢(shì)如何變化，蘇丹作為中國在西亞非洲地區(qū)重要戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴和“一帶一路”重要沿線國家的地位不會(huì)改變，中蘇人民歷久彌堅(jiān)的傳統(tǒng)友誼和扎實(shí)深入的合作大局不會(huì)改變。兩國始終是風(fēng)雨同舟的好朋友、休戚與共的好伙伴、肝膽相照的好兄弟。
Your visit comes at this vital moment when Sudan is undergoing profound changes unseen in three decades. Sudan’s role as China’s major strategic partner in West Asia and Africa and also one of key countries along the route of Belt and Road Initiative will remain unchanged, no matter how the situation may change. The longstanding traditional friendship between the two peoples and the solid and in-depth cooperation between our two countries will continue. China and Sudan are always good friends that stand by each other regardless of hardships, close partners that share joys and sorrows, and also good brothers that are reliable and sincere to each other.
新形勢(shì)下，我們希望中蘇兩國戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)平穩(wěn)過渡并邁上新臺(tái)階，希望雙方各層級(jí)交往更加密切，政治互信更加牢固，互利務(wù)實(shí)合作更加廣泛，人文交流更加深入，在合作交流中擴(kuò)大共同利益，實(shí)現(xiàn)利益與機(jī)遇共享，讓中蘇關(guān)系更好惠及兩國和兩國人民。
Under the new situation, China hopes the strategic partnership between China and Sudan may secure a smooth transition and advance to a higher level. Both sides should promote closer exchanges at all levels, stronger political mutual trust, wider mutually-beneficial and pragmatic cooperation, and deeper people-to-people exchanges to realize the shared interests and opportunities in our cooperation and exchanges and enable the China-Sudan relations to bring more benefits to our two countries and the two peoples.
大家此行適逢中蘇建交60周年的重要時(shí)刻。中方愿將“一帶一路”倡議、中非合作論壇北京峰會(huì)“八大行動(dòng)”與蘇丹國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略對(duì)接，加強(qiáng)雙方治國理政經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流分享，推動(dòng)兩國務(wù)實(shí)合作取得更多新成果，確保合作的可持續(xù)和高質(zhì)量，助力蘇丹自主發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩國互利共贏。在座各位作為中蘇友好合作關(guān)系的參與者、踐行者和維護(hù)者，相信一定會(huì)為中蘇友好的下一個(gè)60年添磚加瓦、增光添彩。
Your visit comes in an important year marking the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Sudan. China is willing to align the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eight Major Initiatives proposed at the FOCAC Beijing Summit with national development strategies of Sudan, and is committed to enhancing experience sharing on state governance, pushing for more achievements through our practical cooperation and ensuring our cooperation is sustainable and of high quality, in hopes to assist Sudan in pursuing independent development and achieve win-win results. I am convinced that all of you will make your contributions to China-Sudan friendship in the next six decades, as all of you are parties participating in, practicing and safeguarding the amicable partnership between our two nations.
大家此行適逢中華人民共和國成立70周年的重要時(shí)刻。相信各位將親眼目睹新中國成立70年來的偉大成就，了解學(xué)習(xí)中國共產(chǎn)黨和中國政府的治國理政經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)中國文化的多姿多彩，感受中國人民的熱情善良。相信大家一定會(huì)不虛此行，收獲滿滿。
Your visit comes this year marking the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. I am sure that you will see with your own eyes the significant achievements the new China has made in the past seven decades after its founding, learn about the experience in state governance gained by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government, experience the diversity of Chinese culture, and feel the hospitality and kindness of Chinese people. I am confident your visit will be fruitful and successful.
最后祝愿大家度過美好的夜晚!
In conclusion, I wish all of you a pleasant evening!
謝謝大家!
Thank you!
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