gre考試寫(xiě)作銜接詞多多了解

大家一定要多多記住一些gre寫(xiě)作銜接詞，這樣才能讓你的作文更加優(yōu)秀，今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)gre考試寫(xiě)作銜接詞多多了解，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

gre考試寫(xiě)作銜接詞多多了解

gre寫(xiě)作銜接詞舉例：

for instance; for example; such as; consider the fact that;

立即：

immediately; for the time being; in no time; on the spot;

gre考試鑒于此：

for that matter; in that case; for that reason; as for;

可能不是這樣：

(unfortunately)

=>this is not necessarily the case;

this is often/certainly not the case;

this might not be the case;

this need not be the case;

common sense and experience tell us this is not the case/this assumption is a poor one;

=>the argument fails to substantiate this assumption;

perhaps ~that have nothing to do with~;

this argument by anal.y is wholly unpersuasive;

this argument, nonetheless, is based on an oversimplified analysis of the cause of~ and the presumptuous correlation is unacceptable;

=>although this is entirely possible, the argument provides no evidence to support this assumption;

if this is not the case, then it is entirely possible that~;

lacking evidence to confirm this assumption, it is entirely possible that ~;

應(yīng)該：

would have to; should; ought to; must; have to; be required to; would be;

gre寫(xiě)作考試根據(jù)總體的趨勢(shì)：

overall group of~; in general; as a whole; on the whole;

斷言：

assert; claim; postulate; declare; affirm; emphasize; advocate;

反映：

indicate; reveal; reflect; demonstrate; imply; illustrate; infer; predict;

可能性：

possibility; likelihood (in all likelihood); alternative/alternative means of ~; explanation; occurence; validity; legitimacy; credibility;

可行性：

feasibility;

GRE作文范文：Argument

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.

1.The following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products.

"Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Painesville, which has many such residents. Painesville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Painesville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age."

2.The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres to all homeowners in Deer haven Acres.

"Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting."

3.The following appeared in a newspaper article about law firms in the city of Megalopolis.

"In Megalopolis, the number of law school graduates who went to work for large, corporate firms declined by 15% over the last three years, whereas an increasing number of graduates took jobs at small, general practice firms. Even though large firms usually offer much higher salaries, law school graduates are choosing to work for the smaller firms most likely because they experience greater job satisfaction at smaller firms. In a survey of first-year students at a leading law school, most agreed with the statement that earning a high salary was less important to them than job satisfaction. This finding suggests that the large, corporate firms of Megalopolis will need to offer graduates more benefits and incentives and reduce the number of hours they must work."

4."Of the two leading real estate firms in our town---Adams Realty and Fitch Realty---Adams is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents. In contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch, and included home sales that averaged $168,000, compared to Fitch's $144,000. Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago, I listed my home with Fitch and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams."

從GRE Issue考試的官方陳述看issue寫(xiě)作素材的準(zhǔn)備思路

“到底用中國(guó)素材還是美國(guó)素材好?”

“到底什么樣的素材會(huì)吸引考官的眼球?”

“法律類的題目我實(shí)在沒(méi)有例子怎么辦?”

“像牛頓、愛(ài)因斯坦的例子到底能不能用?”

……

我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，要回答上述問(wèn)題，就要先仔細(xì)閱讀一下ETS對(duì)GRE寫(xiě)作的官方陳述：

“The Analytical Writing Measure tests your critical thinking and analytical writing skills. It assesses your ability to articulate and support complex ideas, construct and evaluate arguments, and sustain a focused and coherent discussion. It does not assess specific content knowledge.

The tasks in the Analytical Writing measure relate to a broad range of subjects — from the fine arts and humanities to the social and physical sciences — but no task requires knowledge of specific content. In fact, each task has been tested by actual GRE? test takers to ensure that it possesses several important characteristics, including the following:

● GRE test takers, regardless of their field of study or special interests, understood the task and could easily respond to it.

● The task elicited the kinds of complex thinking and persuasive writing that university faculty consider important for success in graduate school.

● The responses were varied in content and in the way the writers developed their ideas.”

上述的官方陳述中，我們可以看出以下幾點(diǎn)：

1)不考察專業(yè)背景。ETS明確指出：“It does not assess specific content knowledge.”“No task requires knowledge of specific content.”既然如此，素材是否足夠?qū)I(yè)，對(duì)考分是沒(méi)有影響的。也就是說(shuō)，專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的素材不一定能夠?yàn)榭荚嚰臃?。而普通素材也不一定讓考試減分。所以，我個(gè)人覺(jué)得，我們要徹底摒棄issue素材準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中對(duì)知識(shí)背景的過(guò)分依賴。

2)著重考察辯證性思維(critical thinking)和分析性的寫(xiě)作能力(analytical writing skills)。ETS明確指出，GRE寫(xiě)作考試，其實(shí)更關(guān)注于：你的寫(xiě)作是否體現(xiàn)了辯證性思維，你的寫(xiě)作是否論證性強(qiáng)、具有說(shuō)服力。因此，我們其實(shí)不應(yīng)該花很多時(shí)間在素材上，大量的精力應(yīng)該放在論證是否說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)這一點(diǎn)上。

以ETS所給出的官方范文為例，ETS在官方網(wǎng)站和官方指南上都給出了題庫(kù)第一題的從1分到6分的官方范文。其中那篇6分的官方范文，我們通過(guò)剖析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。全文所用的11個(gè)例證沒(méi)有一個(gè)是學(xué)術(shù)性專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的例子。相反，作者所舉的例子都是很普通的、平時(shí)生活中非常常見(jiàn)的例子。以下段落摘自該文的第一段[注1]：

“The statement linking technology negatively with free thinking plays on recent human experience over the past century. Surely there has been no time in history where the lived lives of people have changed more dramatically. A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world. Most people commute to work in an automobile that runs on an internal combustion engine. During the workday, chances are high that the employee will interact with a computer that processes information on silicon bridges that are .09 microns wide. Upon leaving home, family members will be reached through wireless networks that utilize satellites orbiting the earth. Each of these common occurrences could have been inconceivable at the turn of the 19th century.”

這其實(shí)是一個(gè)很值得推敲的issue開(kāi)頭。整個(gè)段落中，作者所使用了三個(gè)例子(car, computer, mobile phone)，均屬很平常很普通的素材。但是，語(yǔ)句的寫(xiě)作非常流暢，讓讀者閱讀之后大腦中產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的畫(huà)面感。由此可見(jiàn)，素材本身不分高低貴賤，用好生活中的很樸實(shí)的素材，也能夠成就GRE寫(xiě)作高分。

此外，還需要關(guān)注的是，普通例子還有一個(gè)極其重要的好處，那就是說(shuō)服力更強(qiáng)。還是拿這個(gè)段落舉例，作者用“A quick reflection on a typical day reveals how technology has revolutionized the world.”這樣一句話把這三個(gè)例子串了起來(lái)，體現(xiàn)出這些例子的典型性和普適性。一定程度上，這樣平常、簡(jiǎn)單的例子來(lái)例證，非但沒(méi)有讓文章“遜色”，反而讓這種論證變得具有極強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。相反，如果你在此舉的例子很特殊很專業(yè)，反而不具有說(shuō)服力。為什么呢?我們學(xué)習(xí)argument考試的時(shí)候應(yīng)該都學(xué)過(guò)一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤叫“hasty generalization”(以小推大)。事實(shí)上，所有的舉例論證，都會(huì)有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Argument中我們要指出這個(gè)邏輯漏洞，而在issue寫(xiě)作中，我們就要盡量避免這個(gè)邏輯漏洞。如何盡量彌補(bǔ)?就是依靠樸實(shí)無(wú)華的日常生活中的例子。而盡量避免學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng)，專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的例子。

為什么要提這一點(diǎn)呢?因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，GRE issue一直給學(xué)生甚至部分老師一種幻覺(jué)，那就是：既然是學(xué)術(shù)考試，就必須要把文章寫(xiě)得很學(xué)術(shù)。比如，凡是出現(xiàn)法律類的題目，就必須把法律的基本假定、法律的意義這些東西要闡述清楚。這種認(rèn)識(shí)，在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，哪怕是在現(xiàn)在，依然普遍存在。不少GRE寫(xiě)作老師甚至某些GRE寫(xiě)作參考書(shū)，對(duì)學(xué)生的這種認(rèn)識(shí)也起到了推波助瀾的作用。普遍地，同學(xué)們會(huì)選擇“難”、“深”的素材來(lái)作為寫(xiě)作素材，覺(jué)得在考試中所運(yùn)用的素材越專業(yè)越艱深，就越能體現(xiàn)出自己深厚的學(xué)術(shù)功底。而實(shí)際情況并非如此。在我所接觸的學(xué)生習(xí)作中，不乏有使用專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)、而寫(xiě)得并不理想的文章。以下為典型的一例：

(學(xué)生習(xí)作)11. People's behaviour is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

The statement indicates that people behave according to external forces instead of their own idea. However, as the great philosopher Karl Marx said, all the things are determined by inner world, since internal elements are decisive while external factors merely play a role of catalyst. Consider the process of decision making, which people's behaviour depends on. No matter how powerful external forces are, it is people themselves that decide whether they yield to the forces or insist on their own belief or follow their hearts when pressure from external forces and ideas in inner world are controversial. Accordingly, for this matter, I would like to stand the side Marx holds.

To start with, we should acknowledge that behaviour is depended on decision. As Cognitive Behaviour Theory proves, people's behaviour directly results from decision. Only after thinking and decision can people set out to do something. Based on this assumption, therefore, it is necessary for us to have a look on the process of decision making.

People's behaviour can be classified into two groups. One is instinctive behaviour which regareds people as a kind of animal, and the other is social behaviour. However, as people are a kind of social animal with brilliant mind, instinctive behaviour such as seeking for water, food and sacurity, in terms of people, is nevertheless controlled by brains. For instance, soldiers can suffer from thirsty and hunger during wars, students will stop eating when class starts for the sake of respecting teachers, although they may extremely hungry. Thus, despite instinctive behaviour may determined by forces on other kinds of animal, people behaves after their decisions.

Social behaviour, the other group, is more clear to see dependence on decision. Large number of theories study decision making and factors influencing decision. Communication and psychological theorists developed consistency theory, which offers us a powerful testimony on people's own decision when facing conflict choice. All consistency theories begin with the same premise: people are more comfortable with consistency than inconsistency. Therefore, people tend to initially seek mental balance facing conflicts. Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, who is the unique one holds different idea with others, to change idea, but for seeking mentally balance, the individual tends to follow the majority. In this way, decision changes, on one's own making.

Similarly, in terms of economics theory, game theory provides a method of studying decision making, which also strengths people's own tendency to maximum the benefit and minimum the loss .Take laws, a definitely type of forces out of people's mind, for example. Laws forbid people in a variety of aspects. No matter what individuals thinks, laws regulate people's behaviour. And during one's decision making on whether he is going to drive or not after drinking beer, for example, he is bound to weigh benefits and loss. Laws doubtless play a role of affecting his decision.

上文給讀者的最大印象是“難懂”。而且作為寫(xiě)作老師，我完全想象得出來(lái)，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的過(guò)程也同樣是極其痛苦的。作者非常希望自己能夠?qū)懗鲆黄苌羁痰奈恼?，可是?duì)于一個(gè)對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的駕馭能力不是特別高的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，寫(xiě)這樣的文章就會(huì)出現(xiàn)被“憋”住的情況。即：想表達(dá)但不會(huì)表達(dá)、或者想表達(dá)但不知如何表達(dá)的情況。本文中，這種例子不計(jì)其數(shù)。全文從第一段開(kāi)始，就引用了社會(huì)行為學(xué)和社會(huì)心理學(xué)的理論來(lái)進(jìn)行闡述，但是，所有讀者在讀文章的過(guò)程中，幾乎要每讀一句話就要停頓一下，想一想作者到底要表達(dá)什么。比如，第四段第一句話：Social behaviour, the other group, is more clear to see dependence on decision. 這種句子，就是典型的讀者大致能夠知道作者想表達(dá)什么，但就是不會(huì)表達(dá)的情況。更為典型的就是第四段的倒數(shù)第二句：Even though external pressure does not obviously force one, who is the unique one holds different idea with others, to change idea, but for seeking mentally balance, the individual tends to follow the majority. 此句話層次非常不清楚，讓讀者讀后完全不知所云。事實(shí)上，這種寫(xiě)作常常會(huì)讓文章陷入“死局”——作者很痛苦，同時(shí)讀者也很痛苦。作者想表達(dá)但不會(huì)表達(dá)，讀者想弄清楚作者的意思但反復(fù)讀還是弄不清楚。出現(xiàn)這種情況的主要原因，其實(shí)就是文中所使用的寫(xiě)作素材理論性過(guò)強(qiáng)，導(dǎo)致過(guò)于抽象。我們知道，無(wú)論是哪門(mén)語(yǔ)言，表達(dá)抽象概念的難度要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于表達(dá)具體事例的難度。這幾乎成為了所有人全都認(rèn)同的常識(shí)。因此，如果沒(méi)有能力來(lái)駕馭這樣的文章，想辦法把文章寫(xiě)得更加“簡(jiǎn)單”才是明智之舉。而且，既然ETS已經(jīng)明確指出，是否了解專業(yè)背景對(duì)于文章分?jǐn)?shù)的高低沒(méi)有任何影響，這就說(shuō)明把文章寫(xiě)得艱深是完全沒(méi)有必要的。既然如此，那就索性不要選擇理論性專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的素材。

很多同學(xué)在骨子里害怕GRE issue考試，例子是其中的一個(gè)致命問(wèn)題。而事實(shí)上，我們根本不用擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗械脑掝}，我們其實(shí)都有辦法用日常生活中的例子就完全能夠應(yīng)付。比如，涉及類似法律領(lǐng)域的題目，就沒(méi)有生活的例子了嗎?當(dāng)然不是!交通法規(guī)、食品安全、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、保護(hù)環(huán)境、盜版、甚至義務(wù)教育法，都是阿!哪一個(gè)不可以舉例?!為什么一定要舉辛普森案件、十四修正案呢?藝術(shù)沒(méi)有生活的例子了嗎?文學(xué)、影視中的好例子比比皆是，為何一定要舉莫扎特、貝多芬呢?如果把這些例子準(zhǔn)備好，那是非常棒的。既好寫(xiě)、又具有說(shuō)服力，何樂(lè)而不為呢?

當(dāng)然，必須要指出的，本文的觀點(diǎn)是基于ETS官方陳述的解讀和中國(guó)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作的實(shí)際情況入手進(jìn)行分析的。并不代表所有同學(xué)都一定要沿著這條思路走。專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的例子不是不可以，而是具有劣勢(shì)。但這并不表明每一個(gè)學(xué)生都寫(xiě)不好專業(yè)性強(qiáng)的例子。所以，同學(xué)們要根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行選擇。如果某個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)性素材你非常熟悉而且寫(xiě)起來(lái)得心應(yīng)手，當(dāng)然是可以的。