托福獨立寫作高分段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
托福獨立寫作高分段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀 ,作文沖刺25+要從基礎(chǔ)入手。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈＊毩懽鞲叻侄卧u分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福獨立寫作高分段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀 作文沖刺25+要從基礎(chǔ)入手
托福獨立寫作高分段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹
5分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
Effectively addresses the topic and task
Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence
Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
Effectively addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated
Is well generally organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression or unclear connections
Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and range of vocabulary, though it may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.
3分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:
Addresses the topic and task well using somewhat developed explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connections of ideas may be occasionally obscured
May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.
May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary
托福獨立寫作高分段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
看了上面的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)針對托福獨立寫作，主要就是依據(jù)四個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行打分：
1. 切題
一般來說，獨立寫作完全跑題的情況很少，但是在審題時，有些同學(xué)們可能會不完整地理解題干問題，忽略了關(guān)鍵的定義，解釋，或者邏輯關(guān)系。面對多樣的獨立寫作出題，同學(xué)們一定要把握核心的審題視角，從“建議行為類”“現(xiàn)象事實”2類經(jīng)典題型出發(fā)，發(fā)散式地把握“絕對類”“對比類”“邏輯關(guān)系類”等題型的立論方法;另一方面，很多考生在論證展開時所采用的論據(jù)，比較容易出現(xiàn)跟主題關(guān)聯(lián)性不大的情況，即局部答非所問的現(xiàn)象，從而影響了得分。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)
這一點的關(guān)鍵在于文章論證的展開，是否提供了大量的細(xì)節(jié)和例子來支持觀點，而非泛泛而談地說理。那么，如何開展論證呢?小站君在這里給同學(xué)們一些經(jīng)典的方法：
例證法：選用一些“經(jīng)歷”“事實”進(jìn)行合理地分析展開。
細(xì)節(jié)分析法：“例子不夠，細(xì)節(jié)來湊”。同學(xué)們一定有過沒有例子可舉的情況，那么，這時候就應(yīng)該應(yīng)用“總——分”思維，對主題句或者理論部分進(jìn)行層層具像化地分析，所謂 “細(xì)節(jié)盡頭顯真實”。盡頭很難達(dá)到，但同學(xué)們可以努力對分論點進(jìn)行至少2～3層的遞進(jìn)分析，分論點的合理性必會有所提升。
排比舉例：分論點概念太寬泛? 同學(xué)們可以采用列舉平行的2～4個例子分別展開，保持列舉時時句式的相似性，加強(qiáng)氣勢和論證效果。
對比法：論證的“靈丹妙藥”，玩轉(zhuǎn)“非正面對比”和“正面對比”。
因果法：明確推論的起點和終點，在推論時“動之以情，曉之以理”，結(jié)合案例細(xì)節(jié)開展連續(xù)性的歸納論證，并使用歸納性的邏輯聯(lián)結(jié)詞串聯(lián)層層遞推的內(nèi)容，使得段落論證有力，邏輯連貫。
3. 連貫
內(nèi)容連貫一致的文章通常全文圍繞中心論點展開，而不會論據(jù)自相矛盾，也不會重復(fù)論證，有時候通過一些表示因果、先后、遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系連詞可以起到粘合劑段落的作用，加強(qiáng)文章的整體性和連貫性。
4. 語言
托?？荚嚱K究是語言考試，最終還是要考查考生的語言運(yùn)用能力，但是要注意的是，并不是要求考生通篇都用難詞偏語長句，而是要會變化著用一些美國人常用的語句把自己的想法表達(dá)清楚，所以建議考生盡量多閱讀native speaker創(chuàng)作的議論文/范文和模仿英文原版材料，這樣寫出來的文章才能夠原汁原味。
托福寫作范文：要想取得成功必須接受新觀點
2016年托福寫作真題題目：
6月18日托福獨立寫作真題回顧
To be a successful person, one must be open to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind. (160618大陸)
6月18日托福獨立寫作點睛：
題目大意：要想取得成功，人們必須要接受新的觀點并且愿意改變自己原有的觀點。此題目選擇同意比較好寫，在去想分論點時，有兩種方式可以用：第一種就是去想why, 理由一：接受新的觀點可以更好地適應(yīng)變化的環(huán)境;理由二，接受新的觀點可以與別人建立良好的關(guān)系。第二種去拆分舉例，拆分職業(yè)： 第一種職業(yè)IT 行業(yè)的人;第二種職業(yè)老師。
6月18日托福寫作真題-獨立寫作
此次試題出現(xiàn)了A,B卷
A: A/D: To be a successful person, one must open up to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind.
B: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: people should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to be successful.
A卷題目是絕對詞類話題;B卷題目為建議類話題/二選一話題). 注意區(qū)別處理這兩類題目。
以A卷題目為例：處理此類文章需要弱化絕對詞，并給出其他合理的方式。關(guān)于此題，可以按以下方式組織文章：1)開頭段-主題段一(去絕對詞做讓步段處理，寫我方的好處)-主題段二(要成功的因素1)-主題段三(要成功的因素2)-結(jié)尾段;2)開頭段-主題段一(優(yōu)點一)-主題段二(優(yōu)點二)-主題段三(優(yōu)點三)-結(jié)尾段(小讓步+綜合其他可以使人成功的因素)。
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作范文參考一:
6月18日托福獨立寫作范文如下：
Under the current society full of intense competitions, how to achieve success has never failed to arouse deep concern and interest among the general public. Thereof, a good deal of accomplished businessmen and elites are strong believers of the claim that to be a successful person, one must be open to new ideas and willing to change his or her mind.Towards such a complicated issue, I am in favor of the above claim for the following reasons.
In the first place, being receptive to new ideas can help people to better adapt to the constantly changing environment and thus become successful. As is common sense, no matter what fields or areas you are engaged in, change has become the perpetual topic, which means that what you held firmly onto before may become outdated and even misleading overnight. In other words, only those people with open mind towards new things can keep pace with the changes of time and are more likely to achieve success. By contrast, rejecting any new ideas and never changing one's mind, people will be gradually surpassed or even replaced by other competitors. A good case in point is the collapse of Nokia Company, the once most famous cell phone brand. On account of showing no acceptance to the new operating system Android, the Nokia has announced bankruptcy and has been acquired by Microsoft Company. The same logic can apply to any individuals who are stubborn.
Besides that, embracing new ideas can help people to build harmonious rapport with more people, leading to the higher likelihood of becoming successful. More scrutiny has made it conspicuous that an attitude of open-mindedness is strongly correlated to one's popularity among others, especially in a work team. The underlying reason is that anyone who has a willingness to listen to new thoughts tends to leave a good impression and thereof gains help or assistance from others when faced with troubles in the path to success. Also, being open-minded helps you work through interpersonal or intra-team conflicts that arise when people work in close quarters. By contrast, insisting on one' own view stubbornly usually not only build a barrier for establishing the friendship but also serves as the origin of quarrel or conflicts with other people. Put it another way, people without a spirit of listening and cooperation have difficulty in completing any projects, let alone, become successful.
Indeed, accepting new ideas may make people feel uncomfortable, because they are forced to get out their comfort zone. However, the above reasoning does not bear deep analysis. To illustrate, it is an indisputable fact that success relies on nothing but innovation driven by constantly taking in original and creative ideas and thoughts. Consequently, factoring what has been mentioned above, we can conclude that showing acceptance to new ideas and changing one's mind accordingly are of great necessity for the sake of achieving success.
托福寫作寫作參考二:
Everyone is longing for success; therefore, everyone eagerly searches for every method to reach that end. Having an inclusive and open would definitely serve as a good panacea for everyone who wants to achieve something in the life. Nevertheless, it is not the only way toward one’s heyday, for one’s success derives from the combined factors, like tenacity and resilience.
Admittedly, a man with an open mind for new ideas is half way for success, for these innovative ideas and philosophies offer one with another outlook when facing a deadlock or dilemma. What’s the most important, new idea brings about creation to our life. The modern society has witnessed the rapid and pervasive changes of technologies along with subtle social reforms. It is the new ideas from other people and other places that lead James Dyson, the inventor if G-force vacuum cleaner, to a great success; it is embracing the new method from the excellent athletes that helps Jimmy Li create his special set “Jimmy Li Jump”.Furthermore, changing our mind and listening to the new ideas from others is conducive to cooperate with other people. A man cannot succeed without the assistance from others. An open mind for new ideas and thoughts are easy for people to share different ideas, therefore, it is beneficial for cooperating within certain groups or teams. A cooperative people would certainly get more help, thus to succeed in a more earlier way. However, an open mind for outside ideas is surely the only way for one to succeed, for there are a lot of other people gaining success through other ways!
Being tenacious and persistent represent a continuous effort in one’s specific career. The secret to happiness is hard work and effort, not “quick-fixes”. Great ideas only cannot guarantee one’s efforts and actions. Only by the down-to-earth efforts and hard work can the final success gained! If James Dyson did not experiment for over 5200 times after he got a new idea from others, we would not have witnessed the birth of this new and highly efficient vacuum cleaner. Therefore, tenacity and persistence provide a sure way to one’s success.
Furthermore, a positive and optimistic attitude towards failure can also serve as a facilitator for one’s success. A lot of people failed because they feared the new challenges or feared to fail again. People with negative attitudes may be loath to take action even if they embrace new ideas from others. A positive mindset can serve as a catalyst for one’s success. If James Dyson didn’t hold hopes for his production promotion and give up during his experiment, we would have seen his products prevail the global market. Thus, a sound mindset and positive attitude propels one to success.
In a nutshell, a successful person is not made just in one day. A lot of factors contribute to a successful people, like new ideas, tenacity and a positive mind, to name just a few. Only in this way can a person expect success as soon as possible!
托福寫作范文：城市領(lǐng)導(dǎo)如何保障城市繁榮
2016年托福寫作真題題目：
5月22日托福獨立寫作真題
As the leader of a city, what would you doto ensure the prosperity and success of the city?
A. creating job opportunities for theunemployed;
B. lowering food price;
C. providing affordable housing
5月22日托福獨立寫作范文(新東方 趙波)
題目大意：作為一個城市的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)想要保障城市的繁榮，要做以下三項：為失業(yè)人員提供就業(yè)機(jī)會，降低食物價格，提供經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房。波波建議選擇為失業(yè)人員提供工作，證明其重要性，然后另外一段將兩個選項的不必要性闡述明白。
托福寫作模板及參考答案：
托福寫作范文參考一:
In a society changing amazingly, that how to gurantee the prosperity and success of a city， the common target of all citizens，has always been brought under the spotlight of the massive media. When talking about which factor plays the most crucial role in ensuring city's smooth development, among creating job vacancy, lowering food price or adjusting housing price, people’s notion varies from one to another. From my perspective, providing job opportunities for the unemployed is the best choice.
In the first instance, offering job vacancies to the laid-offs will not only guarantee the social security and safety but also strengthen the purchasing power of the public. For one thing, given the indisputable fact that the unemployed without any income are likely to commit crimes such as theft of wallets or burglaries due to lack of daily necessities, it is self-evident that the greater the number of laid-offs is, the more unstable our society will become. Therefore, after satisfying their basic needs of life with the income from the job offered by the government, they will no longer be a threat to the stability of the whole society, which is the solid foundation for social progress and prosperity. For another, as long as citizens with jobs have more free disposable money and thus possess stronger purchasing monitory power, the various industries will be stimulated and propelled to a large extent. To be specific, with the accruing wealth, an increasing number of people will purchase a private car to commute to their office, with the result that the whole industry of automobiles will experience a booming period. The same logic can also be true of other industries and fields.
Furthermore, there are obvious disadvantages of the other two policies, lowering the food price and making the price of house affordable. Despite the fact that keeping the food price low and providing affordable housing will lessen the financial burden of the dwellers in the city in a short term, these two practices would hinder the future success of the whole society. To illustrate, the low price of food will definitely decrease the income of food producers, especially the farmers who support their family by selling what they plant and raise. As a result, they are likely to have great difficulty in making their ends meet, thus ending up becoming homeless or jobless. Also, in a long run, increasing housing affordability will put a damper on the citizens’ passion for creating wealth and thus decrease the dynamics of the whole society. Specifically speaking, when the price is so cheap that nearly everyone can afford it with ease, no one will work hard any more.
In a nutshell, I am convinced that the most effective and efficient way to boom a city is to create more job opportunities for the jobless.
托福寫作寫作參考二:
All governments on the planet engage in finding the best methods to develop their country into a more powerful nation with abundant resources. These methods are supposed to cover as many people as possible and with no doubt, be effective enough to bring about profits as soon as possible. Among all the approaches that are aiming at advancing a country, I firmly believe that the issues associated with food is more important and should be paid more attention to by countries.
First of all, under no circumstances can human live without food supply, which is the premise of all human activities. As a result, solving the problems in agriculture and the availability of food to all people is an essential factor in the development of a country. When people have rice to eat, they have more energy to work in the fields; when people are supplied with meat, they are more passionate in manufacturing crafts and tools; when people have cheaper fruits on the markets, they become more willing to serve his customers at work; when people have easier access to clothes, they are more inspired in doing researches and experiments. No progress can be made with hungry stomachs.
Second, it is easier to advance agriculture than to create more job positions for unemployed workers. Increasing agricultural production depend largely on good command of planting or farming knowledge and technology. For the knowledge aspect, information can be obtained through diverse channels like books, magazines and the internet, where information is not only authorized but also comprehensive. For the technology aspect, the governments can either invest in researches in crop properties or genetic modification or purchase equipment or technology from those few highly developed countries who fulfill the responsibility to help more other countries. Nonetheless, creating work opportunities is not that easy, since companies, either state owned or privately owned, have certain precise requirement for the number of workers according to the types of business they undertake and current situation of the market.
Finally, promoting the food industry benefit more people than affordable housing can do. As we have discussed above, food is needed by everybody and better agricultural conditions make a so great difference that it extends how far a government can go. In contrast, few people need houses, especially in this modernized society, as a direct consequence of building more housing apartments, most individuals already possess a house to live in, where means whether the houses are affordable or not has little or no influence on the overall development of the country.
To sum up, I believe what we eat means more than what we do and where we live. The leaders of all countries should focus more on the improvement of food availability and more and more people will live a happier life.
