如何在雅思寫作中巧用各種句式獲得高分

如何在雅思寫作中巧用各種句式獲得高分?今天小編就給大家?guī)砹巳绾卧谘潘紝懽髦星捎酶鞣N句式，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

如何在雅思寫作中巧用各種句式獲得高分

同學(xué)們不難從官網(wǎng)上找到評(píng)分的四項(xiàng)要求，其中有一項(xiàng)“Grammatical Range and Accuracy”，是同學(xué)們覺得比較難提高的。這一項(xiàng)對(duì)于滿分的要求有一條的是“Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.” 這一條要求的精髓就在于“wide range of structures”，也就是說同學(xué)們要能夠在寫作中體現(xiàn)出能運(yùn)用各種句式結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，包括簡(jiǎn)單句、各類從句、分詞短語、并列句等等。

然而，同學(xué)們?cè)趯憟D表作文的時(shí)候最常碰見的困擾之一就是覺得句型太過單一、單調(diào)。但是只要同學(xué)們按照評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有意識(shí)的去進(jìn)行句式的變化，避免句式的重復(fù)其實(shí)一點(diǎn)也不是難于上青天的事情。

避免句式重復(fù)的第一個(gè)方式就是運(yùn)用英語的各種句式結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂的英語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，在寫作中其實(shí)只有很有限的四個(gè)：簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句，復(fù)合句和復(fù)雜句。小作文中常用的除了簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句之外，復(fù)合句是同學(xué)們需要掌握的重點(diǎn)。

1 固定賓語從句

仔細(xì)研究劍橋系列考官的范文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，小作文中常用的復(fù)合句其實(shí)就是賓語從句，定語從句和狀語從句。

e.g. 舉個(gè)栗子，在《劍8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句話：

The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.

還有《劍7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段：

the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...

《劍7》的Test 4的最后一段：

it is clear that...

大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，賓語從句常用在開頭，結(jié)尾或者兩段過渡句的寫作中。

2 翻新定語從句

定語從句是同學(xué)們復(fù)合句中用的最普遍的，也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要滿足對(duì)于定語從句的出彩使用，同學(xué)們可以參考《劍9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句話：

e.g.《劍9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.

這里考官并沒有用“常規(guī)”的which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而是使用了“介詞+關(guān)系詞”的方式，使得句子變得高大上了許多。類似的用法在《劍5》的Test 1中最后一段話也有出現(xiàn)。

可以看出比較容易操作的方式是在句子后出現(xiàn)時(shí)間的時(shí)候，使用during which或者by which這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以將具體圖表變化的趨勢(shì)寫出來，或者可以直接使用關(guān)系副詞中指代時(shí)間的when。

e.g.《劍8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.

3 巧用狀語從句

e.g.《劍7》Test 2 Although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.

這里用了讓步狀語從句來表示位置最低的線，那我們不難得出結(jié)論：在動(dòng)態(tài)圖中，表述最大的數(shù)值或者最高的柱，其實(shí)都可以使用讓步狀語從句。

比如這樣一個(gè)句子Courses made up the largest proportion in factors that influenced students’ choice and its percentage decreased from 40% to 34%.

如果我們使用讓步狀語從句，就可以變成了：Although Courses made up the largest..., its percentage still decreased...這樣，并列句就可以很好的轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語從句了。

e.g.《劍6》Test 3 This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.

時(shí)間狀語從句是流程圖中常用的句式，還有常用的連接詞為while, since, when, after和before。

e.g.《劍5》Test 1While the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period.

4 合并并列句

在小作文的寫作中，中國學(xué)生最常用到的除了簡(jiǎn)單句就是由and或者but, then引導(dǎo)的并列句。那么避免過多并列句重復(fù)的一個(gè)很好的方式就是使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，即：分詞做狀語或者獨(dú)立主格。

《劍7》Test 2中，對(duì)于雞肉這條線的描述，同學(xué)們都會(huì)描述為：雞肉的消耗量顯示出一個(gè)上升的趨勢(shì)，并且在1980年超過羊肉，在1989年超過了牛肉。大部分同學(xué)第一反應(yīng)的句子都是：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend and it overtook lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.

在這個(gè)句子中，and連接了兩個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句，但兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語是一樣的，這個(gè)時(shí)候同學(xué)們就要想到分詞作狀語，省略其中的一個(gè)主語，這個(gè)被省略的主語和它的動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以overtook變成現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，那么這句話就合并為：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980...

合并之后的句子既簡(jiǎn)潔，也能夠符合歐美人的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，考官當(dāng)然就會(huì)欣然給分。類似的表達(dá)方式還可以在很多的考官范文找到例證。有的同學(xué)可能會(huì)問，如果并列句的主語不一樣呢?

e.g.《劍8》Test 1 These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having a much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.

在這句話中，兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句主語不一樣，考官采用了獨(dú)立主格的方式，將想要置于從屬地位的簡(jiǎn)單句主語保留，動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)關(guān)系就變成了現(xiàn)在分詞，然后加上了with，讓原本的并列句馬上顯的高大上，得分自然也就高大上了。

5 主語多樣化

以上的這些改換句式的方式可以很好的起到避免句式重復(fù)的方式，但是如果滿篇都是不同復(fù)合句的堆砌，多少會(huì)顯的文章過于矯情，這個(gè)時(shí)候變換簡(jiǎn)單句就能很好的起到調(diào)節(jié)的作用。變換簡(jiǎn)單句最直接的方式就是變換主語。英文的主語不同重點(diǎn)也會(huì)發(fā)生變化，所以能夠有效的起到避免重復(fù)的作用。最常用的變化主語就是there be句型。

e.g.《劍5》Test 1 A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan.

在這個(gè)例句中，考官使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)，并且用了上升的名詞形式做了主語，使得簡(jiǎn)單句也變得“不簡(jiǎn)單”了。同樣的用法還出現(xiàn)在考官的其他范文中。

e.g.《劍9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2000.

最后一個(gè)可以當(dāng)做替換主語的是常常被忽略的時(shí)間段。比如說1989到2000這一段時(shí)間內(nèi)見證了一個(gè)急劇的上升，這句話就可以寫成“The period of 1989 and 2000 witnessed a sharp increase.” 這樣的話就可以避免了常規(guī)的“上升”句式了。

以上的一些小技巧在考官的范文中都多有出現(xiàn)，它們可以有效的避免句式的重復(fù)，在語法這一個(gè)方面達(dá)到一些提分的目的。希望同學(xué)們能夠多多練習(xí)，達(dá)到靈活運(yùn)用各類句型。文章長短句交錯(cuò)，每句話的形式結(jié)構(gòu)恰到好處，為合理傳遞信息表達(dá)思想而服務(wù)。讓小作文在內(nèi)容和語言方面都能綻放光彩。

雅思寫作8.5分，讓你懷疑人生的寫作小技巧

我們今天來看很多人每天都在用的蘋果手機(jī)中原汁原味的美式英語。

大家應(yīng)該都知道蘋果的瀏覽器。但是safari一詞到底是什么意思?

大家如果去搜一下圖片，出來是上面這樣的。

大家如果去查一下Cambridge Dictionary

解釋是這樣的：

an organized journey to look at, or sometimes hunt, wild animals, especially in Africa.

看來當(dāng)年喬布斯的團(tuán)隊(duì)選名字還是非常有意思的，找一個(gè)表示“觀賞或者捕獵野生動(dòng)物的旅行(尤其是在非洲)”來做搜索器的名字。

說了那么多，這個(gè)生活中的美詞，怎么用到雅思寫作中呢?

我們來看一道2016年的寫作真題：

當(dāng)大家都在說see all kinds of views或者broaden one’s horizons的時(shí)候，我們可以說go on safari in Africa，是不是感覺很不一樣?

接下來我們看一下現(xiàn)在所有人都非常關(guān)注的健康問題

先來看一個(gè)題目：

In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.

What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?(劍橋雅思8第四套真題 )

這個(gè)題目并不難，但是怎么來組織語言呢?

我們來看Health這個(gè)App里面具體的advice:

1現(xiàn)代人類最大的問題就是坐得太多，動(dòng)得太少，所以sit less, move more and get some exercise這條建議還是非常好的，用詞雖然不難，但是有一種簡(jiǎn)約美。

除了exercise之外，還可以用什么詞來表示“運(yùn)動(dòng)”呢?我們來看下App上的一個(gè)詞匯

注意這里用了workouts，也就是workout這里做名詞，在Cambridge Dictionary中的解釋是：a period of physical exercise。比如“固定每天健身房的鍛煉”可以說：a daily workout in the gym.

那么，如果我們把workout拆開呢?

就變成了一個(gè)非常高大上的phrasal verb(動(dòng)詞段落)-work out，比如“人們需要在健身房每周鍛煉2-3次”我們可以說：people should work out in the gym two or three times a week.

除了這些之外，大家在界面上還會(huì)看到一個(gè)標(biāo)記，叫cal。

其實(shí)就是大家都并不陌生的“卡路里”-calories。

寫作中，我們可以說people can lose some weight by exercising, 我們還可以說：people can burn off calories by working out in the gym。

2要保持健康，除了運(yùn)動(dòng)，飲食才是根源問題，我們來看看Health App中的第二條advice :

Junk food相信大家并不陌生，但是這里出現(xiàn)的real food又是什么呢? 或許一張圖片可以幫助大家更好地理解：

和添加了各種佐料，深度加工的垃圾食品(junk food)相比，我們可以把real food理解為“綠色有機(jī)食物“。

So，those who want to keep fit and healthy are advised to eat more real food.

3當(dāng)然了，也有人說，我運(yùn)動(dòng)很多，吃得也很健康，但是為什么感覺還是各種不舒服呢?那么很有可能不是你的“身”(physical)出了問題，而是“心”(mental)出了問題。我們來看下第3條advice:

我們這里看到了三條可以供大家參考的tips:

靜心：quiet一詞用得非常妙，一般它都是做形容詞，這里用了動(dòng)詞形式

放松身體

活在當(dāng)下：forget the past and don’t worry too much about the future

雅思寫作：購物與金錢話題經(jīng)常使用的英文短語&句型

disposable income

可支配收入

例句

Since they don't have any children and their rent is very cheap, they've a lot of disposable income.

由于他們沒有孩子而且房租也非常便宜，所以他們手頭可支配的收入相當(dāng)寬裕。

常用的聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> conspicuous consumption

=buying expensive things to show people how rich someone is

大手大腳的消費(fèi)

例句

Many people believe that conspicuous consumption is an antisocial behaviour.

很多人認(rèn)為大手大腳的消費(fèi)是一種對(duì)社會(huì)有害的行為。

>> levy a tax on...

= officially request payment of a tax

(政府)對(duì)......征稅

例句

A new tax has been levied an cigarettes.

政府開始征收一項(xiàng)新的香煙稅。

be economical

經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的，節(jié)省開支的

例句

A small family car is more economical than a large car.

一輛小的家用汽車比大型汽車要經(jīng)濟(jì)些。

常見的近義短語或句型

>> be cost-effective

=be economical in terms of the services received for the money spent

物有所值的

例句

We need a cost-effective solution to the problem.

我們需要找出一個(gè)能解決這個(gè)問題的高性價(jià)比解決方案。

>> be penny-wise and pound-foolish

= be extremely careful about small amounts of money but not careful enough about larger amounts

貪圖小利吃大虧

例句

These education budget cuts are really penny-wise and pound-foolish.

這份削減教育預(yù)算的決議實(shí)在是貪小便宜吃大虧。

a source of income

收入來源

例句

Edward does not have any other source of income apart from his job

除了他的工作，愛德華沒有其他的收入來源了。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> scrimp and save to do sth.

=spend very little money because you want to save it to buy sth. expensive

(為了將來進(jìn)行某種很高的消費(fèi)而) 省吃儉用

例句

They had to scrimp and save to pay for the holiday.

他們?yōu)榱思倨谑〕詢€用。

>> belong to sb.

= be owned by sb.

屬于某人的財(cái)物

例句

If you take things belonging to the company without permission, you will face disciplinary action.

如果你未經(jīng)許可拿走公司財(cái)物。

make ends meet

勉強(qiáng)保持收支平衡

例句

My wages were so low I had to take a side job just to make ends meet.

我的工資實(shí)在是太低了，我還得千另外一份兼職才能勉強(qiáng)保持收支平衡。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> be broke

= be completely without money

身無分文(請(qǐng)注意這個(gè)意思不能說成be broken)

例句

I'm always broke by the end of the month.

我每個(gè)月都是月光族。

>> abject poverty

= extreme poverty

極端的貧困

例句

Over a billion people are still living in abject poverty and each year, over six millionchildren die as a result of malnutrition.

有超過10億的人還生活在極端的貧困之中，而且每年有600萬的兒童死于營養(yǎng)不良。

the cost of living

生活開支

例句

If you are a student planning on moving to London, one important consideration will be the cost of living there.

如果你是一名正準(zhǔn)備搬到倫敦的學(xué)生，那么你必須要考慮好生活成本的問題。

常用的聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> standard of living

= the type of lice that a person or society has

生活水平，生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

例句

Britain has a varied standard of living, from the very affordable to the really expensive.

從極易達(dá)到的到非常昂貴的,英國有著多樣化的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

>> receipt

= a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money

收據(jù)

例句

If you return wanted shoes straightaway , with a receipt，the shop will probably give you a refund.

如果你退回不想購買的鞋并附有收據(jù)，商店很可能會(huì)給你退款。

cost sb. a fortune

讓某人花了很多錢

例句

A tank of petrol can cost you a fortune these days.

加滿一箱汽油要花費(fèi)你一筆不菲的錢。

常見近義短語或句型

>> The bill for...is exorbitant.

= being very expensive

某物過于昂貴

例句

The bill for dinner in that restaurant is exorbitant.

那家餐館的餐費(fèi)實(shí)在是太昂貴了。

>> prohibitively high prices

= prices that are so high they prevent people from buying sth.

過于高昂的價(jià)格

例句

Apart from the prohibitively high medicine prices, the cost of maintaining medical equipment is rising as well.

除了過于高昂的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，對(duì)醫(yī)療器械的維護(hù)費(fèi)用也同樣上漲了。

常見反義短語或句型

>> be free of charge

= cost nothing

完全免費(fèi)的

例句

You can buy two and pay for just one一the other is free of charge.

這件商品是買一送一的，贈(zèng)品完全免費(fèi)。

>> make a fortune

= earn a very large amount of money

發(fā)財(cái)

例句

Even if you don't make a fortune from this herb, there are few sights more attractive than a field of purple coneflowers.

即使你不靠這些草藥發(fā)財(cái)，也很少會(huì)有比一望無際的紫色金花菊更吸引人的美景了。

the haves and the have-nots

有錢人與窮人的總稱

例句

Unfortunately, the gap between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.

不幸的是，貧富之間的鴻溝正在不斷加寬。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> accumulate wealth

= collect a large amount of money over a long period of time

聚積財(cái)富

例句

Benjamin accumulated much of his wealth through real estate investment.

本杰明通過投資房地產(chǎn)積累了很多財(cái)富。

a status symbol

身份與地位的標(biāo)志

例句

Green cars are considered status symbols these days.

環(huán)保汽車如今被看做是身份的象征。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> luxury goods

goods for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises

奢侈品

例句

Expensive clothes and accessories are considered luxury goods.

昂貴的衣服和首飾被認(rèn)為是奢侈品。

>> commodity

= sth. that can be bought and sold

商品的較正式說法

例句

Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities where food supplies were a constant concern.

由于食品供應(yīng)一直令人擔(dān)憂，在不斷發(fā)展的城鎮(zhèn)中魚是一種極為重要的商品。

be acquisitive

總想索取的，貪得無厭的

例句

She's an acquisitive person，always wanting to gain and possess new things.

她是一個(gè)貪得無厭的人，總是想著去占有新的東西。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> vanity

= being too interested in someone's own abilities or appearance

虛榮心，自負(fù)

例句

Reece wants the job purely for the reason of vanity.

瑞斯純粹是出于虛榮才想得到那份工作的。

tighten one's belt

節(jié)省開支

例句

Joel had to tighten his belt since he lost his job.

因?yàn)閬G了工作，喬爾要開始勒緊褲腰帶生活了。

常見近義短語或句型

>> do sth. on a shoe string

= do sth. using very little money

花很少的錢去做某事

例句

This business is run on a shoestring.

這份生意是在精打細(xì)算的條件下完成的。

cannot afford sth.

買不起某物

例句

They can't afford such expensive holidays.

他們承擔(dān)不起如此昂貴的假期旅行。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> be beyond sb. 's means

= be too expensive for sb.

超過了某人的消費(fèi)能力

例句

The medical charges are beyond the means of needy families.

對(duì)于那些需要幫助的家庭來說，昂貴的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用只能讓他們望洋興嘆。

be dirt-cheap

非常便宜的

例句

The hotel we stayed in was dirt-cheap, but our room was very nice.

雖然我們?nèi)胱〉木频晔直阋?，但房間環(huán)境卻非常好。

常見近義短語或句型

>> a bargain

= a hover-than-usual price

很便宜的

例句

These shoes are a bargain at just 15 pounds.

這些低價(jià)鞋只賣15鎊。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> be undervalued

= be considered to be worth less than sth. really is

價(jià)值被低估的

例句

Smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.

嗅覺大概是在很多文化中最被低估的一種感官。

go on a shopping spree

瘋狂購物

例句

Rasie went on a shopping spree this weekend.

露絲這周末去商場(chǎng)大血拼了。

常見反義短語或句型

>> window-shopping

= the activity of looking at things in shop windows but not buying anything

只著櫥窗但不購買

例句

Window-shopping is fun for some and frustrating for others.光看不買的行為對(duì)一些人來說是種樂趣，而對(duì)另一些人來說則十分討厭了。

keep track of sth.

掌握某事物的動(dòng)向

例句

Scarlett found it hard to keep track of her expenses.

斯嘉麗發(fā)覺要找出她把錢都花在哪兒了可真是一件困難的事。

常見反義短語或句型

>> loss track of sth.

= fail to keep track of sth.

失去對(duì)某事物動(dòng)向的了解

例句

Kaya never lost track of her favourite celebrities.

凱亞對(duì)她最崇拜的偶像從來都是了如指掌。

fall short

不夠，缺少

例句

We tried to raise eighty thousand pounds，but unfortunately we fell short by about ten thousand.

我們計(jì)劃募集到80,000英鎊的款額，但不幸的是，最終我們差了大約10,000鎊。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> fall short of one's expectations

= is disappointing to someone

未能達(dá)到某人的期望

例句

He kept falling short of my expectations.

他總是達(dá)不到我對(duì)他的期望。

Only... won't balk at this price.

只有..才不會(huì)對(duì)這種價(jià)格望而卻步

例句

Only well-heeled business people won't balk at this price, especially when buyers can get just 3 hours of battery life.

只有(非常富有的人)才不會(huì)對(duì)這種價(jià)格望而卻步，尤其是這個(gè)產(chǎn)品只有3個(gè)小時(shí)的電池壽命。

常見近義短語或句型

>> a prohihitive price

= a price that is too high for the average people

價(jià)格過于高昂的

例句

The price of land in London is prohibtive.

倫敦的地價(jià)過于高昂。

covet sth.

非常希望得到(別人已經(jīng)擁有的東西)

例句

The laptop looks pretty cool and this is the closest I've ever got to actually coveting a Dell laptop.

這款筆記本電腦看起來非常不錯(cuò)，這回我真是頭一次想擁有一臺(tái)戴爾電腦。

常用聯(lián)想規(guī)語或句型

>> envy sb.

= want very much to do sth. that sb. else does

羨慕某人

例句

I envy people who are always optimistic.

我很羨慕那些始終保持樂觀的人。

financial support

財(cái)務(wù)上的支持

例句

The UN provided financial support to the refugees.

聯(lián)合國為難民提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。

常見近義短語或句型

>> financial aid

= money that an organisation or a government gives to a country or an area

經(jīng)濟(jì)援助

例句

Some people believe that the government should spend less on overseas financial aid.

一些人認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該減少在海外援助上的支出。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> financial issue

= financial subject that people discuss

有關(guān)財(cái)務(wù)或財(cái)政的議題

例句

Financial issues are critical to the goverment.

財(cái)政問題對(duì)于政府而言很關(guān)鍵。

keep up with the Joneses

與他人去攀比

例句

This society has been having a "keeping up with the Joneses" complex for years and now it's crashing down around its people.

這個(gè)社會(huì)一直有著互相攀比的積習(xí)，并且現(xiàn)在人們已經(jīng)在飽嘗這種惡習(xí)的后果了。

常用聯(lián)想短語或句型

>> peer pressure

= the influence other people of your age have on the way you behave

來自于同輩人的壓力

例句

Peer pressure can be very disorienting for children.

來自于同輩的壓力很容易讓孩子們迷失方向。