雅思寫作如何搭建文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)
雅思的議論文寫作是很考驗(yàn)邏輯能力的，拿到題目時我們不僅要快速理清作文思路，還得搭建好整體的邏輯架構(gòu)，所以我們要將議論文寫得層次分明，下面小編就和大家分享雅思寫作如何搭建文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思寫作如何搭建文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)
議論文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)講解
給大家講解文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的題目選自劍橋系列叢書中最重要的題目之一：
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. (某事件利弊探討)
此題討論的問題是著名的“間隔年”，學(xué)生中學(xué)畢業(yè)后是否應(yīng)該take a year off?
參考范文一：側(cè)重支持taking a gap year
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students (who have the money to travel), but is并列謂語 also evident among poorer students (who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time).具象思維Generally, I think that this practice could lead to many desirable results.
立論段：
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that同位語從句 a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of students life.
Outline:
1)general knowledge and experience of the world
have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on
2)tend to be more independent
a very important factor in academic study and research
giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of students life
give sb. an edge/advantage in sth. 給某人某方面的優(yōu)勢
駁論段：
However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think it is less likely today, when academic qualifications文憑 are essential for getting a reasonable career.
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and并列句 taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.
本文是考官滿分范文，建議6-7分學(xué)員認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。
分析：
有選擇、有側(cè)重的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一段：用簡潔的語言直接引出討論，學(xué)生無論貧富都可以選擇take a gap year。寫作開頭簡潔很重要。如果用看似華麗的套句會給人模板的感覺導(dǎo)致低分。
第二段：立論段：對比直接論證選擇take the gap year學(xué)生更有優(yōu)勢。本段是議論文寫作提出支持文章中心觀點(diǎn)的分論點(diǎn)，并對其進(jìn)行有效支持和擴(kuò)展的部分，屬于主要得分段落。
第三段：駁論段：先讓步，說選擇gap year的學(xué)生會面臨的影響，但是又說明這種影響很容易避免，從而進(jìn)一步論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。一個優(yōu)秀的考生除了能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼摀?jù)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)外，還必須能對自己相反的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有效評價。
第四段：表明文章中心觀點(diǎn)，傾向支持學(xué)生take the gap year。再次強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性。
關(guān)于這篇范文分析完畢，同學(xué)們對照著老師的分段分析可以進(jìn)行其他范文的試答，相信會有不一樣的收獲。
-總結(jié)文章的論證，并且得出結(jié)論，再次表明文章批判性的中立觀點(diǎn)。
-適當(dāng)對文章的論證進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展和升華，可再次強(qiáng)調(diào)文章為何持有批判性中立觀點(diǎn)，但切忌引入新觀點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容。
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)句型
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)一、表示原因
1、There are three reasons for this.
2、The reasons for this are as follows.
3、The reason for this is obvious.
4、The reason for this is not far to seek.
5、The reason for this is that.
6、We have good reason to believe that.
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。
如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)二、 表示好處
1、It has the following advantages.
2、It does us a lot of good.
3、It benefits us quite a lot.
4、It is beneficial to us.
5、It is of great benefit to us.
例如：
Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)三、表示壞處
1、It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2、It does us much harm.
3、It is harmful to us.
例如：
However, everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)四、表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1、It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible、for sb. to do sth.
2、We think it necessary to do sth.
3、It plays an important role in our life.
例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)五、表示措施
1、We should take some effective measures.
2、We should try our best to overcome (conquer、 the difficulties.
3、We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4、We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced、with.
例如：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)六、表示變化
1、Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2、A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3、The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如：
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)七、表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀
1、We cannot ignore the fact that.
2、No one can deny the fact that.
3、There is no denying the fact that.
4、This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in
5、However, that’s not the case
例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)八、 表示比較
1、Compared with A, B.
2、I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3、There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：
Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)九、表示數(shù)量
1、It has increased (decreased、 from...to.
2、The population in this city has now increased (decreased、 to 800,000.
3、The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如：
From the graph listed above, it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
雅思寫作高分表達(dá)十、表示看法
1、People have (take, adopt, assume、 different attitudes towards sth.
2、People have different opinions on this problem.
3、People take different views of (on、 the question.
4、Some people believe that...Others argue that.
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如：
Do “l(fā)ucky numbers” really bring good luck? Different people have different views on it.
注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。
雅思寫作地圖題實(shí)例分析
雅思寫作地圖題大家總是遇到各式各樣的問題，在練習(xí)地圖題過程中很多同學(xué)都反映沒有思路。不知道該從何入手，并且寫完一部分內(nèi)容不知道如何繼續(xù)下一部分，該描述圖中哪些有效信息。下面雅思小編為大家總結(jié)寫作地圖題的實(shí)例講解。希望備考雅思同學(xué)從中借鑒。
第一個學(xué)生的寫作：
A golf course and park is located in the west of this city, with a river to the south, crossing Branfield from the south-western corner to the north. To the east of the golf course and park is a railway, linking he north-western corner and the south-eastern corner of this city. Situated in the north of Brandfield, a housing estate covers an area between the river and the railway. There is a city center in the middle of this city,located to the south of the railway and divided by the river.It is noticeable that a road is sited between the golf course and park in the west and the city center in the middle,and it goes across the south-eastern corner of the housing estate,connecting the north-eastern corner of this city to the south of the city center and to the south of this city. S1 is located to the north of the city center and the railway, between the road and the river.
這個學(xué)生的作文主要問題是她上來不斷地描述，而忘記了這個圖的首要事情是描述S1 和S2. 這個學(xué)生的問題體現(xiàn)了中文和英文的思維差異。也是我們中國人在寫PS，大學(xué)作業(yè)，EMAIL，工作報告，甚至口語交流中的一個普遍問題。
很多學(xué)生寫信件一上來就是不寫目的是什么，而是一大堆背景。而寫普通圖表就把圖里的數(shù)據(jù)描述的細(xì)致入微，而忘記了主要信息的歸納。
這就是為什么很多學(xué)生在考場上寫的很爽，但是分?jǐn)?shù)很低。因?yàn)樗麄兪莝elf-centred, 而不是reader-friendly
下面一個學(xué)生也是這個問題，自己寫得很勤奮，兢兢業(yè)業(yè)，但是讀者昏昏欲睡
The hosuing estate located in the northern corner of this area with a huge golf course and park to the southwest. Situated in the middle of this area, the City centre is surrounded by two main roads and a railway from northwest to south while a river cross the centre from north to southwest. There is an industrial Estate on the southeastern corner of this area.
It should be noted that the S1 of the shopping mall is to the north of the city center and surrounded by the river, railway and the northern road. In contrast, the S2 located in the south of this city and to the left of the railway and the Industrial Estate.
很多同學(xué)遇到地圖題很亂，為什么?因?yàn)樗麄兲朊枋鏊械臇|西，而不知道從什么地方說起?！妒职咽帧飞险f過，這個時候要一個一個地點(diǎn)描述，而這個我們上課的時候也強(qiáng)調(diào)。
譬如說s1:1 靠近housing areas，那里的人可以坐火車去 2 CITY centre 的人可以坐火車或者開車去， 3 靠近河 ，可能景色不錯
S2：1 靠近CITY centre ， 人們可以開車或者坐火車去，但是housing areas太遠(yuǎn)了 2 靠近工業(yè)區(qū)，有可能有污染和噪音
是不是這么一寫，馬上清楚了? 比大家在那里一個個說地點(diǎn)好?
下面這是我寫的主體部分
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. This means that this supermarket can be assessed by those living in the residential block to the north and also by the shoppers from the city centre. Another advantage of this site is its proximity to the river that runs from north to south. People may enjoy a good view of the river when shopping.
Similar to S1, S2 is supported by the town’s transport infrastructure, in view of the fact that it is sited between the rainway and the road. The difference is that consumers from the housing area may have to travel a longer distance before reaching this site in the south-north corner. This suggested site is also close to the industrial estate on the eastern edge of the town and pollution is possibly a cause for concern.
當(dāng)然，大家可以按照上課的辦法寫得簡單點(diǎn) (下面這一段是按照上課的分句合并法，而且文字信息不多，主要是平鋪直敘，在考場上拿個7分也是可以的)：
S1 is possibly located in the north of Brandfield, lying next to one railway line and one road. There is a housing area to the south and residents can travel by car or train to visit S1. This site is also accessible for those working or living in the city centre. A river runs across the town to the east of S1.
S2 is in the south-east of the town and close to the railway and the road. Although shoppers from the city centre can reach this site easily, the journey is long for those from the housing estate. To the east of S2 is the industrial zone.
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