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托福閱讀推理類比題怎么做

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托福閱讀推理類比題怎么做?2道例題教會你實用解題思路,今天小編給大家來托福閱讀推理類比題怎么做,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀推理類比題怎么做?2道例題教會你實用解題思路

托福閱讀推理題解題思路分析

從題型構成上來看,托福閱讀10大題型中的推理題其實很像是細節(jié)題,似乎都是需要考生返回原文來尋找具體信息并加以解題的。而這兩種題型的不同之處在于細節(jié)題能夠在原文中找到對應選項的細節(jié),最多進行一些簡單的表述形式變化,但含義卻保持一致,可以說相對簡單。

而推理題則需要大家在找到原文的基礎上再做進一步的邏輯推理分析,正確選項代表的含義要靠大家自己思索出來,無法在原文中直接找到對應內(nèi)容。換句話說,大家需要根據(jù)文中的相關依據(jù)再往前做簡單推理才能得出答案。大家不要小看這一步推理的過程,很多同學偏偏就是不知道該怎么去進一步思考推理。

做好推理題需要類比邏輯思維

既然提到了邏輯思維分析推理,接下來小編就來為大家介紹一下托福推理題中比較常用的類比邏輯思維方式。這種思維模式很簡單,也就是文章中提到兩個事物,互為比較對象,而這兩個事物具有一些相同的特點特征,因此可以根據(jù)A事物具有的特征來推理出B事物也具備相同的特征。

舉個簡單的例子,像小劉一樣,小王也喜歡養(yǎng)貓。那么從這句話里,我們就可以通過類比思維來推斷出,小劉喜歡養(yǎng)貓。大家是不是覺得這也太容易了,不要小看這種推理思維,下面給大家兩道來自托福官方真題中的閱讀邏輯題做參考分析。

推理題類比思維解題技巧實例講解

實例1:

When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.

What can be inferred about whales from this paragraph?

A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.

B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.

C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.

D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.

思路分析:

先來看一道簡單一點的邏輯題,這段文字講了某種海龜?shù)奶攸c,其中提到了鯨魚,問題就是能夠從這段文字中推理出什么和鯨魚有關的信息。根據(jù)infer這個關鍵詞,可以看出這是一道較為明顯的邏輯推理題。

這段文字一共就兩句話,第一句話就類似上面舉的簡單例子里的“像小劉一樣”的這個部分,直接把類比雙方海龜和鯨魚提了出來。然后第二句話則說明了海龜具體具有的特點。那么根據(jù)類比邏輯,鯨魚應該具有的也是第二句話中的這個特點,接下來大家只要從選項里找到和第二句話內(nèi)容相近的部分就可以了,也就是海龜具有的應對寒冷的獨特能力鯨魚也有,所以選B。

實例2:

Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.

What can be inferred from this paragraph about the trumpeting of bull elk?

A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.

B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.

C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.

D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.

思路分析:

接下來再來看這道更有難度的推理題,這道題目的類比邏輯結構和上面正好相反,先說了A事物的一個特點,然后再說B事物也有類似特點。對應到原文中應該就是文章的最后一句給出的提示,也就是buck rub散發(fā)出的olfactory signal和bull elk trumpeting發(fā)出的auditory signal有相同的作用。那么接下來大家就要去找出buck rub的olfactory signal有什么功效然后和選項對照一下就能得出正確答案了。

具體到文章里,buck rub的作用就是sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species和indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity,而trumpeting by bull elk應該也具備類似功效,也就是選項A了。

總結以上兩個例子可以看出,托福閱讀中的邏輯題雖然需要考生進行自主思考,但這種推理思考的難度其實也并不算高,大家不用想得太多太復雜,只需要稍稍進行簡單的邏輯推理自然就能找到正確答案了。小編希望大家能夠通過上面的例子了解應對托福閱讀邏輯題的正確和實用思路,更好地解答閱讀邏輯題拿到考試高分。

托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析:reflective practice could...

托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析

原句案例:

This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.

結構分析:

This(主語)was justified(謂語)by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching(同位語從句).

詞匯講解:

reflective表示“反思的”,比如:in a reflective mood 思潮起伏。

intellectually有“智力地;理智地”意思,這里表示“理智地融入到他們的角色和工作中去”。

enable sb. to do sth.表示“使……能夠……”,是寫作可以借鑒的詞組,比如:Money from her aunt enabled Jane to buy the house. 阿姨給簡的錢使她能夠買下那幢房子。

paucity作名詞,表示“缺乏”,比如:the paucity of imagination 缺乏想象力,a paucity of information 缺乏信息。

句子分析:

本句的主句是This was justified by the view that...,表示“后面的觀點證明前面的事情是合理的”。什么觀點呢?由that引導的同位語從句來作進一步的解釋,同位語從句中的謂語動詞分別是could help和enable,兩者由and連接,形成并列結構。

參考翻譯:

這一點被以下觀點證明是合理的:反思的實踐可以幫助老師們更加理智地融入到他們的角色和工作中去,并讓他們在學科教學中能夠應對科學事實的缺乏和知識的不確定性。

托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析:Cross sections cut through...

托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析

原句案例:

Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal that the mud filing the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.

結構分析:

復合句,主句中含有that引導的賓語從句。

詞匯講解:

carcass: the dead body of an animal

consistency: the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick, smooth, etc.

texture: the way a surface, substance or piece of cloth feels when you touch it

句子分析:

Cross sections cut through some of the fossils reveal

主句中,cross sections 主語,cut through some of the fossils 過去分詞短語作定語修飾主語, reveal 是主句的謂語。 本部分的意思是:通過一些化石的橫截面顯示。

that the mud filing the interior of the carcass differed in consistency and texture depending on its location inside the fish.

賓語從句中,the mud 是主語,filing the interior of the carcass 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。differed 是從句的謂語, in consistency and texture 狀語。depending on its location inside the fish, 狀語。 本部分的意思是:由于在魚體內(nèi)的位置不同,填滿尸體內(nèi)部的泥在稠度和紋理上都有所不同。

參考翻譯:

通過一些化石的橫截面顯示,由于在魚體內(nèi)的位置不同,填滿尸體內(nèi)部的泥在稠度和紋理上都有所不同。

托福閱讀100個長難句精選匯總深度解析:When the world which...

托福閱讀100個長難句實例分析

原句案例:

When the world, which was created in beauty, becomes ugly and disorderly, the Navajo gather to perform rituals with songs and make sand paintings to restore beauty and harmony to the world.

結構分析:

when引導的時間狀語從句,其中含有定語從句作插入語,之后才出現(xiàn)主句。

句子分析:

When the world, which was created in beauty, becomes ugly and disorderly

時間狀語從句中,the world 作主語,后接which引導的定語從句,which指代the world, which引導的從句中was created 作謂語,in beauty 狀語。 becomes ugly and disorderly 是when引導的狀語從句里的系表結構作謂語部分。本部分的意思是:當在美麗中創(chuàng)造的世界變的丑陋和無序。

the Navajo gather to perform rituals with songs and make sand paintings to restore beauty and harmony to the world.

主句終于上線,其中the Navajo 主語,gather......... and make是并列動詞作謂語。to perform rituals with songs, 目的狀語。

make sand painting,中sand painting作賓語。to restore beauty and harmony to the world,不定式作狀語。本部分的意思:納瓦霍人聚集起來用歌曲舉行儀式,并且用沙畫恢復世界的美麗與和諧。

參考翻譯:

當在美麗中創(chuàng)造的世界變的丑陋和無序,納瓦霍人聚集起來用歌曲舉行儀式,并且用沙畫恢復世界的美麗與和諧。


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