托福閱讀高分技巧之想拿高分要做到這三點(diǎn)

托福閱讀雖然是我們比較熟悉的題目，但因?yàn)轭}量大，涉及詞匯非常多，想要拿到高分并不容易。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x想拿高分要做到這三點(diǎn)，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

高分技巧丨托福閱讀想拿高分要做到這三點(diǎn)!

托福閱讀高分技巧一：詞匯過關(guān)

從某種意義上來講，詞匯量的大小是TOEFL閱讀理解高分的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。如果詞匯量沒有達(dá)到基本要求(五千以上)，縱然你有“葵花寶典”在手，也只能命喪ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以犧牲詞匯量為代價(jià)的技巧練習(xí)簡直是一味巨毒無比。

托福閱讀高分技巧二：掌握閱讀方法

TOEFL的閱讀量非常大，一般的中國考生根本無法把文章全部讀完，所謂的“掃讀法”、“跳讀法”和“略讀法”也只能適用于少數(shù)類型的文章，根本不能解決本質(zhì)問題。那么，文章到底應(yīng)該怎么讀法呢?一句話，主動地閱讀文章的關(guān)鍵部位。所謂主動是指不能象一般的閱讀那樣完全被動地接受信息，而應(yīng)該不斷的進(jìn)行思考和預(yù)測;所謂關(guān)鍵部位，主要是每一段的開頭和結(jié)尾部分。由于TOEFL的閱讀理解文章全部選自于正式出版物，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)非常完整和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，而且出現(xiàn)的邏輯模式也是屈指可數(shù)。經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)的訓(xùn)練，考生的預(yù)測可以做到非常準(zhǔn)確的程度。這樣，通過閱讀文章的幾處關(guān)鍵部位，就能很快地把握整個(gè)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，也就解決了問題的70%.

托福閱讀高分技巧三：多做題

排除法恐怕是一直以來大多數(shù)學(xué)生在解閱讀理題目時(shí)使用多的方法。事實(shí)上，這種方法具有致命的缺點(diǎn)：干擾大、費(fèi)時(shí)間。更有效和迅速的辦法是讀完題干之后，就在腦子反映出一個(gè)模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在選項(xiàng)中尋找接近的答案進(jìn)行判斷。這種能力必須在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練和講解中逐漸養(yǎng)成和加強(qiáng)，決非什么技巧之類的東西可以替代。

托福閱讀之文明的起源與發(fā)展

托福閱讀考察過的話題可不少，學(xué)術(shù)性文章也是大家最難以理解的，不過如果能積累足夠的托福閱讀資料相信對于大家一定有幫助，下面就結(jié)合托福閱讀資料來看看這個(gè)問題。

大家在托福閱讀文章之前可以先跳到最后一題(文章總結(jié)題)的位置看看那句對于文章總結(jié)的句子。對于大家從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)非常有幫助。

托福閱讀真題再現(xiàn)：

版本一： 文明的起源。地方是美索不達(dá)米亞平原那邊的。因?yàn)橥恋刭Y源豐富，所以人口增多來開發(fā)，好像還提到了從其他地方得到青銅(bronze)，所以很珍貴。一般不用來作為務(wù)農(nóng)工具。有一題就是問為什么不用青銅器裝農(nóng)作物的。

版本二： 講文明的起源，主要以兩河流域?yàn)槔?。解釋了文明的主要特點(diǎn)為有政治中心，自己的語言，金屬工具等等。同事說美索不達(dá)米亞和埃及因?yàn)槭呛喂仕赃M(jìn)口bronze，價(jià)格昂貴作為首飾和裝飾品。

解析： 本文講文明發(fā)展史。主要討論的是某文明發(fā)展的原因，主旨明確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，每段首句為topic sentence的可能性較高。大家在閱讀文章之前可以先跳到最后一題(文章總結(jié)題)的位置看看那句對于文章總結(jié)的句子。對于大家從整體上把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)非常有幫助。從文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容上，都非常接近TPO8的文章The Rise of Teotihucan。

相關(guān)托福閱讀資料：

Sumer

Sumer (from Akkadian ?umeru; Sumerian ki-en-?ir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land"[note 1]) was an ancientcivilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age. Although the earliest forms of writing in the region do not go back much further than c. 3500 BC, modern historians have suggested that Sumer was first permanently settled between c. 5500 and 4000 BC by a non-Semitic people who may or may not have spoken the Sumerian language (pointing to the names of cities, rivers, basic occupations, etc. as evidence).[1][2][3][4] These conjectured, prehistoric people are now called "proto-Euphrateans" or "Ubaidians",[5] and are theorized to have evolved from the Samarra culture of northern Mesopotamia (Assyria).[6][7][8][9] The Ubaidians were the first civilizing force in Sumer, draining the marshes for agriculture, developing trade, and establishing industries, including weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry, and pottery.[5] However, some scholars such as Piotr Michalowski and Gerd Steiner, contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of theArabian bifacial culture.[10] Reliable historical records begin much later; there are none in Sumer of any kind that have been dated beforeEnmebaragesi (c. 26th century BC). Professor Juris Zarins believes the Sumerians were settled along the coast of Eastern Arabia, today's Persian Gulf region, before it flooded at the end of the Ice Age.[11] Sumerian literature speaks of their homeland being Dilmun.

Sumerologist Samuel Noah Kramer asserts "No people has contributed more to the culture of mankind than the Sumerians" and yet it is only comparatively recently that we have built up a knowledge of the existence of this ancient culture.[12] Sumerian civilization took form in theUruk period (4th millennium BC), continuing into the Jemdat Nasr and Early Dynastic periods. During the 3rd millennium BC, a close cultural symbiosis developed between the Sumerians (who spoke a language isolate) and the Semitic Akkadian speakers, which included widespreadbilingualism.[13] The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian (and vice versa) is evident in all areas, from lexical borrowing on a massive scale, tosyntactic, morphological, and phonological convergence.[13] This has prompted scholars to refer to Sumerian and Akkadian in the 3rd millennium BC as a sprachbund.[13] Sumer was conquered by the Semitic-speaking kings of the Akkadian Empire around 2270 BC (short chronology), but Sumerian continued as a sacred language. Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) of the 21st to 20th centuries BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, was the world's first city, where three separate cultures fused - that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and following herds of sheep and goats; and that of fisher folk, living in reed huts in the marshlands, who may have been the ancestors of the Sumerians.[14]

The irrigated farming together with annual replenishment of soil fertility and the surplus of storable food in temple granaries created by this economy allowed the population of this region to rise to levels never before seen, unlike those found in earlier cultures of shifting cultivators. This much greater population density in turn created and required an extensive labour force and division of labour with many specialised arts and crafts. At the same time, historic overuse of the irrigated soils led to progressive salinisation, and a Malthusian crisis which led to depopulation of the Sumerian region over time, leading to its progressive eclipse by the Akkadians of middle Mesopotamia.

Sumer was also the site of early development of writing, progressing from a stage of proto-writing in the mid 4th millennium BC to writing proper in the 3rd millennium BC .

托福閱讀快速抽取句子主干的方法

對于基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂賓或是主系表大家都比較熟悉，但是對于句子里的修飾成分，大家往往熟悉名詞之前的修飾成分，也就是對于前置的定語非常熟悉，但是對于名詞之后的修飾成分也就是后置定語往往并不了解。

一、常見的五種后置定語要清楚。

對于基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂賓或是主系表大家都比較熟悉，但是對于句子里的修飾成分，大家往往熟悉名詞之前的修飾成分，也就是對于前置的定語非常熟悉，但是 對于名詞之后的修飾成分也就是后置定語往往并不了解，或者即使了解，概念也較為模糊。后置定語，顧名思義分為后置和定語兩個(gè)部分。后置也就是此種短語出 現(xiàn)的位置是在名詞之后，定語就是起到起到修飾限定作用的短語，注意是短語而不是句子，本質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于形容詞。所以后置定語就是放在名詞的后面起到限定修飾作 用的短語?；究梢詣澐譃槲宸N情況。1，形容詞做后置定語。如：fossil available.即為可用的化石。2，介詞短語做后置定語。如lava on the surface，中 on the surface介詞短語修飾lava，表示為表面上的熔巖。3，現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來修飾限定the blood vessels，理解為運(yùn)載著涼的血液的血管。4，過去分詞短語做后置定語，the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是過去分詞短語做后置定語修飾the gradual drying of the soil，理解為減少的能力導(dǎo)致的土壤的干燥。5，不定式短語做后置定語。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修飾 the ability，理解為吸收水的能力。

二、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系要抓住。

在了解了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)之上，句子內(nèi)部以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系也是非常重要的。常見的邏輯關(guān)系有，1，轉(zhuǎn)折：but， however， yet 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系重在強(qiáng)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折單詞之后的內(nèi)容。2，讓步：although，though，even though，even if，despite，in spite of，nevertheless。讓步關(guān)系出現(xiàn)在句中時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是后半句，前半句被弱化。 3，比較對比：more/less than， most， as…as ， while， whereas。尤其注意對比種可能多個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系詞柔和在一起，如既有whereas的對比，又有more…than的比較。4，條件：if， only if， except， unless， provide that， as long as。 5，因果： because (of) ，since， as， why， for， therefore， hence， thus， thereby， consequently， accordingly， lead to， as a result (of)，result in， result from， reason， A contribute to B， attribute/ascribe A to B， explain， come from， so A that B，A be responsible for B等等。在因果關(guān)系中要注意區(qū)分誰是結(jié)果，誰是原因。

在熟悉掌握句子的修飾成分和邏輯關(guān)系之后，遇到長難句時(shí)，閱讀句子將不再是一個(gè)個(gè)單詞的累積，而是意群的組合。這樣清楚地劃分出句子主干后，理解起來將會 容易得多。例 如：TPO15考察的句子簡化題。In a counter current exchange system， the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus， the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. 就可以拆分為：In a countercurrent exchange system， the blood vessels( carrying cooled blood from the flippers) run close enough to the blood vessels(carrying warm blood from the body )to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus， the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reaches the flipper itself. 句子邏輯關(guān)系詞為thus，因此是因果關(guān)系，且前因后果。carrying cooled blood from the flippers和carrying warm blood from the body兩個(gè)均為分詞短語做后置定語限定修飾前面的blood vessels，這兩個(gè)修飾成分搞清楚，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就明朗了。即，在逆流的交換體系里，從鰭中流入的帶著冷血的血管與中從身體里流出的帶著暖血的血管緊密排 列，因此，熱量就可以在到達(dá)鰭之前，從流出的血管轉(zhuǎn)移到了流入的血管中。

托福閱讀哪些題型分值大

(一)題量占比大的題型：詞匯題，細(xì)節(jié)題

這兩種題型在咱們的托福閱讀中每篇都能達(dá)到3-6個(gè)題，兩種題型總的占題量可以達(dá)到總托福閱讀題量的一半以上(這還未包括否定細(xì)節(jié)題)，所以對于同學(xué)們來說閱讀要想在16-18分的話，這兩種題型是幫助你們得分的關(guān)鍵，所以在今后的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要先把這兩種題型掌握好。

(二) 題目分值大的題型：文章總結(jié)題，表格題

文章總結(jié)題每篇是兩分，而表格題則是三分或是四分每篇。當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)頻率較高的還是文章總結(jié)題，雖然相比較表格題來說文章總結(jié)題只有兩分每篇，但難度上相對來說要比表格題大一點(diǎn)。如果同學(xué)們想要托福閱讀上20分的話這種題型是一定要擅長做的。所以就需要我們平時(shí)對文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)方面進(jìn)行大量的練習(xí)。大家可以把TPO托福閱讀文章按照不同背景知識挑選出20篇文章來進(jìn)行認(rèn)真閱讀，對每篇文章的每個(gè)段落都進(jìn)行一下概況和總結(jié)，然后再對著文章總結(jié)題進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)。

(三)題型解法相關(guān)的題型：

(1)細(xì)節(jié)題(包括否細(xì)題)與推斷題：這兩種題型在解法上都是需要對題干進(jìn)行定位(否定細(xì)節(jié)題有可能會針對題目選項(xiàng)來定位)，定位之后在原文中找到相對應(yīng)的詞，最后得出答案，推斷題僅僅是在最后得出答案的這一步中稍微需要大家進(jìn)行一下推斷而已。

(2)修辭目的題與文章總結(jié)題：兩種題型都需要找文章的某個(gè)段落的主旨句或是主要論據(jù)，所以如果在做題遇到修辭目的題的時(shí)候，大家需要在頭腦中記一下這種題的答案，因?yàn)楹苡锌赡芫褪俏恼驴偨Y(jié)題中會出現(xiàn)的正確選項(xiàng)。

(3)指代題與句子插入題 ：這兩種題型之間解法的相似性當(dāng)然就是當(dāng)出現(xiàn)代詞的題目的時(shí)候，句子插入題需要按照指代題的解法思路來破題了。