雅思閱讀難點之配對題的應對策略

雅思閱讀復習難點題型分析：配對題的應對策略一文舉出劍雅中的實例對雅思閱讀中的配對題的復習方法進行講解。下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀復習難點題型分析：配對題的應對策略

雅思閱讀復習難點題型分析：配對題的應對策略為大家?guī)硌潘奸喿x中難度排名前幾位的配對題的復習攻略。本文主要先分析配對題這種題型的出題特點和出題思路，然后舉了劍雅中實際的幾個例子來講解雅思閱讀配對題的解題方法。雅思配對題是指將段落大意和題干給出的選擇項相匹配的一種題型。下面我們就一起來看一下這種題型的復習方法。

唐僧說學校是不圖賺錢的，白癡是不能當教授的，賣狗肉是不能掛羊頭的;專家說標題配對題的難度不是吹的。若要在雅思各題型中按照難度系數(shù)進行排名，標題配對題無疑摘得頭魁。

實際上，這一在雅思題型難度系數(shù)中奪得頭魁的題型并沒有考生們所想象的那么恐怖，應對這種題型，考生們要做的首先就是“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”，也就是說考生們首先要了解這種題型的特點。

這種題型的典型特點就是題目通常放在文章前面，而且答案不會重復使用，所以考生們在考試時首先要看題目中是否給出例子，若給出例子，則要把例子中所用過的答案劃掉，因為它不會再被用到;而且這一特點決定這種題目總是一錯錯一雙。另外這種題型主要考查考生們根據(jù)上下文猜出某些詞句大意，弄清句子之間的邏輯關系，正確理解文章，把握段落大意和主旨的能力。

因此考生們要做的就是運用專家所講過的“無詞閱讀法”， 在做題時先讀懂段落的第一、二句，然后略讀其他句子，弄清句子之間的邏輯關系，從而非常輕松地得出段落大意。而句子之間的邏輯關系一共有以下幾種：

其他句子解釋說明第一、二句，即段落為總分式結構，如劍1，Test 4，passage 1的C段(這種情況下，段落大意根據(jù)第一、二句歸納即可)

But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art, a tradition going back at least to Roman times, is also booming. Nearly everywhere, it seems, men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. ‘ I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975,’ Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the most financially successful artists of the 20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.

解題：首先讀段落的第一、二句話，考生們會發(fā)現(xiàn)第一句實際為一個強調句式，強調“not only in technology and commerce”。我么都知道“not only…but also…”的句式重點要講的是“but also”后面的內容而非“not only”后的內容，因此運用“無詞閱讀法”，考生就可以不用關注第一句話的大意了，直接進入第二句話，關注“but also”的內容;第二句話中，也運用無詞閱讀法，只看主句，考生即可以抓出大意為“玻璃作為藝術的應用也在興盛”;第三句中的blowing glass，可能考生們陌生，但其并列內容“creating works of art”認識即可，第三句話大意為“男性女性都在創(chuàng)造藝術品”;第四句和第五句我們略讀一下即可知道，作者在運用藝術家Dale Chihuly的例子解釋說明玻璃在藝術方面應用的興盛。因此最終我們可以斷定此段中第三、四、五句內容是解釋說明第一、二句內容的。段落大意根據(jù)第一、二句歸納，答案為 i Growth in the market for glass crafts

出現(xiàn)轉折詞或相應表達，把思路逆轉，如劍6，Test 2，passage 1的E段(這種情況下，段落大意根據(jù)轉折后面的內容歸納)

It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team’s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together. ‘The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.’

解題：讀此段時，考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)在第二句出現(xiàn)however一詞，這種情況下，第一句的內容即可以忽略，考生應該直接讀第二句及其后面的內容。運用無詞閱讀法，第二句大意為“人口和工作密度實際上是增長或保持不變的”;第三句話解釋說明出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因是把相關領域工作的人放在一起是非常有價值的;第四句話又引用一句話來進一步解釋說明。因此我們根據(jù)轉折厚的內容選出此段大意為 iii The benefits of working together in cities。而陷阱為vi The impact of telecommunications on population distribution。

附加新的信息，即信息之間為并列關系，如劍1，Test 4，passage 1中的B段(這種情況下，考生需要找信息之間的共同點，段落大意根據(jù)共同點得出)

On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150,000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.

解題：考生在運用“無詞閱讀法”略讀此段的過程中會發(fā)現(xiàn)第一、二、三和第四句都是關于optical computers的;第五句內容是關于fiber optics的;第六句是關于optical instruments的;第七句是關于fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays的。顯然段落中在不斷附加新的信息，尋找信息之間的共同點，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)信息都是和optic有關的，因此答案為viii Exiting innovations in fiber optics,而陷阱為ii Computers and their dependence on glass。

最后一、二句歸納總結前文，如劍6，Test 4，passage 1中的C段(這種情況下，考生根據(jù)最后一、二句話歸納段落大意即可)

Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment. Salespeople like Schaefer walk the line between the common practice of buying a prospect’s time with a free meal, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work in an industry highly criticized for its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question – business won’t use strategies that don’t work, so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry’s responsibility to decide the boundaries?

解題：運用無詞閱讀法，略讀該段，考生會發(fā)現(xiàn)段落的第三句后半部分和第四句，作者用邏輯詞so，并采用問句的形式引出結論：so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry’s responsibility to decide the boundaries? 我們在歸納該段的段落大意時，就應該根據(jù)第三句so后面的內容來歸納，所以答案選Who is responsible for the increase in promotion?

以上就是雅思閱讀復習難點題型分析：配對題的應對策略的所有內容。要解決配對題，主要就是要解決2個問題，一個是怎樣找到或者說概括出各段的段意，另一個是怎樣將這些段意和選項中的段意進行改寫和匹配。因為英文文中的段落基本采用總分總結構，因此找段意主要是在段首和段尾找，這樣就解決了第一個問題了。第二個問題則是需要我們用同義近義詞對這些段意進行轉換。

雅思考試九類閱讀關鍵詞整

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞1. 表轉折：

but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;

A, but B: 否定A而肯定B，則A，B兩部分內容是相反的。

例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .

解釋：paper less 表示負向，則but后no sign of abating 表示正向，所以abating是表示負向的詞。

總結：此種方法有利于在不認識單詞的前提下讀懂句子意思，很有幫助，但一定要練習，而且要敏感。

練習：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞2. 表讓步：

(1)although：although A, B:盡管有A，B還是出現(xiàn)了(A，B互不影響)若A是正，那B就是負的。

例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.

解釋：miracle奇跡，表正向,則but后的chaos是一個表負向的詞。

(2)while：五個含義：

A. although：雖然，盡管

B. as long as：只要

C. whereas, but：表轉折

D.when：當。。。的時候

E. n. 表一段時間

例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.

解釋：原文在本段之前講鴨子的好，在本段之后講它的不好。

(3)Albeit：盡管，雖然

例如：Albeit true but not now.

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞3. 表并列：A and B

A...and B...

(1) 并列雙方性質相同;

(2) 當A、B都比較復雜時，應該從最后一項找起，根據(jù)B的形式到前文找到A

例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

解釋：此句話中共有四個and ,第一個and 并列of 結構，第二個and 并列fumes和toxic,第三個and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四個and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞4 表遞進：沒有轉折的意思，后項承接上文。

A furthermore B

A moreover B

A besides B

A為正向，B 仍為正向。

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞5 表順序或過程：

(1) first, then, next, later on, finally

(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…

(3) in the first place, in the second place…

(4) before…, after…

(5) once, until, as soon as,…

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞6 特殊的關鍵詞：人名，地名，時間，數(shù)字，生詞(這是最好的定位標準，多以A---A形式重現(xiàn))

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞7.比較級：類比

對比

(1) as…as, like 類比

(2) more…than, unlike 對比

(3) 不同的時間導致強的對比關系

例如：一段講1840年,…

1919年.。。

二段講2003年出現(xiàn)了A++(生詞)…

問題是，2003年人們有了A++, 1840年的時候人們沒有什么?

(4) 不同的地點導致強對比關系

例如：In Australia, only,….

In Asia, many, A(生詞)

問題是，Australia缺什么?

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞8. 例如：A for example = ：=—— B

A是理論，B是解釋

GMAT閱讀關鍵詞9. 因果關系：

(1) 大因果關系/分句間因果關系(即：原因、結果是兩句話)

because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result

(2) 小因果關系/句內因果關系(在一句話中，通過v.來表達)

例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.

Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect, influence, attribute to.

Attribute A to B, 把A歸因于B (因為B所以A)

以上就是對于雅思閱讀關鍵詞的相關介紹，往往我們看到這些詞就大致知道下面想要表示內容，并方便我們找出作文的意圖，最后祝大家能考出好成績。

雅思考試閱讀輔導資料

A.

When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004， the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.

B.

So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%， the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.

C

Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations， to be “l(fā)ocally relevant”， and to improve the experience of visiting his 6，400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers， treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.

D.

He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50，000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.

E.

Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”， the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants， are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired： last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.

F.

To stay in touch with local needs and preferences， McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia， though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers， for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was， in fact， buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum， a German model， as local brand ambassadors.

G.

In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.

H.

Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France， but Britain.

I.

“Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants， but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer.

J.

M.Mark Wiltamuth， an analyst at Morgan Stanley， estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.

2. Starting from last year， detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.

3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe， but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.

4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.

5. According to David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS， David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.

6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.

Questions 7-10

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.

7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.

A. difficult

B. menial

C. terrible

D. excellent

8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?

A. It tends to make people fat.

B. Its operations are very vague.

C. It tends to exploit workers.

D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.

9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?

A. “Food Studio” scheme.

B. “Open Door” visitor days.

C. The “McPassport” scheme.

D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.

10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?

A. set up a “Food Studio” .

B. established a “Design Studio”.

C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.

D. employed local bosses as much as possible.

Questions 11-14

Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

11. After January 2004， McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were ………………………….

12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..

13. Compared with other countries， France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.

14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II

Notes to Reading Passage 1

1.sterling高質量的

e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有許多優(yōu)秀的品質。

2. menial 不體面的， 乏味的(工作、職業(yè))

3. spruce up打扮整齊、漂亮、裝飾

4. mastermind指揮、謀劃(一個計劃或活動)

e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是誰策劃了那次搶劫。

5. underperform表現(xiàn)不佳表現(xiàn)出低于標準的工作水平、企業(yè)出現(xiàn)虧本

Part III

Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14

1. FALSE

See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.

2. TRUE

See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”

3. NOT GIVEN

See Paragraph D， E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.

4. FALSE

See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France， but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”

5. TRUE

See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS”.

6. NOT GIVEN

See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer”.

7. D

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.

8. B

See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers， treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment”

9. C

See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired： last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”

10. A

See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.

11. sluggish or declining

See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004， the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”

12. seasonal menu offerings

See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.

13.most profitable market

See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.

14. 15%

See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.