雅思閱讀高分的3大必備基本功分析

陳鈴1147由分享時(shí)間：2020-09-02 11:19:36

閱讀是最需要積累的一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言能力，詞匯、句法乃至常見(jiàn)文章寫(xiě)法、思路，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)了雅思閱讀高分的3大必備基本功分析，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀高分的3大必備基本功分析

其一：“點(diǎn)穴”

——正確認(rèn)識(shí)和有效提高詞匯量。

即便是土生土長(zhǎng)的老外也會(huì)遇到生詞，莫說(shuō)很多倉(cāng)促上陣的考鴨們。而且考試時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)，不可能一字一句毫無(wú)遺漏地讀完。所以筆者提倡根據(jù)考試選材的常見(jiàn)類別進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的專題復(fù)習(xí)，加以一定的技巧，是可以在短期內(nèi)有效提高單詞的。比如劍4test3中的火山一文，除了學(xué)習(xí)文中的詞匯，還可以把滑坡landslide,海嘯tsunami等詞加以銜接，達(dá)到舉一反三的效果。若能結(jié)合國(guó)家地理或者探索頻道的相關(guān)節(jié)目，效果會(huì)更好。建議抽取其中一兩個(gè)段落進(jìn)行精讀，尤其熟悉短語(yǔ)和句型的表達(dá)，這樣詞匯必將更上一層樓。

同時(shí)要注意近義詞的表達(dá)和積累。這在summary和是非題中都有體現(xiàn)。題目往往來(lái)個(gè)易容之術(shù)，殊不知真相就在眼前。比如“下降”一詞，就至少有diminish,dwindle,plunge,plummet,等等，而詞的用法和感情色彩有各自不同。前兩者表示逐步下降，而后兩者強(qiáng)調(diào)劇烈，突然的程度。

另一方面，對(duì)詞性的把握要到位，這一點(diǎn)在summary中極為突出?？荚囍谐？嫉臒o(wú)外乎動(dòng)詞，名詞以及形容詞。預(yù)先估計(jì)出所填詞的詞性和大意，往往能先發(fā)制人。比如劍五global warming的summary(第28頁(yè))可以在不看文章的情況下靈活判斷，第39題課根據(jù)常理進(jìn)行合理推斷出之有通過(guò)正確而有效的方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖，縱觀所有選項(xiàng)，只有right符合。

此法好比武學(xué)之中的點(diǎn)穴秘籍，搏擊之時(shí)拿人要穴，一擊中的，可起四兩撥千斤之效。關(guān)鍵之時(shí)一詞語(yǔ)能救人。務(wù)必持之以恒，方見(jiàn)成效。

其二：“經(jīng)脈”

——語(yǔ)法要疏通

語(yǔ)法無(wú)用論是堅(jiān)決錯(cuò)誤的!語(yǔ)法好比人體經(jīng)絡(luò)，詞匯好比氣血，即便表面血?dú)馔ⅲ?jīng)脈不通，隱藏的病癥就會(huì)郁積的越厲害，發(fā)作之時(shí)如燎原之勢(shì)必然一發(fā)不可收拾。沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法的詞匯就像是脫韁的野馬，散落的珍珠，無(wú)法夠成一個(gè)有力的整體，發(fā)揮不了原有的效力。

筆者也不提倡死背語(yǔ)法，而提倡活學(xué)活用。常用的語(yǔ)法如通過(guò)連接詞判斷詞語(yǔ)乃至句子之間的聯(lián)系，判斷句子的主謂賓，分析從句這都是基本功。即使找到題目所蘊(yùn)含的關(guān)鍵詞切莫高興的太早，一定要仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。往往答案巧妙的隱藏在原文之中，卻不是光看表面就找的出來(lái)的。

其三：“內(nèi)息”

——長(zhǎng)難句秒速拆解

1.養(yǎng)成意群(sense group)閱讀的習(xí)慣

我們平時(shí)在進(jìn)行中文閱讀時(shí)，往往讀得很快，每一行匆匆一掃就能看懂大致的意思，我們用我們的母語(yǔ)可以做到快速閱讀，外國(guó)人用他們的母語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)也能做到快速閱讀。那我們讀英文是否也可以像讀中文一樣，快速一掃就能知道大概意思呢?答案是肯定的，其實(shí)我們之所以在讀中文時(shí)可以達(dá)到那么快的速度是因?yàn)槲覀儠?huì)幾個(gè)詞一塊兒讀，意思完整的一塊兒讀，而不是逐字地讀。那么相對(duì)地，讀英文時(shí)，我們也可以通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練達(dá)到幾個(gè)詞一起讀的功力，把不能分割的詞合并形成意群，這樣將會(huì)大大提高我們的閱讀速度。平時(shí)我們可以搜集一些長(zhǎng)難句，專門(mén)進(jìn)行意群訓(xùn)練，慢慢養(yǎng)成快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。

2. 盡量不要整句回看

很多同學(xué)平時(shí)在讀文章的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)注意力不集中，看了一遍不懂就趕緊返回去再看，有時(shí)候看了一遍不懂，要看三、四遍，有的時(shí)候即使看了三、四遍還是不懂。這個(gè)習(xí)慣非常不好，很容易打亂閱讀文章的節(jié)奏(pace)。所以平時(shí)在做雅思閱讀或是閱讀其他英文材料的時(shí)候，就要強(qiáng)迫自己高度集中注意力，一遍完成。雖然訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程會(huì)很痛苦，但是經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)階段的訓(xùn)練，將會(huì)對(duì)我們的英語(yǔ)閱讀有非常大的幫助。

雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-Man or Machine

During July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.

While the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.動(dòng)力學(xué)) and bipedal (adj. 兩足動(dòng)物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.擬人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.

Cog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso (n.軀干) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.

MIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.

These are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.

Such robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.

Questions 1-6

Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

1 different ways of using robots

2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult

3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots

4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots

5 the pros and cons of creating robots

6 a robot that has eyebrows

Questions 7-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .

雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-Man or Machine

文章題目：Man or Machine

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：

體裁

議論文

題目

是人還是機(jī)器

結(jié)構(gòu)

A. ASMID研制成功并向公眾展示的社會(huì)影響

B. CSAIL一直致力于研制擬人機(jī)器人

C. Cog是有著和人來(lái)一樣的比例的機(jī)器人

D. 在創(chuàng)造類人互動(dòng)機(jī)器人方面, MIT走在前端

E. 類人機(jī)器人的發(fā)展空間

F. 創(chuàng)造類人機(jī)器人的利與弊

試題分析：

Question 1-13

題目類型：Information in relevant paragraph

定位詞

文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)

題目解析

Different ways

E段第4句

E段開(kāi)頭就引出創(chuàng)造機(jī)器人的成就, 隨后并提出這些成就有一定的發(fā)展空間, 直到第四句說(shuō)明這些類人機(jī)器人have a plethora of uses,用途多樣. 因此答案為E

The same proportion

...adult

C段第2句

C段第2句提到cog has a head...and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. 表明該機(jī)器人是按照成年人人體比例創(chuàng)造的, 因此答案為C

Copied replaced

F段第3句

F段第三句the aim to create...by the sense human...can be substituted..., that can be simulated 都表示人類可被機(jī)器等取代.因此答案為F

Comparison

ASIMO... Pther robots

D段第2,3句

D段第2句指出ASIMO is...but not an intelligent machine,because it is unable to...learn from experience.第3句又表明robots like...however, are beginning to do this. 體現(xiàn)出其他機(jī)器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自發(fā)學(xué)習(xí). 因此答案為D

Pros and cons

F段第1句

F段開(kāi)頭指出這些機(jī)器人證明了我們看待人性的方式, bring out the best and worst of us.這半句話體現(xiàn)出創(chuàng)造機(jī)器人的利與弊. 因此答案為F

eyebrows

B段倒數(shù)第4句

B段倒數(shù)第四句提到one of MIT’S robots is...and has two eyes...and eyebrows. 因此答案B

Question 7-13 Summary from Reading Passage

summary參考解題思路: 先跳開(kāi)空格把該段通讀一遍, 了解大意, 發(fā)現(xiàn)總體是按照文章段落順序概括的. (如有所遺忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相應(yīng)段落)

解析: 第1句和第2句對(duì)應(yīng)文章A段, 根據(jù)after a period of 7___in the making定位該段第3句, 答案為17 years. 然后根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四句its action are...controlled by scientists through...in its backpack.可以判斷8答案為backpack. 該題第3, 4句對(duì)應(yīng)文章B段, MIT is inventing robots...with the ability to 8___humans定位該段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判斷9答案為interact with. 根據(jù)Kismet ...has various...by human interlocutors定位原文倒數(shù)第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案為facial expressions. 第5,6句對(duì)應(yīng)原文C段, robot from MIT，proportion定位該段第1, 2句得出11答案為Cog/cognition. 最后根據(jù)該段最后一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判斷12答案為sensors, 13 答案為intelligence.

參考翻譯：

是人還是機(jī)器

在2003年7月，曼徹斯特的劍橋博物館陳列了Honda稱之為“世界最先進(jìn)的人性機(jī)器人”：ASIMO (即“創(chuàng)新移動(dòng)的進(jìn)步之舉)。Honda的智力產(chǎn)物正在北美巡回展示，所過(guò)之處，總能令現(xiàn)眾開(kāi)心不已。17年的辛苦制作，ASIMO高4英尺，重115磅，以小孩的形態(tài)穿著宇航服。在遠(yuǎn)距離看不清ASIMO,近距離下ASIMO面帶微笑，兩個(gè)大眼睛包含著攝像頭。它不能自己行走，得由科學(xué)家通過(guò)機(jī)器人背包上的電腦遠(yuǎn)程控制。觀察ASIMO在曼徹斯特的表演，很令人驚訝，它具有人性的特征。ASIMO走來(lái)走去的時(shí)候，上下樓梯的時(shí)候，現(xiàn)眾總是爆發(fā)出喝彩聲。展示過(guò)后，許多人跟我說(shuō)，他們喜歡機(jī)器人在日常生活中起更大的作用——有人甚至說(shuō)：機(jī)器人就像是人一樣。

日本人大踏步地解決人類動(dòng)力學(xué)和兩足動(dòng)物移動(dòng)的工程問(wèn)題。與此同時(shí)，近十年來(lái)，MIT的前人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室AI(現(xiàn)在重新命名為電腦科學(xué)人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室CSAIL)—直致力于研制能夠類似于人類，同時(shí)能與人互動(dòng)的機(jī)器人。Kismet是MIT的擬人機(jī)器人，有一個(gè)像人一樣的頭，有兩只眼睛(也有眼瞼)，耳朵，嘴巴，眉毛。它可以做好些面部表情，比如開(kāi)心，悲傷，驚恐，討厭。與之對(duì)話，我們可以獲得機(jī)器人的些許面部表情，從而改換面對(duì)機(jī)器人的態(tài)度。比如說(shuō)：當(dāng)機(jī)器人表現(xiàn)出“悲傷”的時(shí)候，就與機(jī)器人玩耍.Kismet如今位于MIT的博物館，但這里發(fā)展的理念將繼續(xù)在新的機(jī)器人身上被探索。

COG(認(rèn)知cognition的縮寫(xiě))是另外一個(gè)前MIT智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室的先驅(qū)項(xiàng)目。有頭，兩條胳膊，手臂和軀干，其比例最早是由實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究員的身體測(cè)量而來(lái)的。COG被用來(lái)檢測(cè)機(jī)器人學(xué)的體現(xiàn)和發(fā)展，特別是通過(guò)傳感器去發(fā)展智力反應(yīng)周邊環(huán)境方面，以及通過(guò)互動(dòng)類型學(xué)習(xí)方面。

在創(chuàng)造類人互動(dòng)機(jī)器人方面，MIT無(wú)疑走得最遠(yuǎn)。有些科學(xué)家爭(zhēng)辯道：ASIMO是一個(gè)偉大的工程，但并不算是智力機(jī)器。因?yàn)樗荒茏詣?dòng)以有意義的方式與未知情況互動(dòng)，也不能從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)。COG和Kismet,以及在MIT的CSAIL媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室的新機(jī)器人卻是可以自發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)的。

這些都是令人激動(dòng)的進(jìn)展。創(chuàng)造一個(gè)機(jī)器，能走，能做手勢(shì)，能從環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)，這是了不起的成就。看看這種發(fā)展空間吧：這些現(xiàn)有成就都還能夠很快地加以改進(jìn)。類人機(jī)器人能在社會(huì)上具有廣泛的用途：把人們從日?，嵤轮薪夥懦鰜?lái)。舉個(gè)例子：在日本，人們想創(chuàng)造出精密的機(jī)器人，能夠與正常人做一樣的工作，比如說(shuō)消防隊(duì)員，宇航員，工作地點(diǎn)和家中醫(yī)護(hù)助手，以便于部分地抵消老齡化的影響。

這些機(jī)器人證明了我們看待人性的方式，它們也表現(xiàn)出了我們?nèi)祟愔凶詈玫暮妥畈畹姆矫妗Ｒ环矫?，這些發(fā)展表達(dá)了人類創(chuàng)新性，也就是我們有能力去發(fā)明，實(shí)驗(yàn)，和延長(zhǎng)對(duì)世界的控制。另一方面，創(chuàng)造類人機(jī)器人的目標(biāo)被去個(gè)性化的理念所刺激。人類友情將讓路于機(jī)器。當(dāng)人類與技術(shù)互動(dòng)時(shí)，人類失去了人性?；蛘哒f(shuō)，我們?nèi)祟惒贿^(guò)是表面和樓式行為而己，能夠被鋼鐵和電路所取代。

參考答案：

Version 17203 主題仿生小機(jī)器人

17 years

backpack

interact with

facial expressions

Cog/Cognition

sensors

intelligence