雅思閱讀段落匹配題答題方法詳解
匹配題是雅思閱讀考試重點(diǎn)題型之一,分為人名觀點(diǎn)匹配、事物特征匹配、段落信息匹配和半句式匹配。今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x段落匹配題答題方法詳解,希望能幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀段落匹配題答題方法詳解
顧名思義,段落信息匹配是指題目中給出若干個(gè)句子,且均是原文某段中某些細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的改寫,要求考生在題號(hào)前寫出這些句子含義所在的段落編號(hào),有時(shí)題目要求中會(huì)提示:NB you may use any letter more than once. 這便意味著至少有兩道題目出自同一段落。本題型著重考察信息篩選與定位的能力。
解答此類題目試,首先要關(guān)注是否有“more than once”這樣的提示,然后讀一下每道題目的句子,大致判斷其在文中的位置,各題目大致排序,然后到目標(biāo)段落定位關(guān)鍵詞,關(guān)鍵詞指的是題目中句子的核心詞或詞組,當(dāng)然,這些詞和詞組在原文必然會(huì)以同義詞的形式出現(xiàn),要注意甄別。
細(xì)節(jié)性的規(guī)律為,如果某道題描述的是背景、歷史,比如帶有明顯的background\history這種提示詞,則重點(diǎn)去文章第一二段定位答案,此兩段重點(diǎn)描述寫作背景,如果題目描述中帶有比較明顯的預(yù)測(cè)、未來、推廣等含義則重點(diǎn)去末尾兩段定位,此兩段主要是對(duì)整篇文章的總結(jié)和對(duì)未來的展望。
下面我們以劍橋真題6中第一套題的第一篇文章做個(gè)較為細(xì)致的講解。
1) a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
分析:通過reference一詞可以得知本句是關(guān)于某個(gè)內(nèi)容的介紹,而介紹是背景段的主要作用,本題主要介紹的是不同體育項(xiàng)目,因此定位在1~2段。其中提到不同項(xiàng)目,主要找舉例、不同、差異這類定位詞,可以看到B段第三句AIS scientists work across a number of sports,applying skills learned in one對(duì)應(yīng)題目1中的the exchange of expertise between different sports。
2) an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
分析:通過explanation一詞可以看出本句屬于原理解釋,位于文章中間,解釋的對(duì)象是視覺影響,也就是說要去文章中間幾段定位影像、圖片、照片等關(guān)鍵詞。我們可以從文中C段明顯看到3D這一表示相機(jī)和拍照的大寫定位,順而向下可以看到在倒數(shù)第二句It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second,這句話對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的視覺影像一詞。
3) a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
分析:通過narrowing一詞可以說明本句意思是縮小研究領(lǐng)域的原因??芍芯款I(lǐng)域的確定應(yīng)該在具體研究開始之前,上一題中已經(jīng)開始闡述具體通過視覺影像來進(jìn)行研究,所以本題定位在C之前??梢钥吹紹段倒數(shù)第二句They all focus on one aim: winning.對(duì)應(yīng)題目3中的narrowing the scope of research activity。
4) how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
解析:Reproduce一詞意思為復(fù)制和效仿,根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以明顯判斷出此類觀點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在文章結(jié)尾。F段首句Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried.
5) how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
分析:本題也是考察某種因素是如何被調(diào)查研究的,通過第2和第3題,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)查研究屬于文章CD兩段內(nèi)容,其中C重點(diǎn)說視覺影響,而D段其中第三句'His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. 'If he can improve on his turns,he can do much better,這句話是指影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員提高表現(xiàn)的因素是如何被提高和改善的。
6) an overview of the funded support of athletes
分析:overview一詞表明此題是對(duì)某內(nèi)容的綜述,應(yīng)該直接定位文章首段,文章A段主要概述了澳大利亞對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的支持,其中倒數(shù)第二句, Another body, the Australian Sports Commission , finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. 對(duì)應(yīng)題目6中的the funded support.
7) how performance requirements are calculated before an event
分析:本題需要定位比賽開始前所發(fā)生的事情,E段講述了比賽前對(duì)成績的預(yù)期和訓(xùn)練。其中第二句Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model', 對(duì)應(yīng)題目7中的before an event.
雅思考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析
A.
When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.
B.
So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%, the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
C
Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations, to be “l(fā)ocally relevant”, and to improve the experience of visiting his 6,400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
D.
He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50,000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
E.
Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”, the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants, are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.
F.
To stay in touch with local needs and preferences, McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia, though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers, for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was, in fact, buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum, a German model, as local brand ambassadors.
G.
In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
H.
Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain.
I.
“Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants, but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer.
J.
M.Mark Wiltamuth, an analyst at Morgan Stanley, estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.
2. Starting from last year, detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.
3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe, but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.
4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.
5. According to David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS, David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.
6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
Questions 7-10
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.
7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
Questions 11-14
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. After January 2004, McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were ………………………….
12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..
13. Compared with other countries, France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.
14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1.sterling高質(zhì)量的
e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有許多優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。
2. menial 不體面的, 乏味的(工作、職業(yè))
3. spruce up打扮整齊、漂亮、裝飾
4. mastermind指揮、謀劃(一個(gè)計(jì)劃或活動(dòng))
e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是誰策劃了那次搶劫。
5. underperform表現(xiàn)不佳表現(xiàn)出低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作水平、企業(yè)出現(xiàn)虧本
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14
1. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.
2. TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative, launched last year, put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories, protein, fat, carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”
3. NOT GIVEN
See Paragraph D, E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe, it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman, using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.
4. FALSE
See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France, but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”
5. TRUE
See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority,” says David Palmer, a restaurant analyst at UBS”.
6. NOT GIVEN
See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible, says Mr Palmer”.
7. D
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France, where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.
8. B
See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat, exploiting workers, treating animals cruelly, polluting the environment”
9. C
See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired: last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”
10. A
See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”, where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.
11. sluggish or declining
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004, the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia, but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”
12. seasonal menu offerings
See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain, and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.
13.most profitable market
See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.
14. 15%
See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1,214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned, compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.