托福聽力如何培養(yǎng)邊聽邊記能力

托福聽力如何培養(yǎng)邊聽邊記能力?正確的訓練方法看這里。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃θ绾闻囵B(yǎng)邊聽邊記能力，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福聽力如何培養(yǎng)邊聽邊記能力?正確的訓練方法看這里

托福聽力聽寫技巧怎么練?

考生想要訓練出足以應對托福聽力的聽寫技巧，就需要注意聽和寫兩者之間的平衡，既不能讓聽耽誤了記筆記，也不能為了記筆記而漏聽了重要細節(jié)。這其中的度需要把握好。而說到具體的訓練方法，大家需要遵循以下4個步驟來練習：

第一步：聽大意

一段錄音拿到手之后，考生首先要做的是從頭到尾聽幾遍，爭取聽懂其大意，分出句子和段落。這就好比做閱讀先把文章大致過一遍是一個道理，第一遍聽材料也是一樣，先留下正確的初始印象才能為之后的練習打好基礎。

第二步：以句子為單位反復地聽

接下來大家就需要反復聽句子了，這里要注意是以句子為單位，千萬不要一個詞一個詞地聽。每聽一遍都要把自己聽到的詞按照Speaker說話的順序寫下來，沒聽出來的先空著。然后再重復以上操作，直到把自己能聽出來的都寫下來為止。接下來勢必要搞清楚每個詞在句子中的作用，自己寫下來的這個句子的主謂賓都是由哪些詞來擔當。

第三步：自我檢查是否有遺漏環(huán)節(jié)

在重復第二步的操作直到聽完整段錄音后，大家這個時候不要急著查看聽力文本，應該回過頭去查看自己沒有聽出來的地方，以縱覽全篇的角度再推敲一遍沒聽出來的地方。

第四步：查對聽力文本

最后的步驟就是查看并核對聽力文本，這個步驟雖然相對簡單但一定要仔細，考生不能放過任何一個錯誤。而從這些錯誤中，大家才能發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在聽寫訓練中存在的問題和不足，為之后提升聽寫能力找到方向。

2020托福聽力練習：狒狒的叫聲遵循蒙采拉特定律

Communication on Twitter is artificially constrained:140 characters per tweet, max.

So it turns out the more words in a tweet, the shorter each word tends to be—at least according to one analysis.

Sort a makes sense on Twitter: there's a limited amount of space to play with.

But the weird thing is, that pattern—longer phrase, shorter words—also holds true in our everyday language too.

It's called Menzerath's law.

"And it's this idea of essentially compression in information."

Morgan Gustison, a psychologist at the University of Michigan.

"So Menzerath's Law, the way you define it is, the larger the whole, the smaller the parts."

Gustison and her colleagues tested out that rule of human language on the calls of geladas—relatives of baboons.

They analyzed more than a thousand of those call sequences—which are strung together from six distinct call types.

And they found that, just as the law would predict in human communication, the longer the gelada sequence, the shorter the constituent calls.

And the shorter the string? The longer the calls.

The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Gustison says the meaning of the calls is still a bit of a mystery.

But the fact that they obey the rule could suggest something important is going on.

"The interesting thing about it is it suggests there are universal principles that can underpin complex vocal systems.

And so the more you say, you find a more efficient way of saying it.

So that's what we think is going on with the geladas, is that they have so much to say, so they’re finding these strategies to make what they’re saying more efficient."

Might not be a bad thing to consider…the next time you have a lot of say.

在推特上交流會受到人工限制：每一篇最多是140個字符。

而最近的一項分析表明每篇推文內容越豐富，單詞越簡潔。

這似乎很合情理：因為推特只有有限的空間讓用戶進行分享。

狒狒叫聲.jpg

但奇怪的是，這種較長的措辭，簡潔的單詞模式在我們的日常語言中也同樣適用。

這被稱為蒙采拉特定律。

“本質上這是一種信息壓縮理念?！?/p>

密歇根大學的心理學家摩根·古斯特森說道。

因此蒙采拉特定律就如同其定義的一樣，一種語言結構越長，則構成它的成分越短。

古斯特森和她的同事在人類的親戚狒狒身上檢測人類語言的這種規(guī)則。

研究人員對狒狒的上千種叫聲序列進行了分析，而這些叫聲由6種不同的聲音類型串在一起。

而結果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，就像蒙采拉特定律對人類交流信息的預測一樣，狒狒叫聲也遵循這種規(guī)律，聲音序列時間越長，其組成部分越短。

那聲音類型串越短會怎樣?叫聲越長。

這項研究已在《美國國家科學院院刊》雜志上發(fā)表。

古斯特森表示狒狒這種叫聲有何意義仍是未解之謎。

但狒狒的叫聲也遵循這種規(guī)律表明一些非常重要的事情。

“有趣的是復雜的發(fā)聲體系背后蘊含著一些普遍的規(guī)則。

而你說的話越多，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)更為有效的表達方式。

我們認為狒狒的情況是，由于要交流的東西很多，因此它們采用這樣的方式讓其叫聲更為有效。

下次當你在有很多話要說時，不妨考慮下這種規(guī)律。

1.turn out 關掉;結果是

例句:If I had known my life was going to turn out like this, I would have let them kill me.

如果我早知道自己的人生結局會是如此，我當時寧愿讓他們殺了我。

2.at least 至少

例句:He's been away for at least a week.

他走了總有一個星期吧。

3.according to 根據(jù)

例句:Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming.

據(jù)亨明先生所說，菲利普住在旅館里。

4.vocal system 發(fā)聲系統(tǒng)

例句:As you are training your vocal system, watch the speed of your speaking.

在訓練自己的發(fā)聲系統(tǒng)時，要留意自己的語速。

2020托福聽力練習：科學家扮成北極熊接近麝牛

"So I just don't approach, at least initially, a group of musk oxen."

Joel Berger, with the Wildlife Conservation Society and Colorado State University.

"What I do is to take into account other factors that might reflect their responses. And so what I need to know is something about the group size, whether or not males are in the group. I need to know something about snow depth, about snow penetration or how hard the snow is. And then I'll approach and try to understand whether they stay, whether they flee, whether they charge."

Oh, one more important point. When Berger approaches the musk oxen, on Russia's Wrangel Island north of the Arctic Circle, he's dressed up like a polar bear.

"I know the media has a good time when we dress up as animal models. Of course they do. But remember, two Nobel laureates, Conrad Lorentz and Niko Tinbergen, led the way for getting inside the minds of animals...and they've done this through innovative models."

Polar bears prefer seals for their meals. But the loss of sea ice is forcing them onto the land to hunt for prey that's usually not on their menu. The idea here is to gauge the response of musk oxen to this formerly rare threat.

"It's really tough to get inside the mind of a musk ox and especially to understand from mere anecdotes how they may respond in this emerging dynamic."

Berger works with Russian researchers on their side of the Bering Strait and with Americans in Alaska.

"We're currently in the process of evaluating more than 100 simulated interactions, some that include our three years of work in Alaska, as well as over on the Russian side...the last time I did something like this was about 15 years ago, to understand how moose and other species would respond to the new threat of wolves in and around the Yellowstone system."

Back then, Berger and his wife would get into a moose outfit to be able to get close to the ungulates. I wrote about that effort in 1997. You can find it by googling my name and Joel Berger—a man who's work really suits him. (That joke was unbearable.)

“我不會靠近，至少不會從一開始就靠近一群麝牛。”

喬爾·博格在野生動物保護協(xié)會和科羅拉多州立大學工作。

“我采取的方法是，把其他可能影響它們反應的因素都考慮進去。我需要知道麝牛群的規(guī)模，這群麝牛里是否有雄性麝牛。我還要了解積雪的深度、滲透性及硬度。之后我才會逐漸靠近它們，試圖去了解它們是會留在原地，會逃走，還是會發(fā)動攻擊?！?/p>

還有一個重點。博格在位于北極圈以北的俄羅斯弗蘭格爾島靠近麝牛時，他會打扮得像一只北極熊。

“我知道媒體看到我們打扮成動物的樣子會很高興。他們當然會高興。不過要記住，引領我們去了解動物思想的是兩位諾貝爾獎獲得者——康拉德·洛倫茲和尼古拉斯·廷伯根，他們采用的就是創(chuàng)新模式?！?/p>

北極熊最愛吃海豹。但是海冰的減少迫使它們去陸地上捕食本不在它們捕食范圍內的獵物。博格的目的是評估麝牛面對這種罕見威脅時的反應。

“了解麝牛的想法真的非常難，只憑軼事來了解他們會如何應對這種新出現(xiàn)的變化更難?！?/p>

博格同俄羅斯研究人員在白令海峽劃分的俄羅斯境內一起工作，同美國研究人員在阿拉斯加工作。

“目前我們正在對100余個模擬交互作用進行評估，這其中包括阿拉斯加方面三年的工作成果，以及俄羅斯方面的成果，我上次做這種工作是在15年前，當時我研究的是駝鹿和其他物種如何應對黃石公園內部和周邊狼群的威脅?！?/p>

那時，博格和他的妻子會穿上駝鹿裝，以接近這一有蹄類哺乳動物。1997年時我曾寫過有關那次研究的文章。聽眾可以用谷歌搜索我和博格的名字找到這篇文章，博格的工作真的很適合他。(這個玩笑很無聊)

重點講解：

1. take into account 考慮到;把…計算在內;

例句：He will take into account my request.

他會考慮我的要求。

2. dress up 裝扮;打扮;

例句：He often dresses up as a superman.

他經常把自己裝扮成超人。

3. hunt for (人)打獵，獵殺;(動物)獵食;

例句：Davy liked to hunt for bears best of all.

大衛(wèi)最喜歡獵熊了。

4. repond to 應對;作出回應;作出反應;

例句：A child's age affects the child how repond to the diaster.

孩子的年齡也會影響他們對災難的反應。