托福聽力態(tài)度題如何判斷選項(xiàng)
托福聽力態(tài)度題如何判斷選項(xiàng)?這4種方法思路不可不學(xué)。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈B犃B(tài)度題如何判斷選項(xiàng),希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力態(tài)度題如何判斷選項(xiàng)?這4種方法思路不可不學(xué)
通過基本語音語調(diào)來判斷
說到情感態(tài)度,最先要提的就是語音語調(diào)。聽力中升調(diào)分為兩種:直升調(diào)和轉(zhuǎn)升調(diào)。直升調(diào)一般表示疑問;轉(zhuǎn)升調(diào)一般表示擔(dān)心,憂慮,疑惑,極度懷疑。句子以升調(diào)結(jié)尾,一般來講,大多數(shù)情況下表達(dá)如下三種情感:1 確認(rèn)信息 2質(zhì)疑(驚訝)態(tài)度 3 期待得到更多話題相關(guān)信息。一般來講,出現(xiàn)頻率的高低是:信息確認(rèn)最多;其次是期待得到更多話題相關(guān)信息;再次是質(zhì)疑(驚訝)態(tài)度。
結(jié)合強(qiáng)烈語氣詞匯來判斷
部分詞語,如果配合適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z調(diào),會(huì)對文章結(jié)構(gòu)和走向有指引作用。
Now、OK、So、Well這些詞用在聽力文章中的段首時(shí),往往伴隨著非常強(qiáng)烈明顯的語調(diào)。這種情況在國外真實(shí)上課環(huán)境中也是經(jīng)常能遇到的。教授在深入講解一個(gè)話題之后,為了轉(zhuǎn)換到下一話題,老師往往會(huì)用NOW這樣的詞去喚醒學(xué)生的注意(或者喚醒已經(jīng)睡著的學(xué)生)。語調(diào)的變化往往意味著話題的轉(zhuǎn)變,也意味著課程內(nèi)容的變化。所以說,這類詞出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,往往是承上啟下,開啟新話題的標(biāo)志。這類詞之后的內(nèi)容一定是至關(guān)重要,與考點(diǎn)直接相關(guān)的。
常用短語也是判斷線索
此外聽力文章中會(huì)有很多表示驚訝和詫異態(tài)度的短語,在聽力中一般會(huì)針對這些表達(dá)出重聽題。
比較典型的此類表達(dá)有:My god, Jesus。但是事實(shí)上,這類表達(dá)在真題中出現(xiàn)概率并不大,考的也很少,相比而言,類似于wow和Oops這樣的更加隱蔽的情感表達(dá)更容易被設(shè)題,也更容易被學(xué)生所忽略。具體練習(xí)方式,可參看我的“五遍聽力法”。
反問句式體現(xiàn)說話態(tài)度
還有一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié),也可以反映出說話者明確態(tài)度,值得注意。這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)就是反義疑問句的讀法。
在我們接受的傳統(tǒng)教育中,老師往往會(huì)讓學(xué)生以疑問句的方式讀出反義疑問句。換言之,反義疑問句是升調(diào)結(jié)束。但是事實(shí)上,很多時(shí)候,老外也會(huì)用降調(diào)方式去說反義疑問句。我在留學(xué)期間,經(jīng)常聽見教授上課時(shí)用反義疑問區(qū)表達(dá)特別肯定的情感。比如:“油跟水是不相容的,不是嘛?”如果這樣一句英文用降調(diào)讀出來,聽來就特別像是:“油跟水是不相容的,沒錯(cuò)吧?”托福作為語言能力測試,必然會(huì)如實(shí)反映老外說話的習(xí)慣。所以當(dāng)聽力原文中,反義疑問句用降調(diào)說出,老師特別期待學(xué)生給出肯定的回答。
2020托福聽力練習(xí):抗嗝化合物減少奶牛甲烷排放
The global population is now nearly seven and a half billion.
And that's just humans.
Because our planet is also home to one-and-a-half-billion cows, another billion sheep, and a billion goats.
Their combined belches account for a full fifth of the world's methane emissions—and methane is about 30 times more potent at trapping heat than CO2.
But those methane emissions might get cut—by feeding the grazers something called 3-nitro oxypropanol.
"I can tell you, they like it.
No rejection at all."
Maik Kindermann, an organic chemist at DSM Nutritional Products in Switzerland.
Liking it, in the cow world, he says basically means they'll still gobble up their food, even with this stuff mixed in.
Kindermann's company developed the additive a few years back.
And it only targets those methane-belching microbes, while leaving the rest of the microbiome untouched.
The result?
A 30 percent decrease in methane emissions.
The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Kindermann says he thinks the compound could be a win-win for the planet—and the animals.
"You know the methane is kind of a waste product.
And this energy, instead of losing it for the animal, it can be reused for the animal in terms of performance, and at the same time we are doing something for greenhouse gas emission and climate change."
The product's not on the market yet—toxicology tests are ongoing.
But the hope is that it might take some of the heat off of beef.
現(xiàn)在全世界人口數(shù)量約是75億。
但這只是人類的數(shù)量。
因?yàn)槲覀兊牡厍蛞彩?5億奶牛、10億綿羊及10億山羊的家園。
這些動(dòng)物反芻所排放的甲烷總量約占世界總量的1/5—而同時(shí)甲烷吸收熱量的能力約是二氧化碳的30倍。
但在這些食草動(dòng)物被喂食名為3-nitrooxypropanol的抗嗝化合物后,甲烷的排放量正在減少。
“我可以告訴你,它們真的很喜歡這種化合物。
真的一點(diǎn)也不排斥?!?/p>
瑞士DSM營養(yǎng)產(chǎn)品的有機(jī)化學(xué)家馬克·金德曼說道。
他表示奶牛們非常喜歡這種化合物,即使添加到食物中,奶牛們?nèi)詴?huì)狼吞虎咽。
金德曼的公司在幾年前研發(fā)出這種添加劑。
這種添加劑會(huì)攔截動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的微生物生成產(chǎn)生甲烷至關(guān)重要的酶。
而3-nitrooxypropanol只針對生成甲烷的微生物,其他微生物則不受影響。
結(jié)果如何呢?
甲烷排放減少30%。
這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上發(fā)表。
金德曼認(rèn)為這種化合物對地球和人類而言是一種雙贏。
“甲烷是一種廢物。
動(dòng)物們可以再利用這種能源,而不是進(jìn)行浪費(fèi),與此同時(shí),我們在為溫室氣體排放及氣候變化盡一份力?!?/p>
這款產(chǎn)品正在進(jìn)行毒性測試,目前還未在市場上流通。
但我們希望的是,能夠減少牛肉的一些熱量。
1.account for 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任
例句:Computers account for 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.
計(jì)算機(jī)占去該國商業(yè)用電的5%。
2.get cut 減少
例句:If you are going to stand in front then it will get cut.
如果你站在植物前面就會(huì)被剪到。
3.at all 根本;簡直
例句:I certainly don't remember talking to you at all.
我當(dāng)然完全不記得和你講過話。
4.mix in 混合
例句:Add the milk to the flour, and then mix in three eggs.
往面粉里加牛奶,再拌入3個(gè)雞蛋。
2020托福聽力練習(xí):爬山熊幫助櫻桃樹種子遷徙
Picture a brave fireman carrying a pet from a burning building.
Now, imagine that global warming is the burning building, a cherry tree is the pet, and a bear is the fireman.
You've now got the gist of a new study that finds that cherry trees may be able to survive rising temperatures thanks to mountain-climbing bears that carry the cherry tree seeds to cooler climes.
It's projected that, over the next hundred years, temperatures on Earth could rise an average of nearly five degrees Celsius.
While some animals might be able to migrate north to escape the brunt of the heat, plants can't uproot themselves quite so easily.
But researchers wondered whether the creatures that disperse plant seeds might be able to help.
So scientists spent three years sifting through the droppings of Asiatic bears, looking for cherry tree seeds.
And they found that the bears were indeed transporting the seeds to cooler locations—not by moving to higher latitudes, but higher altitudes.
Seems the bears snack on the fruits that are found at the foot of the mountains in spring and then make the climb to higher elevations to enjoy young leaves and buds and flowers, particularly as the season progresses.
The researchers could tell that seeds had been deposited higher up the mountain than they had been harvested by the ratio of their oxygen isotopes, which changes with altitude.
And the 300 or so meters the seeds ascended should buy the resulting trees a degree or two in heat relief.
The study is in the journal Current Biology.
The finding is good news for plants, like cherry trees, that fruit in spring.
Unfortunately, the results suggest that plants that fruit in fall, when bears are headed back down for hibernation, will have to hold out for a different animal hero.
Or for a bear with a bad sense of direction.
想象一下一位奮不顧身的消防隊(duì)員將一只寵物從熊熊大火建筑物中搶救出來的情景。
現(xiàn)在,想象下全球變暖就是著火的建筑物,櫻桃樹就是那只寵物,而熊就是這位英勇的消防員。
現(xiàn)在你肯定已經(jīng)或多或少了解到這項(xiàng)新的研究,那就是得益于爬山熊將櫻桃樹的種子帶到?jīng)鏊牡貐^(qū),這種樹木才可以在高溫條件下存活。
預(yù)計(jì)未來的100年中,地表平均溫度將上升5攝氏度。
而很多動(dòng)物可能會(huì)前往北部地區(qū)躲避高溫,但植物卻不能夠輕易搬家。
但研究人員認(rèn)為如果動(dòng)物能夠傳播植物的種子可能會(huì)起到幫助。
因此科學(xué)家們歷時(shí)三年仔細(xì)尋找亞洲熊糞便中的櫻桃樹種。
而結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)亞洲熊實(shí)際上將種子帶到了更為涼爽的地方—不是前往高緯度地區(qū),而是到了高海拔地區(qū)。
亞洲熊在春天會(huì)以山腳下的水果為食,而隨著季節(jié)的推進(jìn),它們就會(huì)爬到更高處享用那里的嫩葉,花蕾及花朵。
通過研究氧同位素的比例,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著海拔的變化,種子所在地區(qū)的海拔會(huì)升高。
種子所在地區(qū)的海拔每增加300米左右,溫度就會(huì)降低1-2度。
這項(xiàng)研究已經(jīng)在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表。
這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對櫻桃樹等春天結(jié)果的植物是個(gè)利好消息。
但不幸的是,這項(xiàng)研究表明由于亞洲熊們已經(jīng)去冬眠,因此秋天結(jié)果的植物就只能期待另外的救星。
或者是依賴一只方向感不太好的熊。
1.thanks to 由于;因?yàn)?/p>
例句:Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.
多虧了那份工作我才成了一個(gè)喜歡閱讀的人。
2.be able to 能夠
例句:If only I could get some sleep, I would be able to cope.
要是能睡上一會(huì)兒,我就能應(yīng)付了。
3.look for 尋找
例句:I was just going to look for you and here you are.
我正要找你,恰好你來了。
4.cherry tree 櫻桃樹
例句:Plum was grafted on the cherry tree.
櫻桃樹上嫁接李子。