托福聽力從小白到大神之做筆記要明確這3個(gè)要求
托福聽力從小白到大神, 做筆記要明確這3個(gè)要求。今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈Ｂ犃男“椎酱笊? ，希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福聽力從小白到大神 做筆記要明確這3個(gè)要求
記錄信息不求全面只求核心
托福聽力做題時(shí)做筆記應(yīng)該是大家都需要做的一件事，而圍繞如何做筆記其實(shí)也有很多講究。這其中有一點(diǎn)十分重要，那就是大家對(duì)于記筆記的根本認(rèn)識(shí)。小編接觸過許多同學(xué)，剛開始學(xué)習(xí)做筆記技巧，都會(huì)下意識(shí)地在每次聽力過程中，都盡可能把筆記記得完整詳細(xì)，有時(shí)候甚至要和原文一致，聽到什么都恨不得一字不漏的寫下來。但這么做的結(jié)果卻往往是寫了半天，發(fā)現(xiàn)聽到的內(nèi)容都不清楚，最后這筆記對(duì)于解題完全派不上用處，相當(dāng)于全都白寫了。
正確的做好聽力筆記，大家需要從根本上明確目標(biāo)，清楚自己到底應(yīng)該記什么。具體來講，托福聽力記筆記不求多，只求精。大家要記的核心是答題點(diǎn)，要學(xué)會(huì)抓關(guān)鍵詞：主題、觀點(diǎn)、細(xì)節(jié)、原因、例子、專用名詞、概念、人名、事件、時(shí)、地、數(shù)、形容詞、連接詞。這些才是考生真正需要記錄好的信息。
主動(dòng)培養(yǎng)良好的筆記習(xí)慣
除了不清楚到底該記錄哪些信息外，考生做聽力筆記需要注意的另一點(diǎn)則是對(duì)筆記不能盲目信賴。很多同學(xué)其實(shí)在經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間訓(xùn)練后已經(jīng)有了邊聽邊記的習(xí)慣，但這種習(xí)慣同時(shí)也會(huì)給人帶來一定的依賴心理，比如大家會(huì)認(rèn)為筆記只要能記下來，就一定能幫助聽力記憶，一定能發(fā)揮作用。小編要告訴抱有這種想法的同學(xué)，只有好的筆記才有用。
做筆記的總體原則在于要按照順序來記錄，也就是要按照各部分材料出現(xiàn)的順序來記錄，比如閱讀、聽力材料的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)順序記關(guān)鍵信息。而好的筆記不能只記錄了信息，筆記不僅要包含易于考生尋找的細(xì)節(jié)信息，也需要體現(xiàn)聽到內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關(guān)系。只有把整體敘述內(nèi)容的脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)記錄準(zhǔn)確，大家才能更好地應(yīng)對(duì)那些以素材邏輯關(guān)系為出題點(diǎn)的難題。
建立自己的速記符號(hào)體系
托福聽力部分的時(shí)間很緊張，說是爭分奪秒也絕不為過。而無論大家手速有多快，記筆記的速度基本上是沒有說話速度快的，所以記錄筆記也要能簡則簡，不用在意單詞拼寫和書法美觀，記錄的形式也可以多樣化一些，大家用中文、拼音甚至圖形等代表單詞都是完全可行的。
說到這里小編又怕有同學(xué)走極端，為了追求速度寫得過于潦草，甚至連幾分鐘前自己寫的都認(rèn)不出來;或者長篇文字用了大量符號(hào)，回看的時(shí)候卻想不起代表什么意思。筆記最終還是應(yīng)該服務(wù)于考試，需要發(fā)揮它應(yīng)有的價(jià)值。以下是幾種比較有效的聽力做筆記簡記方法，可供參考：
1. 縮寫法
例如as soon as possible寫成ASAP;business寫成biz等等(人名地名常用)Q.=question，ltd.=limited,+=and/plus , ?=question ，/=or
2. 片段法
例如student寫成stu;prepare寫成prep等等。
3. 去除元音法
例如market寫成mkt;respond寫成rspd等等。
4. 符號(hào)法
例如↑代表increase;→代表lead to;+3代表最高級(jí);×代表disagree等等。需要注意的是，用符號(hào)法時(shí)要熟悉自己每個(gè)符號(hào)的含義。
經(jīng)過上文的講解，大家是不是對(duì)聽力筆記的認(rèn)識(shí)又更進(jìn)一步了呢不過從了解方法到完全掌握，各位同學(xué)還需要自身反復(fù)練習(xí)與實(shí)踐，踏踏實(shí)實(shí)打好基礎(chǔ)，在提高實(shí)力的同時(shí)鞏固方法，從方法練習(xí)中提升實(shí)力，長期堅(jiān)持下去，相信下一個(gè)聽力大神就是你!
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：晚年開始健康飲食習(xí)慣
Let's say your diet has been not so great.
Maybe too much red meat, especially processed meat.
Maybe too many sugary soft drinks.
And maybe you've been eating like that for decades.
So what's the point of trying to make some healthful changes now, after the damage has presumably been done?
“It is impressive that changes even very late in life,such as even being older and having a heart attack, a dietary change can within a matter of a few months drop our risk greatly of a recurrent heart attack or death.”
Walter Willett. He chairs the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health.
He spoke at a January 15th forum on Cancer and Diet that wound up touching on diet and health in general.
“So it's never too late to make important changes.
For diabetes also, if we change our diet almost immediately our risk of diabetes goes down.
But that's not to say you just should just wait till you're old to start living a healthy life.
We're seeing in some studies now that what women ate as adolescents, especially if they ate a lot more red meat, that affected breast cancer risk later in their life.
So it's definitely important if you want the healthiest overall life is to start a healthy lifestyle early.
But if you've sort of ignored things it's never too late to still get some benefit.”
The entire hour-long forum featuring Willett and other researchers discussing diet and health is archived on line.
Just google “Harvard public health forum”.
Let's say your diet has been not so great. 我們假設(shè)你的飲食習(xí)慣不是特別好的狀況。
Maybe too much red meat, especially processed meat. 也許攝取太多的紅肉，尤其是那些加工過的肉類。
Maybe too many sugary soft drinks. 也許還有很多含糖軟飲料。
And maybe you've been eating like that for decades. 可能幾十年來你一直都是這樣的飲食習(xí)慣。
So what's the point of trying to make some healthful changes now, after the damage has presumably been done? 因此既然無形中已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成這樣的壞習(xí)慣對(duì)身體造成傷害，那現(xiàn)在嘗試健康飲食的改變意義在哪里呢?
It is impressive that changes even very late in life, such as even being older and having a heart attack, 這樣的改變?cè)谶M(jìn)入晚年后會(huì)產(chǎn)生重大的影響，比如隨著歲月流逝身體負(fù)擔(dān)越來越重并且有心臟病困擾，
a dietary change can within a matter of a few months drop our risk greatly of a recurrent heart attack or death. 改善飲食可以在數(shù)個(gè)月內(nèi)大大降低心臟病復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Walter Willett. He chairs the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. 哈佛大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院營養(yǎng)系主任沃爾特·維萊特說道。
He spoke at a January 15th forum on Cancer and Diet that wound up touching on diet and health in general. 在1月15日關(guān)注飲食與健康的癌癥與飲食 論壇上他這樣說道。
So it's never too late to make important changes.For diabetes also, if we change our diet almost immediately our risk of diabetes goes down. 因此亡羊補(bǔ)牢永遠(yuǎn)不晚。對(duì)于糖尿病而言也是如此，如果改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣，我們罹患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)即刻降低。
But that's not to say you just should just wait till you're old to start living a healthy life. 但這并不表明你要等待老年后才要開始健康生活。
We're seeing in some studies now that what women ate as adolescents, especially if they ate a lot more red meat, that affected breast cancer risk later in their life. 通過一些研究，我們了解到一些女性在年輕時(shí)食用大量紅肉，到了晚年就會(huì)增加患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
So it's definitely important if you want the healthiest overall life is to start a healthy lifestyle early. 因此如果你想要健康，盡早開始健康的生活方式是絕對(duì)重要的。
But if you've sort of ignored things it's never too late to still get some benefit. 但如果你經(jīng)常忽視，現(xiàn)在開始也不晚!
The entire hour-long forum featuring Willett and other researchers discussing diet and health is archived on line. 如想瀏覽維萊特和其他研究人員就飲食與健康方面的完整討論內(nèi)容，
Just google Harvard public health forum. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谒阉饕娈?dāng)中搜索關(guān)鍵字哈佛公共健康論壇即可。
2020托福聽力練習(xí)：奧巴馬談槍支暴力問題
“After Connecticut passed a law requiring background checks and gun safety course, gun deaths decreased by 40 percent.
Forty percent.”
President Obama today.
In his announcement that he was taking executive action to require more gun sellers to be licensed and to do background checks on gun buyers, he also touched upon the problems facing public health researchers who try to study gun violence and deaths.
“Meanwhile, since Missouri repealed a law requiring comprehensive background checks and purchase permits, gun deaths have increased to an almost 50 percent higher than the national average.
One study found unsurprisingly that criminals in Missouri now have easier access to guns.
“And the evidence tells us that in states that require background checks law-abiding Americans don't find it any harder to purchase guns whatsoever.
Their guns have not been confiscated, their rights have not been infringed.
“And that's just the information we have access to.
With more research we could further improve gun safety, just as with more research we've reduced traffic fatalities enormously over the last 30 years.
“We do research when cars, food, medicine, even toys, harm people so that we make them safer.
And you know what, research, science, those are good things, they work. They do.
“But think about this.
When it comes to an inherently deadly weapon—nobody argues that guns are potentially deadly weapons that kill tens of thousands of Americans every year,
Congress actually voted to make it harder for public health experts to conduct research into gun violence, made it harder to collect data and facts, and develop strategies to reduce gun violence.”
After Connecticut passed a law requiring background checks and gun safety course, gun deaths decreased by 40 percent. 在康涅狄格州通過法律要求審查槍支背景及進(jìn)行槍支安全課程后，死亡人數(shù)下降了40%。
Forty percent. 下降40%。
President Obama today. 這是美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在今日中所提到的。
In his announcement that he was taking executive action to require more gun sellers to be licensed and to do background checks on gun buyers, 在這次演講中，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)表示要采取行政措施要求槍支銷售人員獲得銷售許可，同時(shí)對(duì)購買者進(jìn)行背景審查，
he also touched upon the problems facing public health researchers who try to study gun violence and deaths. 總統(tǒng)還談到研究槍支暴力及相關(guān)死亡事件的公共衛(wèi)生研究人員所面臨的困境。
Meanwhile, since Missouri repealed a law requiring comprehensive background checks and purchase permits, gun deaths have increased to an almost 50 percent higher than the national average. 然而，自從密蘇里實(shí)施全面背景調(diào)查及要求購買許可的法律后，這個(gè)州的死亡人數(shù)同全國平均水平相比高出近50%。
One study found unsurprisingly that criminals in Missouri now have easier access to guns. 一項(xiàng)研究顯示密蘇里州的犯罪分子能夠輕易獲得槍支。
And the evidence tells us that in states that require background checks law-abiding Americans don't find it any harder to purchase guns whatsoever. 而且有證據(jù)顯示盡管有些州要求對(duì)槍支購買者進(jìn)行背景調(diào)查，但守法的美國公民并不認(rèn)為購買槍支是一件難事。
Their guns have not been confiscated, their rights have not been infringed. 因?yàn)樗麄兊臉屩]有被沒收，權(quán)利也沒有受到侵害。
And that's just the information we have access to. 這就是我們所掌握到的信息。
With more research we could further improve gun safety, just as with more research we've reduced traffic fatalities enormously over the last 30 years. 隨著越來越多的相關(guān)研究，我們能夠提高槍支的安全性，就像過去30年進(jìn)行大量交通事故調(diào)查后將其減少一樣。
We do research when cars, food, medicine, even toys, harm people so that we make them safer. 我們對(duì)汽車、食品、藥物、甚至玩具進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究，降低它們的傷害，增加安全性。
And you know what, research, science, those are good things, they work. They do. 而且你知道，研究、科學(xué)，這些有效的方法會(huì)起到作用。
But think about this. 但考慮下這個(gè)問題。
When it comes to an inherently deadly weapon—nobody argues that guns are potentially deadly weapons that kill tens of thousands of Americans every year, 但涉及到致命性武器時(shí)—沒有人認(rèn)為槍支是每年造成成千上萬美國人死亡的潛在致命性武器。
Congress actually voted to make it harder for public health experts to conduct research into gun violence, made it harder to collect data and facts, and develop strategies to reduce gun violence. 實(shí)際上國會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行的投票增加了公共安全專家對(duì)槍支暴力事件調(diào)查研究的難度，使得收集數(shù)據(jù)及事實(shí)難上加難，而且制定降低槍支暴力政策的難度也大為增加。