GRE填空4大解題規(guī)則經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)盤點(diǎn)
GRE填空4大解題規(guī)則經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)盤點(diǎn), 20個(gè)真題實(shí)例全方位解讀高分解題套路,我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
GRE填空4大解題規(guī)則經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)盤點(diǎn) 20個(gè)真題實(shí)例全方位解讀高分解題套路
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞匯來判斷語(yǔ)言上的基本邏輯關(guān)系
因果、(because, in that, for, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, given, hence, so…that, so...as to, if…then, when...then, as long as……)轉(zhuǎn)折、(albeit, although, though, but, despite, even though, however, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, while, whatever, regardless, even if, even though, yet, and yet……)遞進(jìn)、(even, indeed………)對(duì)比、(in contrast, on the contrary, far from, on the other hand, rather than, instead of, not…but, paradoxically, ironically, surprisingly, unexpectedly, curiously……)等等。
尋找句子中的重復(fù)關(guān)系
作為研究生院入學(xué)的參考考試,也許是為了體現(xiàn)內(nèi)容有深度,很多句子涉及到了各個(gè)學(xué)科的背景知識(shí)。同時(shí)基于對(duì)所有學(xué)科學(xué)生都要公平的原則,所有的題目在解題點(diǎn)上都不涉及背景知識(shí)。為了做到這一點(diǎn),很多時(shí)候ETS都是把答案放到句子中,然后用語(yǔ)言上的線索提示你去把它找出來。以下是提供重復(fù)線索的幾種常見形式:
(1) 簡(jiǎn)單的直接重復(fù)
The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of ___, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.
A. economics B. legislation C. cleanliness D. aesthetics E. restoration
盡管大自然的美確實(shí)很重要,但污染的消除不僅是什么問題,當(dāng)然不僅是美的問題。
Comparatively few rock musicians are willing to laugh at themselves, although a hint of----can boost sales of video clips very nicely.
A. self-deprecation B. congeniality C. cynicism D. embarrassment E. self-doubt
搖滾樂手很少自嘲,盡管什么東西能促進(jìn)錄像短片的銷售,當(dāng)然就填自嘲。
Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world ___of___.
A. bereft.. theatricality B. composed.. adversity C. full.. circumstantiality D. deprived.. polarity
E. devoid.. neutrality
Melodramas這個(gè)詞不認(rèn)識(shí)也沒關(guān)系,既然它表現(xiàn)的是無辜與罪行、道德與墮落、善與惡之間的刻板對(duì)立,那么它提供給觀眾什么樣的世界呢?當(dāng)然是刻板對(duì)立的世界,只有E選項(xiàng)符合要求。
(2) 解釋型重復(fù)
The Muses are___deities: they avenge themselves without mercy on those who weary of their charms.
A. rueful B. ingenuous C. solicitous D. vindictive E. dispassionate
冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容就是正確選項(xiàng)D這個(gè)詞的釋義,所以不知道繆斯是什么東西也能輕松選對(duì)。
Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents___.
A. demur B. schism C. cooperation D. compliance E. shortsightedness
冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容解釋了民主方式運(yùn)作的工作團(tuán)體中為何少有嚴(yán)重的沖突,所以即使看不懂a(chǎn) modicum of
tolerance for dissent是什么東西,也應(yīng)該知道這個(gè)東西避免了嚴(yán)重沖突,故選B。
(3) 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)推斷重復(fù)
The valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary ___ that permits very little ___.
A. text.. clarity B. work.. tradition C. genre.. deviation
D. oration.. grandiloquence E. achievement.. rigidity
a literary ___ that permits very little ___. 是前面的a very strict form的同位語(yǔ),所以第一空格填form的同義或近義詞,that permits very little___. 這個(gè)從句完成后應(yīng)為strict的同義或近義詞。
Many more eighteenth-century novels were written by women than by men, but this dominance has, until very
recently, been regarded merely as ___ fact, a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.
A. a controversial B. a statistical C. an analytical D. an explicit E. an unimpeachable
這道題同樣,a bit of arcane knowledge noted only by bibliographers.是前面的___ fact的同義重復(fù),所以空格應(yīng)填入文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家關(guān)注的事實(shí),已知的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)里顯然只有B選項(xiàng)的statistical(統(tǒng)計(jì)的)是文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家的份內(nèi)工作。
(4) 憑借具有指示作用的形容詞或代詞來尋找重復(fù)
Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ___ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA; such a coincidence could be ___ only by the transfer of DNA between the two systems.
A. manufacture.. accomplished B. reveal.. repeated C. exhibit.. determined
D. share.. explained E. maintain.. contradicted
下半句的such a coincidence說明第一空格的動(dòng)詞填入后應(yīng)體現(xiàn)為是一種巧合,兩個(gè)看不懂是什么的、只知道是不一樣的東西(非相關(guān)專業(yè)的絕大部分學(xué)生是不太可能認(rèn)識(shí)mitochondria和chloroplasts這兩個(gè)詞的)怎樣了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的、可以認(rèn)為是一模一樣的DNA序列就是一個(gè)巧合呢?當(dāng)然只有D的 share表示了這個(gè)意思。
Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be ___ , which makes them ___ unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.
A. contested.. provisional B. circumvented.. antiquated C. repealed.. vulnerable
D. violated.. ineffective E. modified.. unstable
Which指代逗號(hào)前面的那句話,也就是“法律不保障社會(huì)秩序”,這就使得法律怎樣呢?當(dāng)然只有D選項(xiàng)的ineffective符合句意。
對(duì)于含義晦澀的句子,判斷語(yǔ)氣或感情色彩是有效地解決方法,有時(shí)候甚至是唯一的方法
Johnson never ___ to ignore the standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if ___ compliance with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects on his subordinates.
A. deigned.. tacit B. attempted.. halfhearted C. intended.. direct
D. scrupled.. literal E. wished.. feigned
這句話對(duì)于英語(yǔ)閱讀能力較差的學(xué)生來說,通過正常的閱讀理解來做還是有些難度的。但是如果注意到whatever the effects on his subordinates(無論對(duì)下級(jí)產(chǎn)生什么影響)的語(yǔ)氣,就可以判斷第一空格填入后應(yīng)表示johnson干的不是什么好事,唯一符合這一判斷的是D選項(xiàng)。
Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater ___ their efforts to build a progressive party than the ___ of the progressives already elected to the legislature.
A. support for.. advocacy B. threat to.. promise C. benefit from.. success
D. obstacle to.. resistance E. praise for.. reputation
如果知道encounter的正確用法,就可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的詞,這樣就輕松排除了A、C、E三個(gè)選項(xiàng),結(jié)合后面的意思來看,只能選D。
Although ___ is usually thought to spring from regret for having done something wrong, it may be that its origin
is the realization that one's own nature is irremediably ___.
A. contrition.. resilient B. certitude.. confident C.skepticism.. innocent
D. remorse.. flawed E. resignation. frivolous
第二空格被副詞irremediably(不可救藥地)修飾,根據(jù)這個(gè)詞帶出的語(yǔ)氣可以判斷第二空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的詞,符合這一判斷的只有D、 E兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。第一空格remorse的意思完全地對(duì)應(yīng)“regret for having done something wrong”,故選D。
Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to ___ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.
A. extrapolate B. transcribe C. complicate D. amplify E. manage
這句話如果沒有看過相關(guān)背景的書籍幾乎是不可理解的,但是我們可以通過語(yǔ)氣和感情色彩的判斷來排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),最終剩下一個(gè)看不出錯(cuò)的選項(xiàng),也就是正確選項(xiàng)了。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言是對(duì)抗經(jīng)驗(yàn)的陰謀(conspiracy against),所以空格應(yīng)填入一個(gè)負(fù)面色彩的動(dòng)作,只有C選項(xiàng)(使復(fù)雜化、使變得麻煩)和E選項(xiàng)(manage除了中性的經(jīng)營(yíng)管理之外,還可以表示負(fù)面的操縱控制)符合這一判斷。結(jié)合方式狀語(yǔ)by reducing(減少、分解、簡(jiǎn)化)來看,C選項(xiàng)應(yīng)被排除,最后剩下仍然看不懂句意的E選項(xiàng)就對(duì)了。
推理判斷時(shí)注意避免發(fā)散思維
Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are ___ would be expected to be very ___, but, surprisingly, they are not.
A. lethal.. rare B. untreated.. dangerous C. unusual.. refractory
D. new.. perplexing E. widespread.. acute
根據(jù)consequently提示的上下因果關(guān)系我們可以判斷第一空格應(yīng)填入severe的同義或反義,表示嚴(yán)重或不嚴(yán)重的詞只有A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)表示未曾治療的,D不用說了。C、E兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)其實(shí)和是否嚴(yán)重沒有關(guān)系,很多時(shí)候干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上利用了我們的習(xí)慣思維不縝密的、容易想當(dāng)然的弱點(diǎn)。很多人會(huì)認(rèn)為不尋常的、很少見的疾病就是嚴(yán)重的,尋常的、隨處可見的疾病就是不嚴(yán)重的。但是只要稍微想一下就知道這里面沒有任何必然的關(guān)系。
Although ___, almost self-effacing in his private life, he displays in his plays and essays a strong ___ publicity and controversy.
A. conventional.. interest in B. monotonous.. reliance on C. shy.. aversion toward
D. retiring.. penchant for E. evasive.. impatience with
第二空格根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系顯然只能選A、D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),第一空格會(huì)有很多人覺得A選項(xiàng)可以選,因?yàn)橛X得傳統(tǒng)的人就是不喜歡拋頭露面的,不喜歡與人爭(zhēng)吵的。同樣只要想想就該知道這里面沒有任何必然的關(guān)系,并且即便我們中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的人真是這樣,這里也沒說他是中國(guó)人。這種干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置路數(shù)和上一道題的感覺是完全一樣的。
Considering how long she had yearned to see Italy, her first reaction was curiously ___.
A. meditative B. tepid C. categorical D. unoriginal E. insightful
干擾選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置和上兩道題完全一樣,A選項(xiàng)的沉思冥想并不表示她所應(yīng)具有的高興振奮的態(tài)度的相反,正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B選項(xiàng)(微溫的,缺乏熱情或激情的),直接表明了與興奮激動(dòng)的態(tài)度的相反特征。
ETS總是傾向于把詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)上最為直接的、形同廢話的選項(xiàng)設(shè)為正確選項(xiàng)
The hierarchy of medical occupations is in many ways a ___ system; its strata remain ___ and the practitioners in them have very little vertical mobility.
A. health.. skilled B. delivery.. basic C. regimental.. flexible
D. training.. inferior E. caste.. intact
醫(yī)療職業(yè)的等級(jí)(hierarchy)在許多方面是一個(gè)等級(jí)體系(caste system)
The natural balance between prey and predator has been increasingly ___, most frequently by human intervention.
A. celebrated B. predicted C. observed D. disturbed E. questioned
被掠食者和掠食者之間的自然平衡被人類的干擾(intervention)干擾(disturbed)了
Poe's ___ reviews of contemporary fiction, which often find great merit in otherwise ___ literary gems, must make us respect his critical judgment in addition to his well-known literary talent.
A. thorough.. completed B. petulant.. unpopular C. insightful.. unappreciated
D. enthusiastic.. acclaimed E. harsh.. undeserving
愛倫坡有判斷力的(insightful)現(xiàn)代小說評(píng)論使得我們佩服他的判斷力(critical judgment)
Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly ___ over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.
A.appreciated B. emulated C. criticized D. revised E. reprinted
十分恰當(dāng)?shù)氖?,這部充滿了變遷(changing)的時(shí)代、變遷的風(fēng)格的作品多年以來一直被改變(revise),從而反映了它自身的可變性(mutability)
新GRE填空句子結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)例分析
1 “The most important distinction among countries concerns not their form of government but their degree of government.” ——Samuel P. Huntington
典型句式:not A but B 結(jié)構(gòu)。
句子主干: The distinction concerns not form of government but degree of government.
翻譯:國(guó)家之間最大的差別不在于管理的形式而在于管理的效力。
2 McDonald’s crew members don’t sit in front of computers all day, leaving little opportunity to check balances or make tweaks to asset allocation plans at work.
典型句式:分詞狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
句子主干: McDonald’s crew members don’t sit in front of computers all day.
翻譯:麥當(dāng)勞的員工不是整天坐在電腦前,工作時(shí)間沒有什么機(jī)會(huì)來檢查帳戶或者倒騰資產(chǎn)分配計(jì)劃。
3 He considers how investor-rights gadflies prompted a redistribution of corporate power and charts the achievements of the foes of the German biotech industry.
典型句式:A and B順承結(jié)構(gòu)組合句。
句子主干: he considers A and charts B.
翻譯:他承認(rèn)消費(fèi)者維權(quán)人士在促進(jìn)公司權(quán)力再分配中的作用,并且紀(jì)錄德國(guó)生物技術(shù)行業(yè)的仇敵的成就。
4 I prefer a wife who understands that my sexual needs may entail more than strict adherence to monogamy.
典型句式:A more than B; 委婉表達(dá);幽默表達(dá)
句子主干:I prefer a wife who understands something.
翻譯:我更喜歡這樣的妻子,她理解我的性需求或許會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)一夫一妻制的遵守不那么嚴(yán)格(允許我有婚外性生活的權(quán)利)。
5 People who oppose abortion can say that persons have a right to life only if they didn’t come into existence because of rape; or they can say that all persons have a right to life, but that some have less of right to life than others, in particular, that those who came into existence because of rape have less.
典型句式:A;or B 大分號(hào)組合句/only if 條件句 / say that A, but that B, that C
句子主干: People can say A, or they can say B.
翻譯:那些反對(duì)墮胎的人會(huì)說,只有當(dāng)人不是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)奸行為而獲得生命的時(shí)候,人才有生存的權(quán)利;他們也可以說,所有的人都有生存的權(quán)利,但一些人比另一些人生存的權(quán)利更少,尤其是,那些因?yàn)閺?qiáng)奸行為而降生的人權(quán)利更少一些。
新GRE填空句子結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)例分析
6 Internal skill gaps are often self-inflicted wounds, the unintended consequence of promote-from within policies that have been too strictly applied.
典型句式:逗號(hào)解釋結(jié)構(gòu)
句子主干: Internal skill gaps are often self-inflicted wounds。
翻譯:內(nèi)部技術(shù)鴻溝經(jīng)常是自我折磨的傷口,經(jīng)常是過分嚴(yán)格實(shí)施的內(nèi)部提拔政策的不經(jīng)意的后果。
7 The line that they walk between persuasion and threat—between legal and illegal—is very fine.
典型句式:between A and B
句子主干: The line is fine.
翻譯: 他們?cè)趧裾f和威脅之間,在合法與違法之間所行走的路線是非常微妙的。
8 If it were desired to reduce the surplus a policy that brought about significant real appreciation could achieve it.
典型句式:if 條件句暗含因果關(guān)系。
句子主干: a policy could achieve it.
翻譯:如果真的愿意把減少貿(mào)易順差作為一項(xiàng)政策,大規(guī)模的真正的貨幣升值政策可以實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。
9 Many had hoped this program would be a silver bullet to the foreclosure problem, but it’s turned out to be a dud.
典型句式:but轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)。
句子主干:Many had hoped A, but it’s turned out B.
翻譯:很多人希望這個(gè)計(jì)劃能夠是解決資產(chǎn)抵押?jiǎn)栴}的良方,但事實(shí)證明該計(jì)劃是個(gè)啞彈。
10 How can the federal government expect to make any significant headway in reducing the demand for illegal drugs when the drug addiction that kills more U.S. citizens annually than all the illegal drugs combined is legal, socially accepted, and subsidized by federal tax dollars?
典型句式: when 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)修飾
句子主干: How can the government expect to make any headway?
翻譯:當(dāng)一種每年殺死最多的美國(guó)人的致癮藥物(它每年所殺死的美國(guó)人比所有的非法藥物加起來殺死的還要多)是合法的,被社會(huì)廣泛接受的并且受到聯(lián)邦稅收資助的,聯(lián)邦政府能期待在減少非法藥物的使用方面取得什么重要的進(jìn)展呢?(該致癮藥物指的是煙草)
新GRE填空句子結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)例分析
11 The plan that requires an employee contribution costs an enrolled employee significantly less per year than do typical health insurance plans offered by corporations other than SAI.
典型句式:
A less than B 比較句式
句子主干:
The plan costs an employee less.
翻譯:
要求雇員付費(fèi)的計(jì)劃每年要求參與的雇員支付的費(fèi)用比SAI公司之外的典型的健康計(jì)劃要求的費(fèi)用要少得多。
12 Clearly, then, it must be in evading their own predators that the spider’s color changes are useful to them.
典型句式:
it 形式主語(yǔ),倒裝句。
句子主干:
That the spider’s color changes are useful to them must be in evading their own predators.(正常語(yǔ)序)
翻譯:
那么,明顯地,蜘蛛顏色的改變對(duì)于它們的好處在于躲避自己的天敵方面。
13 It bases a conclusion that is known to require two conditions on evidence that bears on only one of those conditions.
典型句式:
修飾與主干;邏輯嚴(yán)密
句子主干:
It bases a conclusion on evidence.
翻譯:
它基于只與其中的一個(gè)條件關(guān)聯(lián)的證據(jù)得出必須要求兩個(gè)條件的結(jié)論。
14 It treats evidence for the absence of one condition under which a circumstance would occur as conclusive evidence that that circumstance will not occur.
典型句式:
it treats A as B;修飾與主干;邏輯嚴(yán)密
句子主干:
It treats evidence for the absence of one condition as conclusive evidence.
翻譯:
它把某情況發(fā)生時(shí)存在的一個(gè)條件的缺失的證據(jù)當(dāng)作該情況肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生的結(jié)論性證據(jù)。
15 The reasoning is flawed in that the argument treats evidence that a factor is necessary to bring about an event as if it were evidence that the factor is sufficient to bring about that event.
典型句式:
in that 因果關(guān)系;層層修飾;邏輯嚴(yán)密
句子主干:
The reasoning is flawed.
翻譯:
該推理是錯(cuò)誤的,因?yàn)樵撜撟C把某事件發(fā)生所必須的一個(gè)因素當(dāng)成是該事件發(fā)生的充分條件。
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