GRE邏輯閱讀的批判思維應(yīng)該怎么訓練

GRE邏輯閱讀的批判思維應(yīng)該怎么訓練,我們來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE邏輯閱讀的批判思維應(yīng)該怎么訓練

大家首先需要明確的一點是，批判思維能力并不是某種特定的解題方法和技巧，而是更進一步的思維方式層面上的能力。這也就意味著考生僅靠大量做題的題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)是不夠的，因為做題只能提升你對解題方式的熟練度，于解題思維并無太大助益。真正有效的方式是通過日常的思維訓練來進行加強。簡單來說，就是帶著批判質(zhì)疑的觀點來看待問題。以廣告為例，日常生活中廣告無處不在，這些廣告大多都是打的感情牌，本身的邏輯往往存在不少漏洞。大家可以嘗試著去用批判思維來看待這些廣告，自己去尋找發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯漏洞，對于其中的一些賣點如何加強、削弱等等。通過這種方式來提升自己的批判思維。多開動腦筋，把GRE邏輯閱讀解題中的各種思路和方法都運用到生活中，不用多久你的批判思維能力就會得到顯著提升，面對GRE邏輯閱讀也會更加游刃有余。

增加課外閱讀量鍛煉批判思維

通過閱讀來提升能力對于整個GRE語文VERBAL部分的考試來說都是通用的，而具體到不同題型則還是會有所區(qū)別。假如大家想要提升邏輯閱讀的批判思維，那么就應(yīng)該拓展課外閱讀量，特別是要增加爭議性文章內(nèi)容的閱讀。比如一些經(jīng)濟類政治類話題的公開討論，雙方發(fā)表的不同觀點等，往往都有較大爭議，互相辯駁相持不下。通過閱讀涉及到這些內(nèi)容的文章，考生也能夠?qū)W習到不少邏輯思維方面的技巧，如何發(fā)現(xiàn)對立觀點的邏輯漏洞，怎樣加強己方觀點的說服力，這些都有助于大家鍛煉自己的批判思維能力。

練好批判思維作文也受益

眾所周知，批判思維重點在于發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯漏洞。而在GRE兩篇作文中，Argument作文也是類似于對給出題材和觀點進行辯駁攻擊的駁論文。許多考生寫不好Argument作文，正是因為缺乏批判思維，無法找到找準題目中最主要關(guān)鍵的各類邏輯漏洞。假如大家能夠練好批判思維，那么在Argument作文的寫作中，也能夠更快發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，更為順利地寫好文章。練好批判思維，GRE作文同樣受益匪淺。

The European Union budget——The gourmands of Brussels

歐盟預(yù)算：布魯塞爾的貪食者

The EU may be spending less, but the cost of running it is rising

歐盟也許會削減開支，但是運營成本在增加

THE European Union is on the verge of cutting its spending for the first time ever. A 3% cut in real terms will save 34 billion ($47 billion) from the seven-year budget framework for 2014-20. For Britain’s David Cameron, who pressed the hardest for a cut, this is a triumph. But every silver lining has a cloud: EU spending on administration will still rise, by a total of 8% in real terms.

歐盟是第一次面臨削減開支。按實值計算，削減3%意味著從7年期(2014-2020年)的預(yù)算框架中節(jié)省340億歐元(合470億美元)。對于堅決支持削減政策的英國首相大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫來說，這算是一大勝利。但并非事事如人愿：歐盟的行政費用仍將增加，按實值計算總計會達到八個百分點。

The sums involved are relatively small: the total budget is only 1% of EU GDP, and just 6% of this goes on administration. Yet it has political resonance. Taxpayers do not like paying for civil servants at the best of times. Spending more on Brussels bureaucrats at a time of deep recession and high unemployment is even harder to swallow.

所涉及的金額只是相對較小的一部分：整體預(yù)算是只占歐盟GDP的1%，可預(yù)算的6%會用于行政開支。然而這有著政治上的共鳴。即使是在最好的時代，納稅人也不愿意給公務(wù)員買單。而在經(jīng)濟嚴重衰退和高失業(yè)率的狀況下，多給布魯塞爾官員任何一分錢都比以往時候更難讓民眾接受。

A European Commission spokesman likens EU governments to a restaurant customer who wants more, better and cheaper food. But the EU institutions could do more and better for less. There is plenty of fat to trim: generous tax breaks, far higher average pay than in national governments and benefits that include a 16% expat top-up and payment for children’s education until they are 26.

歐盟委員會一發(fā)言人將歐盟政府比作餐館的食客，他們想要更多品質(zhì)更好的食物，卻希望價格更便宜。但是歐盟機構(gòu)可以做到這一點。因為有很多地方可以“瘦身”：慷慨地減免所得稅，遠比國家政府高的平均工資水平以及優(yōu)渥的福利待遇，這里的福利包括在國外工作的人追加16%的補貼，對歐盟官員子女的教育津貼的年限延長至26歲。

A rare chance to cut back was missed when staff regulations were renegotiated this year. Barring a few concessions, such as a 5% headcount cut by 2017 and a rise in the pension age to 66, reforms were few. Hardly any change was made to allowances, or to automatic promotions and salary rises, and there was no big pension reform, even though this is a growing concern for Brussels as well as for national governments.

今年人事條例再次協(xié)商的時候，錯失了一次難得的削減開支的機會。會議上做出了一些小讓步，比如：到2017年為止，裁員5%以及將退休年齡提至66歲，但除此之外，幾乎沒有什么改革。補貼或是自動升職和加薪方面幾乎沒有變動，而且官員的養(yǎng)老金方面也無大改革，無論是在歐盟還是各國政府，這方面的改革都是備受關(guān)注。

Trimming running costs is something most EU governments have been doing assiduously. Spain cut pay by 5% in 2010; Ireland did even more, cutting it by 5-15%. In Britain, as part of plans to cut costs by a third by 2015, the central government pay-bill was cut by6.3% in real terms between 2010-2013. Yet EU salaries have continued to rise in the past four years.

削減運營成本是大部分歐盟政府一直努力在做的事。2010年西班牙削減了5%的支出;愛爾蘭削減的更多，比例高達5%-15%。作為計劃的一部分，英國截至2015年將開支降低三分之一，2010-2013年的政府工資單按實值計算已經(jīng)削減了6.3%。但是過去四年，歐盟官員的薪金一直在增加。

If institutions that so often propose reforms do little at home, it gives less hope for changes in costlier policies. The Brussels defence is that administrative spending is “tiny”, so reducing it will make little difference. But the appearance of indulgence weakens the EU’s reputation at a time when most polls show citizens everywhere have lost faith in it.

假如機構(gòu)經(jīng)常提議改革卻不從自身做起的話，那么想對成本更高的政策做出變革的希望會更加渺茫。布魯塞爾的官員辯解稱，行政支出是“很小”的一部分，所以削減它并不會造成什么差別。但是，恣意放縱的表相一度弱化了歐盟的聲譽，許多的民調(diào)顯示各地的市民們都對歐盟失去了信心。

Later this month, European parliamentarians and their entourages are planning to travel to Strasbourg to vote through the rise in the EU’s administration budget. The 200mannualcost of this travelling circus is hardly huge, but most European taxpayers still see it for the incomprehensible extravagance it is.

本月下旬，歐洲議會議員和他們的隨行者正在計劃前往斯塔拉斯堡，就提高歐盟行政預(yù)算進行投票表決。每年用于巡回訪問的200億歐元的費用并不算是個大數(shù)目，但是許多歐洲納稅人仍然將其視做無法理喻的奢侈消費。

GRE閱讀長難句解析

In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)

不僅如此，有些黑人小說(比如JT的甘蔗)的風格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實主義;這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個和諧的對應(yīng)呢?這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗爭的命運，這是一個通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達的主題。

難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

解釋：在本句中有三個詞需要先解釋一番：verge on這個詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思，hero在文學作品中是主人公的意思，pit作動詞時，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思，其英文釋義為：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against.在此用的是后一種語義的被動語態(tài)fate againt which Black heros are pitted.如果用主動語態(tài)則是：pit black heros againt fate。

另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，分號之后是一個一般疑問句，但是由于修飾成分過多，過長，使得讀者看不清楚這個句子在問什么。其實如果沒有最后的那個prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句會易懂得多。

GRE閱讀長難句解析精選

Under the force of this view，it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action，it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action)to the status of being wholly condemned.

在這種觀點的力量作用下，一件或許是不可避免的事情發(fā)生了：修辭藝術(shù)竟然從被視和具有讓人懷疑的價值這樣一種地位(因為盡管它有可能既構(gòu)成一種歪曲真理的手段和誤導(dǎo)行為的來源)轉(zhuǎn)變到徹底遭譴責的地位。

難句類型：插入語

難點解析：本句的插入語堪稱GRE和GMAT考試中最長的插入語之一。筆者曾在本書前面的講解中強調(diào)過，這種插入語(三行以上)一定要在閱讀中毫不猶豫地跳過，讀完整個句子后再來讀它。否則不但句意無法銜接，而且類似于本句中的from…to…的固定搭配，也會在插入語的干擾下遠隔千山萬水，在讀者的大腦中永無聚首之日。

結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：Under the force /of this view，it was perhaps inevitable /that the art of rhetoric /should pass from /the status of /being regarded as /of questionable worth /(because although /it might be /both a source of pleasure /and a means /to urge people to right action，/it might also /be a means /to distort truth /and a source of /misguided action)/to the status of /being wholly condemned.