GRE閱讀制勝法則訓練方法及要點解析
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GRE閱讀制勝法則訓練方法及要點解析
五大要點+訓練方法:
要點一:
在難巨資進行的閱讀和訓練中,只以在大腦中反映出所讀英文的意思(不是中文釋意)為唯一目的。什么時候讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己完全消除了在閱讀過程中的在大腦中的中文釋意和語法分析過程,此要求即達到
GRE閱讀制勝法則訓練方式:
a、意群訓練;b、不回視訓練;c、合理化原則推力訓練;d、速度與理解力的平衡點訓練
GRE閱讀制勝法則之意群訓練:
以幾個相鄰的表示同類意思的詞為閱讀的對象,而不是單個的單詞。同時避免發(fā)聲閱讀,克服內(nèi)心的聲音和喉頭與嘴唇的顫動,關(guān)鍵是:
要點二:
眼睛在閱讀材料上移動的速度要比自己在心中或喉頭出生閱讀的速度要快
GRE閱讀制勝法則之不回視訓練:
保證第一遍閱讀時的高度注意力,避免回視,關(guān)鍵是:
要點三:
在閱讀文章時,都要注意整句的回視現(xiàn)象,堅持一遍就都下來
GRE閱讀制勝法則之合理化訓練:
根據(jù)文章中得上下文的邏輯推理,將不懂得地方進行合理推理。
要點四:
凡遇到不懂得地方,就用合理化推理進行推理
GRE閱讀制勝法則之速度與理解力的平衡點訓練:
推出自己的速度與理解力的平衡點;在閱讀中根據(jù)所讀的內(nèi)容的難度和重要性程度,調(diào)整自己的現(xiàn)場閱讀速度。
要點五:
貴在堅持,不可半途而廢。
GRE閱讀制勝法則:長句、難句重磅解析
1. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)
雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀,但其作者則是以非意識形態(tài)的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應的,而將小說和故事主要地當作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討,會在相當程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。
難句類型:復雜修飾
解釋:本句從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來講,惟一的難度在于and之后的句子的主語talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太長,以至于看到謂語circumvent的時候已經(jīng)搞不清楚主謂了。更大的難度恐怕還在于對兩個詞匯的理解circumvent和 enterprise.我們以前所背過的circumvent有兩個詞義,一個是規(guī)避,一是以計謀戰(zhàn)勝,但是這兩種意思放到此處都顯然不通;其實 circumvent有一個我們沒有背過的最常用的意思是包圍、限制或陷害;至于enterprise常用的意思是企業(yè),這里的指事業(yè)。
意群訓練:Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
2. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)
這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學體系進行創(chuàng)作,抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學體系?
難句類型:插入語
解釋:本句的句子既短,意思也不難理解,但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強。
意群訓練:Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?
GRE閱讀制勝法則:長句、難句重磅解析
1. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. (5)
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進行的研究,對自然條件下的群落捕食速率進行了估計,其手段是通過測量出實驗室內(nèi)單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率,然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度,計算出實地狀況下的群落捕食速率。
難句類型:復雜修飾
解釋:本句對閱讀者的閱讀能力提出了更高的要求,不但要求讀者讀清楚句子的復雜的結(jié)構(gòu),而且對讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。
By以前結(jié)構(gòu)無需解釋,by以后有兩個作介詞賓語短語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu),measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing,說的是計算方法;前一個measuring說的是先算出實驗室中浮游動物品種的單位捕食速率,后面的 computing前其實省略了一個by,而且在這個動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還包括一個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的種群密度計算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個的by以后的計算過程簡單了就是:實驗室單位速率×野外密度=野外群體速率。
另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒有太難的單詞,但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞,容易讓人讀混(斜線分隔同義詞,冒號分隔反義詞)。
estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall
意群訓練:Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
2. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes,respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. (3+)
在浮游動物數(shù)量激增的高峰期,亦即在春季后期以及夏季,哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率,對于營養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言,分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%。
難句類型:插入語
解釋:句中有兩組插入語,每組兩個插入語,尤其是第二組,把rate of從中間劈開。不過因為句義尚好理解,所以本句只是有一點別扭,但不算太難。
意群訓練:In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance,that is,in the late spring and in the summer,Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates,for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes,respectively,of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
GRE閱讀制勝法則:長句、難句重磅解析
1. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)
以下哪一個選項最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的“人類行為細節(jié)”相對“人類所受限制”之間的差異,從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個合適的類比?
難句類型:復雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋:本句子在所有GRE或GMAT閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復雜,而且用詞抽象,使得讀者如果想根據(jù)語義來搞清楚誰修飾誰,也變得極為困難。分析如下:本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction? Versus是一個介詞,等于against,即體育比賽中的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個對答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology, 說明這種類比的比較雙方所比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。
意群訓練:Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
2. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)
在存在大量食草動物的同時卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊,這暗示出——但沒能證明——食草動物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
難句類型:插入語
解釋:本句主語很長,而且謂語suggested與that引導的賓語從句間被插入語but did not prove隔開,造成閱讀障礙。當suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時候,其意思不是建議,而是指一種基于主觀臆測的推理,中文翻譯成“暗示”。其英文釋義為:to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中,常用suggest,but do not prove來描述一種沒有真憑實據(jù)、可能有問題的理論,然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。
意群訓練:A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.
GRE閱讀制勝法則:長句、難句重磅解析
1. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. (4)
史學家弗雷德里克.杰.特納(Frederick J.Turner)于十九世紀九十年代著述道,美國約自18世紀70年代以來一直在持續(xù)不斷發(fā)展的農(nóng)民不滿,由于國內(nèi)邊遠地區(qū)(internal frontier)的封閉而更趨加劇——亦即是說,美國農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)進一步擴展所必需的可資利用的新土地幾近耗竭。
難句類型:復雜修飾
解釋:典型的句子套句子。主句是F.J.T. wrote that,賓語從句中主干是the agrarian discontent had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier,在從句的主語the agrarian discontent后面又來了一個定語從句。
意群訓練:The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier——that is,the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.
2. In the early 1950's,historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. (4)
難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語
譯文:二十世紀五十年代早期,研究前工業(yè)化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家,首次以眾多的人數(shù) (楊鵬的書中:第一次以大量的數(shù)據(jù)),開始調(diào)查前工業(yè)化時代歐洲人口中的大多數(shù),而非那些構(gòu)成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口,即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴,而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作。
解釋:句子中有兩個插入語,一個是跟在preindustrial Europe之后的which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800,這個插入語的直接作用是解釋前面的preindustrial Europe的年代,而起到的客觀作用則是把主句中的主語和謂語分割得很遠;第二個插入語是在began,for the first time in large numbers, to investingate中間,把一個好好的began to斬為兩段。
這句話另外一個難以理解的地方是more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent,表示的是在工業(yè)化以前的歐洲人口中超過了那2%到3%的人,亦即占97%到98%的人民群眾。
意群訓練:In the early 1950's,historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began,for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.
GRE閱讀制勝法則訓練方法及要點解析




