GRE閱讀制勝法則

GRE閱讀制勝法則,長(zhǎng)難句舉例解析，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀制勝法則：長(zhǎng)難句舉例解析

1、長(zhǎng)成分

1)長(zhǎng)從句做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及其他成分

a、主語(yǔ)從句 b、賓語(yǔ)從句

2)長(zhǎng)狀語(yǔ)

3)層層修飾

4)并列成分

2、常見(jiàn)倒裝搭配

(1)及物動(dòng)詞加介詞：固定詞組的固定搭配中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況，如：bring A to B，寫(xiě)作：bring to B A

例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one ofthe most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

類(lèi)似的情況：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for, advocate as 等

(2)及物動(dòng)詞加副詞

例：make possible …(單詞或者句子)

3、省略的幾種情況

(1)重復(fù)的成分

(2)讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的省略：如although (but)

(3)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略which(that )

(4)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和系動(dòng)詞同時(shí)省略，變成后置定語(yǔ)

如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

4、 短語(yǔ)被分割

如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

5、多重否定

如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .

6、難句分析舉例

Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]本句是典型的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，難點(diǎn)在其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定，并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。分句 an element…landowners 又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)是(which was)representing…，另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…可見(jiàn)，定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。

[句子翻譯] 對(duì)資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的數(shù)量和重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國(guó)計(jì)民生的一部分，代表了非個(gè)人責(zé)任的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離，而且也幾乎與責(zé)任管理相分離。

GRE閱讀制勝法則：長(zhǎng)句、難句重磅解析

1. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact –real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . (4)

如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點(diǎn)就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對(duì)于這種社會(huì)的廟睡不是太多的被用來(lái)表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)”。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞

解釋?zhuān)河袃蓚€(gè)詞匯需要先解釋一下：something be meant to represent是use something to mean的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。mean在這里不是常用的"……的意思是"的意思，而是表示做某事所表達(dá)的目的、意圖，其英文釋義為：to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate.句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為：something be meant not so much to,,, but rather to, 實(shí)際上是把be meant to和not rather 的兩個(gè)固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是為了……而是為了……

另外，suppose的意思很抽象，不容易理解。此詞既有據(jù)信、被認(rèn)為的意思，也有預(yù)期的意思，還有表示貶義的假想的被想當(dāng)然的意思。

本句的supposed用法極其特殊，在此處的意思，用以上任何一個(gè)釋義來(lái)理解居然都可以成立，既是在說(shuō)一個(gè)預(yù)期的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，又是在說(shuō)一個(gè)虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的、本來(lái)不存在的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，其用法類(lèi)似于中文中的一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，是文章作者自以為文筆精妙之處。

意群訓(xùn)練：If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but rather to offer"moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society.

2. Thus,for instance,it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations. (5)

因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略

解釋?zhuān)鹤x到此句時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)家不見(jiàn)得震驚，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專(zhuān)有名詞。對(duì)于不是理科的同學(xué)來(lái)講，在閱讀這篇文章的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)清楚地明白應(yīng)該讀到什么程度遠(yuǎn)比研究這些生僻的專(zhuān)有名詞更重要。其實(shí)是否知道薛定鄂方程對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)并不見(jiàn)得重要，GRE考試的出題者也不見(jiàn)得知道它;關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思;數(shù)學(xué)家不能理解不精確和近似值的偉大意義。不過(guò)在本書(shū)中，出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓(xùn)練為目的，所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。

主句中的主語(yǔ)it是一個(gè)開(kāi)工主語(yǔ)，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從to learn開(kāi)始一直到句子結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實(shí)在太長(zhǎng)，如果放在句首則句子無(wú)法平衡。Learn后面帶著兩個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，中間以分號(hào)和and分開(kāi)，可以把分號(hào)以后的句子看成是and it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。

意群訓(xùn)練：Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematiians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.

GRE閱讀制勝法則：長(zhǎng)句、難句重磅解析

1. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact –real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . (4)

如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點(diǎn)就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對(duì)于這種社會(huì)的廟睡不是太多的被用來(lái)表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)”。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞

解釋?zhuān)河袃蓚€(gè)詞匯需要先解釋一下：something be meant to represent是use something to mean的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。mean在這里不是常用的"……的意思是"的意思，而是表示做某事所表達(dá)的目的、意圖，其英文釋義為：to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate.句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為：something be meant not so much to,,, but rather to, 實(shí)際上是把be meant to和not rather 的兩個(gè)固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是為了……而是為了……

另外，suppose的意思很抽象，不容易理解。此詞既有據(jù)信、被認(rèn)為的意思，也有預(yù)期的意思，還有表示貶義的假想的被想當(dāng)然的意思。

本句的supposed用法極其特殊，在此處的意思，用以上任何一個(gè)釋義來(lái)理解居然都可以成立，既是在說(shuō)一個(gè)預(yù)期的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，又是在說(shuō)一個(gè)虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的、本來(lái)不存在的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，其用法類(lèi)似于中文中的一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，是文章作者自以為文筆精妙之處。

意群訓(xùn)練：If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but rather to offer"moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society.

2. Thus,for instance,it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum field-theoretical equations. (5)

因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、省略

解釋?zhuān)鹤x到此句時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)家不見(jiàn)得震驚，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專(zhuān)有名詞。對(duì)于不是理科的同學(xué)來(lái)講，在閱讀這篇文章的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)清楚地明白應(yīng)該讀到什么程度遠(yuǎn)比研究這些生僻的專(zhuān)有名詞更重要。其實(shí)是否知道薛定鄂方程對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)并不見(jiàn)得重要，GRE考試的出題者也不見(jiàn)得知道它;關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思;數(shù)學(xué)家不能理解不精確和近似值的偉大意義。不過(guò)在本書(shū)中，出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓(xùn)練為目的，所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。

主句中的主語(yǔ)it是一個(gè)開(kāi)工主語(yǔ)，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從to learn開(kāi)始一直到句子結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實(shí)在太長(zhǎng)，如果放在句首則句子無(wú)法平衡。Learn后面帶著兩個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，中間以分號(hào)和and分開(kāi)，可以把分號(hào)以后的句子看成是and it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。

意群訓(xùn)練：Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematiians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.

GRE閱讀制勝法則：長(zhǎng)句、難句重磅解析

1、The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)

物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無(wú)誤的論據(jù)不無(wú)道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無(wú)誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴(lài)于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會(huì)失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無(wú)誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾

解釋?zhuān)罕揪湓谖恼轮芯褪且粋€(gè)自然段，雖然長(zhǎng)度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)10行的例子，但是難度絕不在那句話(huà)之下。本句堪稱(chēng)句子的大雜燴，連主句帶從句居然一共有八個(gè)。從大往小說(shuō)，由whereas連接了兩個(gè)大句子，whereas后面的句子中的主語(yǔ)an augument之后又跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that is convincing though imprecise, 修飾augument.whereas前面共有六個(gè)句子，由the physicist作主語(yǔ)的主句;由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾since從句中主語(yǔ)an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此定語(yǔ)從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句only if it is precise; since從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語(yǔ)assumptions的定語(yǔ)從句on which it is based一共八個(gè)句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。

然而，在考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會(huì)干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話(huà)，什么時(shí)候練到不必去想其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握;再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個(gè)句子有什么特別的地方，看上去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。

意群訓(xùn)練：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

2、 Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. (5)

可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來(lái)的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來(lái)的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。

難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)

解釋?zhuān)壕渥拥慕Y(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語(yǔ)令人吃驚地長(zhǎng)，在最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后的led以前，全是主語(yǔ)!其實(shí)句子的主干簡(jiǎn)單，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers.但是本句的主語(yǔ)the fact后面的修飾成分長(zhǎng)得嚇人，先是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;定語(yǔ)從句中又套了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。然后逗號(hào)后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)兼任插入語(yǔ)，practice后面的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語(yǔ)從句套著定語(yǔ)從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。

意群訓(xùn)練：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.

GRE閱讀制勝法則相關(guān)文章：