GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類文章特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解

GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類文章特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解，我們一起來看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類文章特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解

GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章應(yīng)對(duì)心得：了解文章措辭風(fēng)格

對(duì)于GRE閱讀考試來說，學(xué)術(shù)化就是最大的綱，也是它迥異于托福雅思的綱，我曾在另文中指出，雅思托福的命題目的是生活化，而對(duì)于GRE來說，學(xué)術(shù)化代表著措辭的規(guī)范和溫和。對(duì)于考生的意義在于，文章的整體是溫和的，文章里面出現(xiàn)的極端的言辭都是要注意的，文章里面的事實(shí)都是與我們學(xué)術(shù)生活共時(shí)的，對(duì)于過去的追憶和反現(xiàn)實(shí)的虛擬狀態(tài)，都是非常明顯的潛在出題點(diǎn)。尤其是虛擬語氣，往往表示應(yīng)然而非然之狀態(tài)，很有可能出現(xiàn)負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)，以態(tài)度題的方式考察。而一切過分極端的言辭，如絕對(duì)的說法，大多數(shù)，比較級(jí)尤其是強(qiáng)烈比較級(jí)，在文章里的出現(xiàn)要注意，還有一種也是強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比的標(biāo)志，就是以大寫字母標(biāo)注的時(shí)間，指明某時(shí)之前或之后，我們稱之為時(shí)間強(qiáng)對(duì)比。以上總結(jié)之，即是三大關(guān)系，強(qiáng)對(duì)比，因果以及轉(zhuǎn)折。表示這些關(guān)系的連詞，一律要注意，最好做出標(biāo)記。而對(duì)于題目來說，考生要注意以上說法是在哪里出現(xiàn)，如果文章有這些強(qiáng)烈的措辭，那么題目當(dāng)中對(duì)應(yīng)這些段落的選項(xiàng)也有，就很可能是對(duì)的，如果選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)而文章的相應(yīng)位置沒有，則該選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò)。

GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)文章應(yīng)對(duì)心得：預(yù)見作者的態(tài)度

主題題，態(tài)度題如何解決呢?首先我們需要了解GRE考試的評(píng)價(jià)體系。對(duì)于激進(jìn)的(進(jìn)化論)左的(馬列)上綱上線的，通常不與支持，對(duì)于以政治干涉學(xué)術(shù)，尤其反對(duì)。對(duì)于歧視弱者，損害弱者尤其反對(duì)，弱者恒強(qiáng)。Should, must, should have 等詞也是負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)，應(yīng)然不然。選項(xiàng)中極端的，進(jìn)行人生攻擊的，模棱兩可的，諂媚的，馬上排除，因?yàn)檫@是學(xué)術(shù)考試。選項(xiàng)過分極端的副詞，也要小心，如表示絕對(duì)的言辭。

GRE閱讀備考時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)文章?

諸生讀此類文章最大誤區(qū)在于試圖讀懂，更有甚者，尋求文章之背景，遍尋譯文，以期充分理解每個(gè)GRE詞匯，雖有燃膏繼晷之功，難有吳甲吞楚之效，蓋此種文章，非為考生讀懂而設(shè)計(jì)。更有甚者，仿閱讀之結(jié)構(gòu)，言辭，圖作文之高分，則更加南轅北轍，緣木求魚而已。請(qǐng)殺雞諸位謹(jǐn)記：這是考試，你只有13-15分鐘做題，文章不是用來讀懂的，對(duì)待難句最好的辦法是考慮怎么不讀，少讀，而不是分析。學(xué)術(shù)文章特點(diǎn)就是規(guī)范，層次清晰，主題明確。我們一定要讀出套路，尤其是文章觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)量，這個(gè)直接關(guān)系到主題題怎么出。我們要把每段的層次的連詞標(biāo)記出來，我們還要知道每個(gè)層次的主題詞是什么，周圍有沒有否定詞(改善題)，有沒有褒貶的詞(態(tài)度題，應(yīng)用題)至于例子，也可以考慮不讀或者少讀，因?yàn)镚RE閱讀詞匯重點(diǎn)考觀點(diǎn)，例子是事實(shí)，事實(shí)記得越多，混淆信息越多，做題越慢，準(zhǔn)確率越低。對(duì)于例子，只要記住位置就可以，題目考到再看，不考堅(jiān)決不看。以觀點(diǎn)記例子，以觀點(diǎn)分層次，以觀點(diǎn)分邏輯關(guān)系。

GRE閱讀備考如何審題破題?

首先記住，先文后題。道理很簡單，你直接讀題，根本讀不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白兩個(gè)問題，這個(gè)題目對(duì)應(yīng)文章那個(gè)層次，考的是觀點(diǎn)還是例子。

關(guān)于如何準(zhǔn)備GRE閱讀中的學(xué)術(shù)類文章小編就介紹到這里想，希望你看完之后能夠在GRE閱讀備考中好好把握這類文章的閱讀思路，這樣才能夠在GRE閱讀考試的過程中更好的應(yīng)對(duì)。

GRE閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇

Of Homer’s two epic poems, the Odyssey has always been more popular than the Iliad, perhaps because it includes more features of mythology that are accessible to readers. Its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “l(fā)ife-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic Iliad, however, presents “l(fā)ife-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. In addition, the Iliad, more than the Odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods’ involvement in human actions, and to the extent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the Iliad is less satisfying than the Odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. Finally, since the Iliad presents a historically verifiable action, Troy’s siege, the poem raises historical questions that are absent from the Odyssey’s blithely imaginative world.

17. The author uses Mack’s “categories” (lines 4-5) most probably in order to

(A) argue that the Iliad should replace the Odyssey as the more popular poem

(B) indicate Mack’s importance as a commentator on the Iliad and the Odyssey

(C) suggest one way in which the Iliad and the Odyssey can be distinguished

(D) point out some of the difficulties faced by readers of the Iliad and the Odyssey

(E) demonstrate that the Iliad and the Odyssey can best be distinguished by comparing their respective heroes

18. The author suggests that the variety of incidents in the Odyssey is likely to deter the reader from

(A) concentrating on the poem’s mythological features

(B) concentrating on the psychological states of the poem’s central character

(C) accepting the explanation that have been offered for the poem’s popularity

(D) accepting the poem’s scheme of divine justice

(E) accepting Maynard Mack’s theory that the poem’s subject is “l(fā)ife-as-spectacle”

19. The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) distinguishing arguments

(B) applying classifications

(C) initiating a debate

(D) resolving a dispute

(E) developing a contrast

20. It can be inferred from the passage that a reader of the Iliad is likely to have trouble identifying with the poem’s hero for which of the following reasons?

(A) The hero is eventually revealed to be unheroic.

(B) The hero can be observed by the reader only from without.

(C) The hero’s psychology is not historically verifiable.

(D) The hero’s emotions often do not seem appealing to the reader.

(E) The hero’s emotions are not sufficiently various to engage the reader’s attention.

Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images). Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder (starry flounder: (美洲)箭齒鰈,星斑川鰈) species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed. In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.

Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a “cline (cline: n.[生]漸變?nèi)?一種生態(tài)特征))” and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences. For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage (selective advantage: 選擇有利性) in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other?

The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa. This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.

The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. As other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an evolutionary red herring (red herring: n.熏青魚, 轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的話).

21. According to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder

(A) are not basically bilaterally symmetric

(B) do not become asymmetric until adulthood

(C) do not all share the same asymmetry

(D) have both eyes on the same side of the head

(E) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions

22. The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?

I. They are adaptive variations by the starry flounder to environmental differences.

II. They do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.

III. They occur in different proportions in different locations.

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) I and III only

(D) II and III only

(E) I, II, and III

23. According to the passage, a possible disadvantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can

(A) adhere to one another

(B) detach from the eyes

(C) cross

(D) stretch

(E) twist

24. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?

(A) A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.

(B) A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.

(C) A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.

(D) A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.

(E) A hypothesis is introduced and corroborated in the light of new evidence.

25. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

(A) Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?

(B) Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?

(C) Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?

(D) How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?

(E) How did Parker make his discoveries about the anatomy of optic nerves in flatfish?

26. Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the passage?

(A) A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin

(B) A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit

(C) A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price

(D) A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill

(E) A national park in which the ranger stations are placed so as to be inconspicuous, and yet as easily accessible as possible

27. Which of the following phrases from the passage best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?

(A) “Most striking” (line 4)

(B) “variation is adaptive” (line 19)

(C) “mechanically disadvantageous” (lines 3738)

(D) “adaptively significant” (lines 48-49)

(E) “evolutionary red herring” (line 54)

答案：17-27：CBEDCDEABDE