往年托福閱讀真題及答案
托福(TOEFL)歷年真題的重要性不言而喻，這是目前托?？荚嚦鲱}思路的唯一參考資料，因此現今每場托?？荚囍卸紩霈F大量的舊題，那么能拿到最高效的真題資料就尤為關鍵了。下面給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x真題，希望對你們有所幫助。
往年托福閱讀真題及答案
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.While there certainly were urban areas that were “planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense of the word before that date, most notably Washington, D.C., these were the exception. Most “planned” in the nineteenth century was limited to areas much smaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to make a profit from a piece of land. Even when these small-scale plans were well designed, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutely necessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market. Indeed, it was the absence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such an important role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.
1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century America requires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movement of the 1890s changed “urban planning.”
B.For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term is understood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.
C.oncerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on the growth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movement began.
D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in the creation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of the term “urban planning.”
首先我們先明確題目的要求，其實題目中一共應該是3個核心重點要求：
(1)best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage
(2)Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways
(3)or leave out essential information.
通過對題目的分析我們不難發(fā)現，essential這個單詞出現了2次，換言之，題目要求大家做的是“找出句子的核心含義”，那么什么算是“核心含義”呢?要明白這個問題就要深刻理解一個概念：英語句內邏輯結構
比如
although A, B 中 AB兩部分為讓步轉折關系，核心點是轉折后的B句，because A, B中 AB兩部分為因果關系，核心點是結論B句。根據這樣的理論我們來對之前的句子進行以下處理：
(1)找到邏輯關系詞：
In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
A, as B 因果關系，核心是結論A
(2)找到從句/分句鏈接詞和從句/分句
(分句)In discussingthe growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century,one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization which,(從句)in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
(3)剔除次要成分，從句，分句，僅保留句子主干
one cannot really use the term “urban planning,”
(4)根據句子邏輯按照重要級進行排列
①one cannot really use the term “urban planning,”
②as it suggests modern concerns for spatial and service organization
③which, in most instances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the City Beautiful Movement that began in the 1890s.
④In discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenth century,
到此為止，我們已經順利完成了對這句話的拆分，也明白了整句話中那部分是最重要的，那部分是次要的，下一步就應該考慮選項的選擇了。
因為題目的要求是：Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
所以正確選項的邏輯應該是：在保證有重點①的情況下，越詳細越好，但只要沒有重點①，那就一定是錯誤選項。
到此，其實正確答案已經順利浮出水面，就是B選項：For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term is understood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s.
給備考TOEFL的同學們提幾點建議
從2016年3月份開始TOEFL考試出現了以下幾點特點：
(1)多套題目并行考試
特點：同一場考試會有4-5套題同時在考，這就相當于是10幾篇閱讀，10幾篇聽力等
應對措施：堅持面授集訓真題課程長線作戰(zhàn)，上考場前盡可能熟悉2014年-2017年全盤TOEFL考場原題，上課+自習室刷題，在提高實力的同時，增強考運。
(2)閱讀加試頻繁
特點：之前甚至很多同學不知“閱讀加試”為何物，很簡單，當你看到你的閱讀倒計時為“79:59”的時候，就是表示你需要完成4篇閱讀，其中1篇為加試。
應對措施：從容!淡定!其實你要知道閱讀加試總比聽力加試爽一些吧?
(3)聽力難度加大
特點：從2016年開始TOEFL就有難度提升的趨勢，尤其是在聽力方面體現的更加突出，非常喜歡在很細節(jié)的小點上出題
應對措施：“以聽為主，以記為輔”，需要明白的是聽力考試的本質還是在于“聽懂”，很多同學花了大把大把的時間去記筆記，但最后發(fā)現記的都沒考，考的都沒記，需要明白的是，在聽力考試過程中最重要的依然是“聽懂”，筆記很大程度上來說只是一個輔助!而不是聽力考試的全部!
(4)舊題頻繁
特點：尤其是在聽力和閱讀部分幾乎每場考試都有大量之前考過的舊題出現，目前TOEFL考試中復現概率最高的是2014年-2016年題目
應對措施：多做多練，而且請不要再只關注TPO(那是早就被ETS所廢棄的題目，堅決不會出現在實際考試中!)
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