2020上半年翻譯資格考試二級筆譯備考試題整合

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2020上半年翻譯資格考試二級筆譯備考試題

Carmaking: Track Mentality

PSA Group’s boss has revived its fortunes. He isn’t done

Carlos Tavares likes to move quickly. The boss of PSA, maker of Peugeots and Citro?ns, has a passion for motor racing and speed pervades his day-to-day activities, too. The intense Portuguese arrives abruptly for meetings and departs so swiftly that it takes a few seconds to realise that he has gone. His reputation as the most talented boss now running a car company is also built on speed – his rapid and remarkable turnaround of two struggling firms, first PSA itself and then Opel, acquired from General Motors (GM) in 2017. Steering his mass-market firm towards the future of carmaking will not be easy.

The permanent frown clouding Mr Tavares’s brow is a testament to the tough jobs he has pulled off. First, after taking the wheel of PSA in 2014 after years of heavy losses, he rescued it from bankruptcy. To near-universal surprise, he restored the firm to the black in a year. Revenues and profits have since grown handsomely; profit margins now rival those of German premium carmakers.

As Maxime Picat, PSA’s director of operation in Europe, drily observes, seeking profits first and volumes afterwards has “not always been the case” in an industry that has prioritised sales and market share. PSA sought to sell fewer cars at a bigger mark-up. It axed niche models that made little money and slashed costs by limiting the bewildering array of combinations of engines, body styles and the like.

When PSA was criticised for lacking the heft to make big investments in electric vehicles and self-driving cars, Mr Tavares paid GM ?.3bn ($1.4bn) for its struggling European arm. This added around 1m vehicles a year to the 2.8m the rest of the group built in 2018, making it Europe’s second-biggest carmaker behind Volkswagen. He applied his tactics again, this time to a company which had suffered two decades of losses totalling around $20bn under American ownership. In 2018 Opel reported an operating profit of over ?60m.

The resurrection of two struggling car giants has propelled PSA’s share price by 14% over the past year. Steering the combined firm through the next series of bends will take a different set of skills, however. Car sales in Europe, where PSA generates 80% of revenues, are less brisk than in the past. Markets such as India and Russia, which Mr Tavares is eyeing, are trickier to negotiate. PSA has struggled in China, where carmakers have done well in recent years. Making humdrum Opels (sold as Vauxhalls in Britain) desirable will require heavy spending. Placid unions, which recognised PSA’s difficulties, may become less so as its health improves.

A plan to return to America has also met with scepticism. PSA’s brands are largely forgotten there – the last one, Peugeot, departed 28 years ago. Rather than spending heavily on marketing, building a factory and losing money “l(fā)ike hell”, Mr Picat says, PSA will start with car-sharing services to reintroduce the marques gradually as part of a ten-year project that will “make money at every step”. This seems to be one place where Mr Tavares is content to go slowly.

Further down the road, he worries about the added costs of electrification to meet EU emissions targets. The American car-sharing venture will offer some experience in mobility services, but PSA lags behind many rivals in autonomous vehicles. All this will require heavy spending.

Greater scale would help. Mr Tavares is on the lookout for deals. A tie-up with GM or Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (whose chairman, John Elkann, sits on the board of The Economist’s parent company) has been rumoured. So has a takeover of struggling Jaguar Land Rover from its Indian owners. Some industry-watchers think consolidation is imminent – and virtually all believe it is necessary to share the costs of developing electric vehicles, self-driving cars and mobility services. Since the death last year of Sergio Marchionne, Fiat Chrysler’s legendary boss, and the legal travails in Japan of Carlos Ghosn, ejected from his leadership roles in the Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance, many observers see Mr Tavares as the only car boss with the skill to cut big and difficult deals.

汽車制造：賽道心態(tài)

PSA的老板已令集團重振雄風(fēng)，但使命尚未完成

標(biāo)致和雪鐵龍汽車的制造商PSA的老板唐唯實喜歡快速行動。他熱愛賽車，日常工作也是雷厲風(fēng)行。在公司會議上，這位性情熱烈的葡萄牙人會突然來到，又迅疾離去，大家要過幾秒鐘才能反應(yīng)過來他已離場。他之所以被譽為最具才華的汽車公司老板，也是因為速度——他迅速扭轉(zhuǎn)了兩家公司的頹勢，先是PSA自己，然后是PSA在2017年從通用汽車收購的歐寶，成績驚人。不過，帶領(lǐng)這家大眾市場汽車公司邁向汽車制造業(yè)的未來并非易事。

唐唯實終日眉頭深鎖，足以證明他成就的是何等艱巨的任務(wù)。首先，2014年，他在PSA嚴(yán)重虧損多年后掌舵，將公司從破產(chǎn)邊緣拉回。幾乎出乎所有人的意料，他在一年內(nèi)便使公司扭虧為盈。之后收入和利潤均大幅增長，到現(xiàn)在利潤率已經(jīng)可以媲美德國的高端汽車制造商。

PSA的歐洲運營總監(jiān)畢高誠淡淡地說，在這個向來強調(diào)銷售和市場份額的行業(yè)，先求利潤再談銷量“不是常見做法”。而PSA正是以較高的成本加成銷售少一些的汽車。它砍掉了不怎么賺錢的小眾車型，同時減少令人眼花繚亂的發(fā)動機、車身款式等配置選擇以降低成本。

在PSA被批體量不足，無法對電動汽車和無人駕駛大筆投入時，唐唯實花費13億歐元(14億美元)收購了通用汽車陷入困境的歐洲業(yè)務(wù)。PSA在2018年的汽車年產(chǎn)量原本為280萬輛，收購之后增加約100萬輛，使之成為僅次于大眾的歐洲第二大汽車制造商。唐唯實再次施展魔法，這次是對一家在美國人掌控下在20年間累計虧損約200億美元的公司。而到了2018年，歐寶的營業(yè)利潤超過8.6億歐元。

兩家陷入困境的汽車巨頭成功逆襲，推動PSA的股價在過去一年里上漲了14%。然而，要駕馭合并后的公司順利通過下一串彎道需要的是另一套技能。在歐洲(為PSA創(chuàng)造了80%的收入)，汽車銷售已不如過去強勁。唐唯實目前緊盯印度和俄羅斯等市場，但在這些地方做生意的難度更大。在中國，近年來其他汽車制造商的業(yè)績不俗，但PSA的中國業(yè)務(wù)卻處境不佳。要讓乏善可陳的歐寶(在英國名為沃克斯豪爾)受到買家青睞，不投入重金是不行的。隨著PSA日漸復(fù)蘇，以前體諒公司困境而保持溫和的工會也可能有所動作。

集團重返美國市場的計劃也受到了質(zhì)疑。在美國，PSA的品牌基本上已被遺忘，它最后一個淡出美國市場的品牌是標(biāo)致，那已經(jīng)是28年前的事了。畢高誠表示，PSA不會砸大錢來營銷和建廠，然后虧得“血本無歸”，而是要實施一個“每一步都盈利”的十年期項目，先從汽車共享服務(wù)入手，逐步把品牌再次引入美國市場。在這方面，唐唯實似乎是樂意慢慢來的。

再向前推進，唐唯實還擔(dān)心為滿足歐盟排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而新增的電氣化成本。在美國的汽車共享業(yè)務(wù)會為集團帶來一些出行服務(wù)上的經(jīng)驗，但PSA在無人駕駛汽車這一塊落后于許多競爭對手。這一切都需要大量投入資金。

擴大企業(yè)規(guī)模會有所幫助。唐唯實正在尋找并購機會。有傳言稱PSA打算與通用汽車或菲亞特-克萊斯勒(其董事長約翰·埃爾坎為《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》母公司董事)合并。還有傳言稱PSA將從印度人手中收購苦苦掙扎的捷豹路虎。部分行業(yè)觀察人士認(rèn)為整合迫在眉睫。而幾乎所有人都認(rèn)同必須分擔(dān)開發(fā)電動汽車、無人駕駛和出行服務(wù)的成本。去年，菲亞特-克萊斯勒極富傳奇色彩的總裁塞爾吉奧·馬爾喬內(nèi)去世，卡洛斯·戈恩又在日本因身陷官司而被迫從雷諾-日產(chǎn)-三菱聯(lián)盟下臺，自此許多觀察人士認(rèn)為，車廠老板中就剩唐唯實有能力斬獲高難度的大型并購交易了。

2020上半年翻譯資格考試二級筆譯備考試題

US States Use Drones to Predict Rockslides, Watch Wildlife

In the western American state of Utah, drone aircraft are flying near avalanches to watch snow crashing down from mountains.

Drones are also being used in the southeastern United States. For example, in North Carolina, they are searching for endangered birds and the places they use to raise their young.

Public transportation agencies are using drones in nearly every state. That information comes from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or AASHTO.

In a report released this month, the nonprofit group found a large increase in the use of drones over the past few years. The aircraft are also called unmanned aerial vehicles.

The association’s survey found that governments as well as private citizens have accepted the technology. They include individuals who love flying model aircraft.

In 2016, the group found that no state transportation agency was using drones every day. Now, 36 states employ certified drone pilots.

Jim Tymon is the executive director of the association. “You’ve seen the cost of drones come down significantly, and the capabilities that come along with some drones increase significantly as well,” he said.

Jared Esselman is the director of aeronautics at the Utah Department of Transportation. He says that drones are valuable for all kinds of work.

“We can predict not only snow slides, but mudslides and water runoff as the snow melts,” Esselman said. “Drones are a perfect tool for any job that is dangerous or dirty.”

In North Carolina, drones are finding the nests of endangered species like the red-cockaded woodpecker, reports Basil Yap. He is the unmanned aerial systems program manager at the state’s transportation department.

People once used helicopters or all-terrain vehicles to inspect for evidence of woodpeckers before building new projects. But the drones can do the job quicker with fewer problems, Yap said.

A number of states are beginning to explore how to create laws to control a flood of private drone traffic that is likely to come in the future. In Ohio, the state government is working on an air-traffic control system, called SkyVision, which would enable drones to recognize and avoid other aircraft in flight.

美國各州使用無人機預(yù)測山崩，觀測野生動物

在美國西部的猶他州，無人機正在雪崩附近飛行，觀測從山上崩塌的雪體。

美國東南部也在使用無人機。例如，在北卡羅萊納，無人機正在搜尋瀕臨滅絕的鳥類和它們用來養(yǎng)育幼鳥的地方。

幾乎每個州的公共交通機構(gòu)都在使用無人機。這些信息來自美國國家公路和運輸官員協(xié)會。

在本月發(fā)布的一份報告中，這家非盈利組織發(fā)現(xiàn)，無人機的使用在過去幾年大幅增加。這種飛機也被稱為“無人駕駛飛行器”。

該協(xié)會的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，政府以及普通公民都接受了這項技術(shù)。其中包括模型飛機的愛好者。

在2016年，該組織發(fā)現(xiàn)，還沒有任何州運輸機構(gòu)每天使用無人機。如今，有36個州雇傭了有執(zhí)照的無人機操控員。

吉姆·泰蒙是該協(xié)會的執(zhí)行董事。他說:“無人機的成本顯著下降，而且一些無人機的性能也顯著提高?！?/p>

賈里德·埃塞爾曼是猶他州交通部航空主管。他說無人機對各種工作都很有價值。

埃塞爾曼說:“我們不僅可以預(yù)測雪崩，還能預(yù)測積雪融化引發(fā)的泥石流和洪水。無人機是處理危險或臟亂工作的完美工具。”

巴茲爾·雅普報告稱，北卡羅來納州無人機正在搜尋瀕危物種的巢穴，如紅啄木鳥。他是該州交通部無人機系統(tǒng)項目經(jīng)理。

雅普表示，在新項目建造前，人們曾經(jīng)利用直升機或全地形汽車來檢測啄木鳥的跡象。而無人機能夠更快完成任務(wù)，而且遇到的問題也更少。

一些州開始探索如何制定法律來控制未來可能大量出現(xiàn)的私人無人機飛行。在俄亥俄州，州政府正在研究一種名為的空中交通管制系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可讓無人機識別并避讓其它飛行中的飛機。

2020上半年翻譯資格考試二級筆譯備考試題

Disneyland Opens “Star Wars” Area of Park

迪士尼開放“星球大戰(zhàn)”主題公園

Chewbacca climbed into the pilot seat of the Millennium Falcon as fireworks exploded above Disneyland in Anaheim, California, Wednesday.

周三，加利福尼亞州阿納海姆市的迪士尼樂園上空煙花絢爛，楚巴卡登上千年隼號的飛行員座位。

Chewbacca is an imaginary creature born in the first of the Star Wars series of movies. He was in Disneyland for a ceremony to open the new Star Wars area at the theme park.

楚巴卡是一個虛構(gòu)的生物，誕生于星球大戰(zhàn)系列電影的第一部。他現(xiàn)身迪士尼樂園是為了慶祝迪士尼開放“星球大戰(zhàn)”主題公園的開幕式。

“Chewie, let’s fire up the Falcon,” said Mark Hamill, the actor who played Luke Skywalker. He also attended the event to open the more than five-and-one-half hectare area called Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge. It opened to the public Friday.

“楚伊，讓我們啟動千年隼吧?！卑缪荼R克·天行者的演員馬克·哈米爾說。 他也參加了此次活動，來為這個叫做“星球大戰(zhàn)：銀河邊緣”的主題區(qū)揭幕。主題區(qū)占地超過5.5公頃，于周五向公眾開放。

The furry Chewbacca had trouble starting the huge spaceship, which led actor Harrison Ford to surprise the crowd and offer an assist. Ford played the Star Wars character Han Solo. He hit the side of the ship and said “Peter, this one’s for you,” in honor of Peter Mayhew, the actor who played Chewbacca in five films and died in April.

毛茸茸的楚巴卡在啟動這個巨大的宇宙飛船時遇到了麻煩，讓演員哈里森·福特給人群帶來了驚喜，并提供幫助。福特在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中飾演漢·索洛一角。他拍拍船身，然后說“彼特，這個是給你的”，以紀(jì)念彼特·梅猶。彼特曾在五部電影中扮演楚巴卡，于今年四月離世。

Ford stood on stage with Hamill, Disney Chief Executive Bob Iger, Star Wars creator George Lucas, and Billy Dee Williams, who performed the part of Lando Calrissian in Star Wars.

福特與哈米爾，迪士尼首席執(zhí)行官鮑勃·艾格，《星球大戰(zhàn)》創(chuàng)造者喬治·盧卡斯，以及在《星球大戰(zhàn)》中扮演蘭多·卡里西安的比利·迪·威廉姆斯等人一同站在舞臺上。

Lucas created the Star Wars movie series in 1977 and sold it to Disney in 2012. He gave high praise to Galaxy’s Edge, which is set in Black Spire Outpost, a settlement on a planet called Batuu that appeared in “Star Wars” books but never in film.

盧卡斯于1977年創(chuàng)作了《星球大戰(zhàn)》系列電影，并于2012年將其賣給了迪士尼。他對“銀河邊緣”給予了高度評價，該主題園區(qū)設(shè)在黑峰哨站，是一個名為“巴圖”的星球上的定居點?！鞍蛨D”曾在《星球大戰(zhàn)》書籍中出現(xiàn)過，但從未出現(xiàn)在電影中。

“You did a great job,” Lucas said to Iger. “It could have gone very bad but it didn’t.”

盧卡斯對艾格說：“你做得非常棒。這本可能會變得非常糟糕，但是并沒有那樣?！?/p>

Lucas described the Star Wars area as “something you couldn’t even have dreamed about 20 years ago."

盧卡斯在描述“星球大戰(zhàn)”主題區(qū)時，稱“這在20年前你根本無法想象”。

“It will change your life,” he added.

“它將改變你的生活。”他補充道。

The place offers visitors the chance to step into the Millennium Falcon’s cockpit and control a simulated flight.

這個地方讓游客有機會進到千年隼的駕駛艙，控制模擬飛行。

Guests also can drink blue milk, eat space meat cooked by a pod-racing engine and have a drink at an outer-space restaurant.

游客還可以喝藍牛奶，吃由飛車引擎烹制的太空肉，并在外太空餐廳享用飲品。

Expectations run high from generations of fans. Many of the movie series lovers have waited 40 years since the first film to visit a real-world version of the galaxy far, far away.

一代代粉絲的期待越來越高。許多電影系列愛好者從第一部電影開始就期待參觀真實版本的遙遠銀河系，已經(jīng)等了40年了。

“The goal was to be ambitious, really ambitious,” Iger told a reporter earlier on Wednesday. “To be bold, but not only bold in terms of scale, but in terms of detail, artistry, technology, and to make sure first and foremost that we are pleasing the most ardent Star Wars fan.”

艾格周三早些時候告訴記者：“我們的目標(biāo)是宏偉的，真正宏大的。我們要大膽，但不僅限于規(guī)模，而且要在細節(jié)、藝術(shù)和技術(shù)方面大膽(創(chuàng)新)，并要確保首先要滿足最熱情的《星球大戰(zhàn)》的粉絲?！?/p>

Disney also aims to appeal to a broad group of Star Wars lovers as well as people without any attachment to the futuristic series.

迪士尼還旨在吸引廣泛的《星球大戰(zhàn)》愛好者以及對未來派系列沒有任何青睞的人群。