雅思寫作詞匯怎么提升

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從雅思官方每年給出的數(shù)據(jù)來看,中國考生在雅思寫作部分平均分為5.2分,而雅思聽力和閱讀都比雅思的均分要高上一些,以至于拉低了整體的分?jǐn)?shù)。今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘紝懽髟~匯怎么才能提升,希望能夠幫助到大家,一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。

雅思寫作詞匯怎么才能提升

1. 雅思寫作詞匯量有限,只會重復(fù)使用簡單的詞匯

考生的詞匯量不多,在復(fù)習(xí)過程中又不看優(yōu)秀范文,或者即使看了范文,將之與自己寫的文章對照后,也不做任何詞匯積累工作。如果作文中涉及“污染”這個詞的使用,絕大部分考生都選擇用pollution 這個詞,并且在行文過程中不停地重復(fù)這個詞。這樣重復(fù)使用一個詞導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果就是作文詞匯得分只能達(dá)到5分。

2. 有一定的寫作詞匯量,但是不會運(yùn)用,浪費了詞匯儲備

有些考生復(fù)習(xí)時會很注意積累范文中的用詞和表達(dá),但總是不得其法,背下來一堆“高大上”但卻不知道如何使用的詞。在考場上,這類考生往往有一種“茶壺里煮餃子——肚子里有貨倒不出”的感覺,即使背了很多詞匯,在考場上也發(fā)揮不出來。

例如,雖然考生在考試前記住了facilitate (to make it easier for a process or activity to happen)這個詞,但在考場上想表達(dá)“計算機(jī)可以幫助我們更好地學(xué)習(xí)語言”的時候,卻仍然寫成了“Computers make it easier for us to learn another language ”,而不是“Computers can be used to facilitate language learning ”。那么,對于這類考生來說,復(fù)習(xí)時所做的詞匯積累就毫無意義可言了。

3. 寫作用詞不準(zhǔn)確

有些考生很注重積累詞匯,但在寫作時卻不分語境地隨意使用。其結(jié)果是,雖然用了“高大上”的詞匯,卻因為用詞不準(zhǔn)確,仍不能得到自己滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。

例如有些考生在詞典中查到單詞endorse 的中文解釋有“贊同,同意”一項,于是決定把作文中的agree全改成endorse。殊不知,這個endorse在《朗文當(dāng)代英語詞典》中的英文定義是“to express formal support or approval for someone or something”,這意味著endorse表示“同意”時多用于正式場合,并且很多時候是有一定身份的人才可以使用的,例如:“The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. ”因此,考生在作文中直接把這個詞當(dāng)做“同意”來使用是不準(zhǔn)確的。

接下來,將從雅思寫作的詞匯評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入手,幫助考生們明確評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,同時提出解決上述三個問題的方法。

雅思寫作中詞匯評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求

雅思詞匯評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中已經(jīng)明確地闡述了不同分?jǐn)?shù)檔對考生的詞匯要求,下面筆者以5 分、6 分和7 分的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為例,為考生進(jìn)行分析講解。

雅思寫作5分:uses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate for the task; may make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the reader

雅思寫作6分:uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task; attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy; makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication

雅思寫作7分:uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and word formation

從這三個分?jǐn)?shù)檔的要求描述中可以看出:

如果考生想達(dá)到5 分,只需具有有限的詞匯量(limited range of vocabulary) ,能夠完成作文就好;

而如果考生想達(dá)到6 分,則需要有足夠的詞匯量(adequate range of vocabulary),并使用不常見詞匯(less common vocabulary) ;

7 分的要求更高,要求考生有豐富的詞匯量(sufficient range of vocabulary) ,在詞匯使用方面體現(xiàn)出靈活性(flexibility) 和準(zhǔn)確性(precision) ,在使用不常見詞匯的同時也能對語體(style) 和搭配(collocation) 有一定了解。

下面對以上評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中提到的關(guān)鍵詞做詳細(xì)解析,希望能幫考生明確備考方向。

1. 詞匯量(range of vocabulary)

對于詞匯量的要求,5 分的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中用的形容詞是limited ( 有限的)。什么樣的情況屬于詞匯量有限呢?舉例來說,如果要描述這樣一個事實:“越來越多的人購買了越來越多的車輛,造成了越來越嚴(yán)重的空氣污染?!焙芏嗫忌喟霑懗桑骸癕ore and more people are buying more and more cars, which causes more and more serious air pollution.”這個英語句子的意思表達(dá)得很清楚,可在詞匯上只能拿到5 分。因為在表示“越來越多”這個概念的時候,more and more這個詞組被重復(fù)了三遍,這表現(xiàn)了考生在詞匯儲備方面的匱乏。

如果考生想得到6 分及以上的分?jǐn)?shù),就要學(xué)會用a/an growing/increasing number of 、increasingly來替換more and more,即把本句改成:“Agrowing number of people are buying more and more cars,which causes increasingly serious air pollution. ”對于每個常見含義,筆者建議考生至少要掌握三種不同的英文表達(dá)方式。

此外,在作文中,考官也會看重考生對不同話題相關(guān)詞匯量的掌握情況,以此作為評分的一種依據(jù)。比如說,對于犯罪的話題,criminal ( 罪犯)這個詞是考生在寫作時必然會用上的。除了可以使用lawbreaker 、offender這樣的同義轉(zhuǎn)換詞外,如果考生在考試中能使用一些表示具體犯了某種罪的罪犯的名詞,例如thief ( 小偷)、juvenile delinquent(少年犯)以及serial killer (連環(huán)殺手),也是自身具有充足詞匯量的有力證明。

2.不常見詞匯(less common vocabulary)

什么是不常見詞匯?有很多考生認(rèn)為不常見詞匯就是大詞、難詞,于是費盡了心思去搜集。其實,所謂的不常見詞匯,是指那些考生在寫作文時往往用不到,但一看范文或官方樣文就認(rèn)識的詞。

如果考生觀察《劍橋雅思考試全真試題集(3~9) 》中所提供的官方樣文的話,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)樣文里幾乎沒有大詞、難詞。相反,官方樣文的用詞幾乎都是四、六級考查范圍內(nèi)的詞匯。比如,在上文中筆者曾經(jīng)提到,一旦說到“污染”這個詞,很多考生的第一反應(yīng)就是用pollution ,而contamination這個詞其實就是六級詞匯中要求考生掌握的詞,它完全可以替換pollution 。再比如,表示“破壞環(huán)境”這個含義時,大部分考生寫出的表達(dá)是damage environment,而“破壞”這個詞可以替換為六級詞匯中的deteriorate。所以,考生只要把大學(xué)四、六級考查的詞匯掌握好就行,不需要特意去尋找其他的詞匯資源。

3.詞匯運(yùn)用的靈活性(flexibility)

關(guān)于寫作詞匯運(yùn)用的靈活性,涉及以下兩個方面。

(1)利用同義詞或同義的概念替換詞以避免同一詞匯在文章中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。這里利用同義詞是指如果考生在作文中兩次提到了相同的概念,那么考生可以分別用兩個不同的詞來表示。例如,在作文中考生可以分別用important和significant來表示“重要的”以避免重復(fù)。而同義的概念替換詞是指兩個可能并非完全同義,但在一定情境下可以相互替換的詞匯。例如,activity ( 活動) 和competition ( 競爭) 的意思并不完全相同,但在談到關(guān)于“比賽”這個概念時,這兩個詞都是可以使用的。例如,一場籃球賽是一場競爭(competition),也是一種活動(activity) 。

(2)通過使用“詞性不同但詞義相同的詞匯”來避免重復(fù)。例如,在文章中要表達(dá)“日本的石油消耗量居全世界首位,而美國排第二”這個含義時,可以用“Japan consumes the largest amount of oil in the world, while consumption in the US ranks second place ”來體現(xiàn)詞匯使用的靈活性。其中,句中的consume和consumption 詞性不同,但詞義相同。

4.詞匯運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性(precision)

顧名思義,準(zhǔn)確性就是指單詞使用的準(zhǔn)確程度。在積累詞匯的過程中,考生會背很多同義或可表示相似意義的詞匯,但有些詞匯即使意思相近,在用法上也有很大的區(qū)別。例如,在前文提到了endorse這個詞的使用,如果不分場合地用它來代替agree,就會造成表達(dá)不當(dāng)。再如,描述一個人的眼睛大可以用big,雖然big非常常見,但big eyes 搭配起來沒有問題??墒侨绻胑normous (extremely large in size or amount) 來形容眼睛的大小,就不恰當(dāng)了。

所以,考生在平時記憶詞匯時要多注意區(qū)分詞匯使用的語境,從而確保詞匯使用的準(zhǔn)確性。

5. 詞匯,語體及搭配(style and collocation)

Style是指語體的風(fēng)格。雅思考試中的寫作測試是一個偏向于正式文體的語言測試,所以考生在行文的過程中不應(yīng)出現(xiàn)過于口語化的內(nèi)容,也不能用縮略語的形式。例如“I am gonna ... ”或“I’d like to ... ”這種表達(dá)都不應(yīng)在雅思寫作中出現(xiàn),而應(yīng)該用“I will …”或“I tend to … ”這樣的表達(dá)來替代。評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中要求的搭配(collocation)的英文定義是“the way in which some words are often used together, or a particular combination of words ”,這要求考生在寫作時要注意詞語的固定搭配。例如,表示“學(xué)習(xí)知識”應(yīng)該用acquire knowledge ,而不是learn knowledge;表示“犯罪”應(yīng)該用commit a crime,而不是do a crime。這需要考生在平時多看范文,注意多多積累固定搭配,以提高自己在雅思詞匯方面的得分。

解決雅思寫作詞匯積累和使用難題

事實上,考生在知道了詞匯評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求后,再遇到問題時就不難解決了。下面筆者就根據(jù)詞匯的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),給出解決本文開頭提到的三個問題的方法。

1. 積累豐富多樣化的雅思寫作詞語

為了避免在寫作時重復(fù)使用有限詞匯,考生在看范文時應(yīng)對范文中意義相似或相同的詞進(jìn)行積累和背誦。例如,在《劍橋雅思考試全真試題集6 》Test 2 的官方樣文中,表示某人觀點的時候,分別用了find 、feel 、think等詞匯表示“認(rèn)為”的含義,考生就可以將其歸納總結(jié),并在表達(dá)觀點時使用,以確保自己作文中的詞匯表達(dá)具有多樣性。

2. 模仿雅思寫作高分范文

為了避免背過的高級詞匯使用不上,建議考生在平時用仿寫范文的方法進(jìn)行練習(xí)。具體的方法是,首先看一遍范文,理解了范文意思后,自己用英文寫一遍,寫完后把自己寫的文章和范文進(jìn)行對照,查找異同,找出自己的用詞和范文的用詞有哪些不同之處,并總結(jié)范文中的地道詞匯,然后進(jìn)行記憶。例如,在《劍橋雅思考試全真試題集5 》Test 2 的官方樣文中,表示“學(xué)習(xí)”和“好工作”兩個概念時,樣文的用詞分別是academic study and research、reasonable career ,而絕大多數(shù)中國考生的用詞是study和good job 。碰到這種情況,考生就可以將官方樣文中的地道表達(dá)記住,下次用時就可以把good job 替換成reasonable career。同時,如果想表達(dá)的是大學(xué)及以上階段的學(xué)習(xí),也可以用academic study and research來替換study。

3. 勤查字典

對于如何才能準(zhǔn)確使用詞語的問題,筆者建議考生準(zhǔn)備幾本好的英文詞典,對于不確定其用法的詞匯,考生可以參照詞典中的英文定義及例句,多多體會,這樣就能在寫作時保證詞匯使用的精確性了。

雅思寫作Task2社會類考官范文

"Prevention is better than cure." Out of a country's health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Model Answer:

Of course it goes without saying that prevention is better than cure. That is why, in recent years, there has been a growing body of opinion in favour of putting more resources into health education and preventive measures. The argument is that ignorance of, for example, basic hygiene or the dangers of an unhealthy diet or lifestyle needs to be combatted by special nationwide publicity campaigns, as well as longer-term health education.

Obviously, there is a strong human argument for catching any medical condition as early as possible. There is also an economic argument for doing so. Statistics demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of treating a condition in the early stages, rather than delaying until more expensive and prolonged treatment is necessary. Then there are social or economic costs, perhaps in terms of loss of earnings for the family concerned or unemployed benefit paid by the state.

So far so good, but the difficulties start when we try to define what the 'proportion' of the budget should be, particularly if the funds will be 'diverted from treatment'. Decisions on exactly how much of the total health budget should be spent in this way are not a matter for the non-specialist, but should be made on the basis of an accepted health service model.

This is the point at which real problems occur - the formulation of the model. How do we accurately measure which health education campaigns are effective in both medical and financial terms? How do we agree about the medical efficacy of various screening programmes, for example, when the medical establishment itself does not agree? A very rigorous process of evaluation is called for, so that we can make informed decisions.

雅思寫作Task2社會類考官范文

Smokers can cause themselves serious health problems. The choice to smoke is made freely and with knowledge of dangers. Smokers should therefore expect to pay more for medical treatment than non-smokers.

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Model Answer:

Everyone has the choice of being a smoker or not. The people who choose to smoke do so knowing there is a risk of causing harmful damage to themselves. However, I do not entirely agree that these people should have to pay more to receive all the medical treatment they need.

I think there are many situations in which a medical problem has nothing to do with whether a person smokes or not. In these cases, where an illness has no relation to smoking, then I believe that smokers should not be required to pay more than other people for their medical treatment. Most car accidents, for example, have no connection with smoking, and the people who are injured ought to have the same medical help, regardless of the cost. And what about the common flu - it does not seem justifiable to me that a smoker should have to pay more to see a doctor for an illness we can all contract.

On the other hand, I agree that a smoker should pay more than a non-smoker for the necessary treatment of any condition which has been caused by smoking. The principle that people should take responsibility for their own actions is a good one. Consequently, if a person chooses to smoke knowing that this habit can cause serious health problems, then there is no reason why the community or an insurance company should have to pay for medical treatment for an illness which could have been avoided.

In many countries, cigarette packets have a clear warning that smoking can cause health problems and so no smoker can claim not to know the danger. Lung cancer is sometimes a fatal disease and the treatment is both lengthy and expensive, and it is unfair for the smoker to expect the hospital or the community to carry the cost. In fact, it could also be argued that those who smoke in public should be asked to pay extra because of the illness caused to passive smokers.

In conclusion, I feel that smokers should pay more in cases related to smoking, but for any other illness they should pay the same as anyone else.


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雅思寫作詞匯怎么提升

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