如何提升托福寫作框架結(jié)構(gòu)

托福寫作中，尤其是獨(dú)立寫作，我們都會先列出文章的提綱，給出一些寫作的基本框架。下面小編就和大家分享如何提升托福寫作框架結(jié)構(gòu)，希望能幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

托福寫作提升第一步 如何提升寫作框架結(jié)構(gòu)?

一.托福寫作框架

托福寫作的構(gòu)思主要是指規(guī)劃文章的整體框架結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是我們通常說的寫提綱。寫提綱是為了幫助考生確定并理清自己的思維，在寫中間段的時(shí)候有話可說，保證充實(shí)具體。由于考場上時(shí)間有限，考生必須在平時(shí)練就快速構(gòu)思的本領(lǐng)，那么在托福寫作中我們的思路應(yīng)該怎么走呢?

二.關(guān)于寫作框架的共性問題

發(fā)現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備寫作的過程中，學(xué)生的一個(gè)主要疑問就是覺得自己寫的文章不夠有特點(diǎn)，不夠有意思，不夠深奧。由此引發(fā)出的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象就是學(xué)生不敢寫自己立刻就想到的，最貼近生活的內(nèi)容，而總是想著如何創(chuàng)新。這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性不容忽視。因?yàn)檫@種兩難境地大到開遍布局，小到措辭舉例。無處不在。最嚴(yán)重的結(jié)果就是學(xué)生舉步維艱。

三.如何提升拓谷寫作框架結(jié)構(gòu)

為了解決這個(gè)問題我們不妨先來研究一下學(xué)生為什么會產(chǎn)生這種思維。很容易理解，大家都覺得眾所周知的內(nèi)容沒有意思，沒有新鮮感。即便是應(yīng)試作文，也確實(shí)如此。如果閱卷人讀完了全部文章，覺得其內(nèi)容絲毫沒有任何獨(dú)特之處，任何道理例子都是社會評價(jià)體系重復(fù)過無數(shù)次，或者自己已經(jīng)熟知的。那必然會覺得有些無聊。一旦他的這種心理被喚醒，很難說這種心理狀態(tài)不會影響到最后的分?jǐn)?shù)。因?yàn)槿藶榻o分機(jī)制多少都會有主觀因素。

于是最直接的想法就是，對這些內(nèi)容避而不談。轉(zhuǎn)而去尋求一些深奧、常人通常不懂的內(nèi)容。但這樣做有兩個(gè)問題。其一是這樣的內(nèi)容應(yīng)用到文章本身就很困難，要求寫作的人知識有積淀，內(nèi)涵有深度。這是短期培訓(xùn)班無法企及的目標(biāo)。其二是這樣的內(nèi)容，若處理不當(dāng)，讀起來是很讓人痛苦的。因?yàn)樽x者有可能真的不懂。

似乎這個(gè)問題到此無法圓滿的解決。但其實(shí)這是一個(gè)錯誤兩難。因?yàn)槌顺ＷR和深奧的知識，還有一類信息是我們可以用的。即，雖然很普通簡單，但是閱卷人并不知道的事情或道理。例如你自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，你的閱歷體驗(yàn)，你的價(jià)值觀念，你的喜好與厭惡等等。這些源自生活的感想和經(jīng)歷，說出來別人可以立刻明白，而且不會覺得枯燥無聊。因?yàn)樗麤]有這么活過。這和寫劇本或者寫小說是一樣的。其內(nèi)容本身并沒有什么晦澀難懂的，有意思的地方是，即便很平常，它也是你沒接觸過的生活與思維方式。這樣的電影也好，小說也好，文章也好，都能夠給人非常鮮活的、再活一次的體驗(yàn)。這樣的內(nèi)容給了讀者一次機(jī)會去以另外一個(gè)個(gè)體的視角來審視、理解、解釋世界。而這本身就像一次探險(xiǎn)。只要有未知，自然就會喚起人們的興趣。如果我們能充分利用這一點(diǎn)，寫出用意思又有特點(diǎn)的作文并不是一件難事。

托福寫作提升需要提升寫作框架結(jié)構(gòu)，但是不建議大家標(biāo)新立異去寫一些自己駕馭不了的內(nèi)容。托福寫作框架擬定要來源于生活，不與一些模板范文重復(fù)即可。希望大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)寫作的時(shí)候能夠注意這一點(diǎn)。

托福寫作模板：社會重要問題能否在有生之年解決

題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The most important problems affecting society will be solved during my lifetime.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

范文1：Argument 1 (for)

Although the problems facing the world today may seem surmountable, I think that some of the most important ones will be solved during my lifetime. Even now, experts are working on solutions to live healthier lives, to provide food for the growing world population, and to equalize the difference between advanced and developing nations.

Health issues are a major concern, and the key to solving them rests in understanding how the human body works. We now have unraveled the DNA sequence, which was one of the biggest hurdles to cross. Instead of mysterious interactions between chemicals and bodies that seem to produce different results every time, medicine is turning into a black-and-white technologywhere one factor has a certain response. As we decipher the genetic code, we get better at interpreting how our bodies will react. Within my lifetime, there will probably be a cure for cancerand a method for controlling plagues. There will no longer be victims suffering from degenerative diseases or even mental illnesses.

Another major problem is how to feed the growing world population. Solutions are on the horizonfor both factors involved. One issue is producing enough food, and efficient agricultural practices such as vertical farming and hydroponics are already increasing the food generated per acre. The other factor is to get the food to people who need it. In reality, thousands of pounds of perfectly acceptable food are disposed of daily. For example, restaurants and caterers discard unused meals, and farmers with bumper crops let food rot on the vine because it cannot be sold locally.Therefore, if better agricultural practices are coupled with better storage and transportation to get the food where it is needed, the problem of feeding the world’s population is solved.

Finally, another pressing concern is the giant rift between advanced nations and developing ones. Children in one area have their own bedrooms and smart phones while children in another area are lacking the necessities of a roof, sanitary water and food, and medical care. This rift can be closed if countries work together. Businesses can locate production facilities in poor regions that will benefit from the influx of jobs. If companies subsidize schools and hospitals, they can increase the educational levels and health of their employees, creating a more efficient work force. If governments do everything possible to facilitate such programs, developing nations will have a chance to compete in the modern world.

At first, solving health problems, ensuring for food distribution, and eliminating the gap between rich and poor countries may seem impossible goals. However, I think they will be addressed during my lifetime.

to equalize the difference between A and B 去平衡 A 和 B 之間的差距

a black-and-white technology 一種黑白分明的科技

a cure for cancer 一種治療癌癥的方法

on the horizon 即將來臨的,開始顯現(xiàn)

let food rot on the vine 讓食物在藤上腐爛

be coupled with X 與 X 結(jié)合

pressing concern 迫切的問題

the giant rift 巨大的裂痕

范文2：Argument 2 (against)

Technology is increasing at a rapid rate, making it appear as though all the world’s problems will be solved in the next fifty years. In reality, there is no way to resolve some of the most important issues facing us today. There will continue to be wars, climate change, and pressures of a growing world population well into the foreseeable future.

To Americans sitting in a comfortable home, war is an abstract, distant thing. However, it is a devastating and very real horror to families facing persecution and displacement. Children in Yemen need surgery to mend limbs destroyed by bombs. Bolivians look away as rebels knife a government official. Thousands of Syrians live in tents in a makeshift camp because they lost their homes. These tragedies will continue because there is no way to reconcile the moral and ethical differences between groups. It is human nature to reach for power, so even if the conflicts are reduced in one area, war will emerge in a different area as a greedy leader tries to expand his control.

Climate change is another seemingly irrelevant problem at first glance. It is easy to say that a few degrees of change over fifty or a hundred years is not much. However, climate change is an irreversible process that has already started and will just continue to get worse. There will be more habitat loss, extinctions of species, and drastic natural disasters. Human technology may be able to reduce the damage in some areas, but it cannot return the climate to its former conditions.

One last point is the pressures of an increasing world population. As the number of people on Earth continues to rise, more pressures are placed on the planet to support those people. Even with improvements in agriculture, there will not be enough food to feed everyone. More important, there will not be enough clean water for everyone to drink. With people packed close together, epidemics will spread more quickly. Even the common cold or flu could cause significant damage to the population in a crowded city. There is no magic cure for these problems, and a system of providing food, water, and medical care to everyone in the world is unrealistic.

Therefore, the major problems of war, climate change, and population growth will continue to exist, possibly for as long as human beings exist on Earth.

well into the foreseeable future 在可預(yù)見的未來

live in tents in a makeshift camp 住在臨時(shí)搭建的帳篷里

there is no way to reconcile the moral and ethical differences between groups 倫理差異是無法調(diào)和的

to reach for power 獲得權(quán)力

climate change is an irreversible process 氣候變化是一個(gè)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的過程

drastic natural disasters 極端自然災(zāi)害，特大自然災(zāi)害

With people packed close together, epidemics will spread more quickly 由于人們擠在一起，流行病轉(zhuǎn)播的更快

托福寫作模板：小學(xué)生學(xué)技術(shù)還是藝術(shù)

題目：An elementary school wants to increase the time on educating students technology (such as computers), which means that students will have less time for the study of music and art.

When it comes to spending the time on studying arts and music and the time on studying technology, which one do you think is better for elementary students?

范文1：Argument 1 (for)

I think it is important for elementary students to get a solid grounding in technology. Technology can help students learn to solve everyday problems, to interact with others, and to prepare for the working world.

First, technology is part of our everyday life, and becoming increasingly more so. If students do not know how to use computers, smart phones, and tablets, they cannot function adequately in this changing world. However, there is more to understanding technology than just typing in a question and reading the answer. Students must know how to escape from a frozen screen, remove and reset a jammed printer, and install new programs. Students who learn about technology gain the mental flexibility to solve basic problems like these. Instead of being stopped by a challenge, a technologically-aware student tries different ways to work around it. In other words, technology helps prepare a student to solve problems and face events that do not run exactly as planned.

Second, technology offers students a chance to interact with other students around the world. Through the internet, students in different countries can see each other and talk, or even collaborate on projects. This experience can bring other subjects such as geology to life because the students can talk with people their own age who are living in the place. Interaction can increase interest in skills such as learning a second language or increase awareness about history or art. Working with friends from around the world, the students gain a wider perspective and are less likely to succumb to prejudice and hatred based on race or nationality. Technology is the key to communication with others around the world.

Third, technology provides useful skills that are in demand by employers. Companies need employees who can manipulate data and operate machinery. Students who have these skills and are ready to work are more likely to be hired than students who do not. Therefore, elementary schools should help prepare students from an early age so that when they reach high school, they can operate spreadsheets, word processing programs, and specialized equipment. Students who go beyond the basics and learn to program, design, or assemble technological devices will be even more prepared to compete in the fast-paced working world.

It is essential for students to learn about technology so that they can capably solve problems, interact with others, and start preparing for the working world.

to get a solid grounding in technology 在技術(shù)方面打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)

become increasingly more so 變得越來越是如此

the mental flexibility 思維靈活性

a technologically-aware student 一個(gè)有技術(shù)意識的學(xué)生

gain a wider perspective 獲得更為廣闊的視角

succumb to 屈服于,屈從于

go beyond 超出,超越

范文2：Argument 2 (against)

Children need to have a well-rounded education that includes art and music. Art and music provide many skills that are foundational for further growth and development, physically, mentally, and emotionally, so they should be considered an essential part of any elementary school program.

Young children’s bodies are developing and changing very quickly. Arts can help children learn to use and control their bodies so that they can master more complex tasks in the future. For example, drawing, painting, and calligraphy require manual dexterity to control the pencil, brush, or pen. Children studying these things can learn to use their hands to complete precise tasks. Music offers another example of how children can learn to use their bodies: instruments such as flutes and woodwinds require careful control of breathing combined with fingering of keys. Arts are fun rather than repetitious, so these physical skills are acquired in an enjoyable way.

Arts can also help children improve their memory and concentration. Completing an artwork takes time, sometimes days or weeks, so children must concentrate to finish rather than justrushing on to a new activity . Scientific studies show that if you practice memorizing things such as the process of knitting or weaving, or the notes to perform a song, you can get better at memorization in the future. If children learn to focus on one project and memorize the steps needed to complete it, they will be better able to concentrate for long periods and complete difficult tasks in the future.

Finally, arts can help children develop emotionally. Arts do not have a “right” and “wrong” answer, so children can explore personal creativity. They can feel pride at accomplishing a project that is uniquely theirs. This self-esteem can give them confidence to try new activities without fear of “failing” because they made a mistake. Especially considering the pressures of the modern world, arts can be an essential outlet to try making something beautiful or fun. Arts provide a balance to the rigid programming of other elementary school classes such as math and spelling where it is essential to give the one correct answer.

Arts help children develop physically, mentally, and emotionally. Therefore, arts such as music, drawing, and painting are an essential part of elementary education.

a well-rounded education 全面的教育

manual dexterity 手部靈巧性

rush on to a new activity 匆忙地投入到一項(xiàng)新的活動

arts can help children develop emotionally 藝術(shù)可以幫助孩子發(fā)展情感

self-esteem 自尊

arts can be an essential outlet to try making something beautiful or fun 藝術(shù)可以成為創(chuàng)造美 好或有趣事物的重要途徑

provide a balance to X 為X提供了平衡

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