快速搞定GREIssue寫作
GRE寫作實(shí)戰(zhàn)中，大家普遍存在一個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是對(duì)寫作無(wú)感，一時(shí)半會(huì)大腦里面憋不出來(lái)東西，下面小編就和大家分享快速搞定GRE Issue寫作 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
快速搞定GRE Issue寫作
3個(gè)不糾結(jié)
第一，不能糾結(jié)辭藻的華麗，因?yàn)楣俜絺淇贾笇?dǎo)對(duì)于詞匯的要求只有“effective”。
這就意味著我們是來(lái)穿著運(yùn)動(dòng)服跑鞋沖刺的，而非穿著禮服來(lái)品酒的，所以要表達(dá)“幸災(zāi)樂(lè)禍”， 你不必非要用8秒想出來(lái)8秒鐘拼錯(cuò)schadenfreude，而最好用3秒鐘寫出來(lái)“l(fā)augh at others' bad luck”。
第二，不必糾結(jié)事例的真假，完全可以現(xiàn)編，因?yàn)楣俜絺淇贾笇?dǎo)規(guī)定hypothetical example是和real example可以一樣用的。
這也很人性化，畢竟有些練習(xí)題難度較大，像第36原題“It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.”，我們?nèi)绻y以想到Dr.dre通過(guò)認(rèn)同匪幫說(shuō)唱的社會(huì)群體來(lái)定義自己的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格這樣的真人真事，完全可以現(xiàn)編一個(gè)“小紅通過(guò)認(rèn)同瑜伽群體來(lái)定義內(nèi)心深處的靜靜”。
第三，不必糾結(jié)政治性對(duì)錯(cuò)，依然是備考指導(dǎo)的規(guī)矩“there is no right or wrong”。所以面對(duì)美國(guó)考官可以盡情批判特朗普付給艷星封口費(fèi)，完全不用顧慮考官的什么愛(ài)國(guó)主義偏見(jiàn)而導(dǎo)致分?jǐn)?shù)低。
考前的笨功夫
如何享受在考場(chǎng)上遇到一個(gè)思維熟練的練習(xí)題二話不說(shuō)直接提筆干倒的快感，答案無(wú)他，唯有準(zhǔn)備。
扔掉備考資料，因?yàn)轭}目是隨機(jī)抽選的，一個(gè)考場(chǎng)上每個(gè)人的題都是不一樣的，放下原版《資本論》《奧德賽》這種軟實(shí)力熏陶積淀，我們就聚焦官網(wǎng)上現(xiàn)成的練習(xí)題，149道，除去重復(fù)的部分，如果準(zhǔn)備好其中的五分之二(即60道左右)，不用全寫，每道有個(gè)清晰的思路即可，那么我們就不可能遇到陌生的題，從而免去了考場(chǎng)上現(xiàn)想帶來(lái)的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)。
畢竟，如果你v+q 330，但是寫作3分，是很尷尬的。再考一次，哪怕是考試時(shí)間都要占去4個(gè)小時(shí)。而上面提到的60來(lái)道GRE寫作題，每道題花5分鐘構(gòu)思一下思路，總共也就5個(gè)多小時(shí)。而這些思路也可以為今后美國(guó)寂寞的冷板凳學(xué)術(shù)生活準(zhǔn)備好足夠的聊天素材。
reason(劇本)寫得越細(xì)
example(電影)演得越快
文章中，對(duì)于一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，如果你的reason寫得很有力很具體，那么自然會(huì)省去很多現(xiàn)編example的時(shí)間。
前文說(shuō)過(guò)example可以現(xiàn)編故事，那么這個(gè)故事的劇本就是reason，順著這劇本填一些人物和事跡，一個(gè)example自然就搞定。
比如，觀點(diǎn)是：無(wú)聊是向偉大過(guò)渡的橋梁。如果你的理由可以細(xì)密到這個(gè)地步：“很多偉大的突破往往來(lái)自于人們無(wú)聊時(shí)候的遐想，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)有的方法已經(jīng)無(wú)法滿足他們的好奇心，他們不堪忍受這份無(wú)聊，所以才去另辟蹊徑，創(chuàng)造偉大。”那么這里的example就非常好編了，我們只需按照這個(gè)reason來(lái)套用“一個(gè)音樂(lè)家A，他厭倦了古典樂(lè)，所以才發(fā)明了爵士樂(lè) ”，直接搞定example。
再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，如果用一個(gè)詞來(lái)概括，Issue考得就是why或者why not，所以reason，作為文章的核心部分，必須有力且細(xì)密。
給自己制造方便
能不寫的就不寫，比如多重題干：
Claim: While boredom is often expressed with a sense of self-satisfaction, it should really be a source of embarrassment.
Reason: Boredom arises from a lack of imagination and self-motivation.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
既然寫作要求只讓我們討論對(duì)兩者同意與否，而沒(méi)讓我們討論二者之間的關(guān)系，那我們直接把claim and reason 當(dāng)成fact 1 and fact 2 ,不要自取其惱，糾結(jié)于“reason”能不能解釋“claim”。
fact 1 ：雖然伴隨著自我滿足，但是無(wú)聊導(dǎo)致尷尬。
fact 2：無(wú)聊來(lái)自想象力和激情的缺失。
先寫骨架，后長(zhǎng)肉
在考場(chǎng)上建議先把文章的核心骨架搭好，即正反方各自的position-reason-example, 如有時(shí)間剩余，再回頭長(zhǎng)肉，即擴(kuò)充細(xì)節(jié)。因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)把最重要的骨架搭好了，哪怕是血肉細(xì)節(jié)不那么豐滿，我們也把最重要的邏輯成分寫清楚了。
拿這道題來(lái)說(shuō)：
To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.
反：不應(yīng)該。史前社會(huì)沒(méi)有城市。部落文化。
正：應(yīng)該。城市代表著一個(gè)具體的功能，NYC-finance, 三番-technoly
正：應(yīng)該。城市之間的交互作用體現(xiàn)了社會(huì)的動(dòng)態(tài)。A tech company in San Fransisco goes to NYC to go public.
每一段的骨架其實(shí)都可以凝縮成三句話來(lái)說(shuō)，比如正方第二個(gè)觀點(diǎn)， 我們可以先快速地把它的骨架搭好：
Another important societal characteristics revealed by studying cities is the dynamics between different functions.The reason is that no city can function alone and only through the angle of the interdependent relationship with other cities can we fully understand how cities would compete or complement each other. For example, a tech company from Shenzhen would go to Hong Kong for IPO.
這個(gè)時(shí)候如果考場(chǎng)還有剩余時(shí)間，我們就可以很有底氣地回頭填充一些細(xì)節(jié)了：
Another important societal characteristics revealed by studying cities is the dynamics between different functions.The reason is that no city can function alone and only through the angle of the interdependent relationship with other cities can we fully understand how cities would compete or complement each other. Also from this angle, we can trace the root cause of the evolution of certain parts of society and predict whether they would fade in the future. For example, a tech company from Shenzhen would go to Hong Kong for IPO…..
GRE issue寫作優(yōu)秀實(shí)例：新創(chuàng)意
題目：
Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals.When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.
真正有創(chuàng)意的想法并非來(lái)自于群體而是來(lái)自于個(gè)人。當(dāng)群體試圖創(chuàng)新的時(shí)候，它的成員之間會(huì)被迫相互妥協(xié)，結(jié)果就是新想法趨于弱化而更接近于傳統(tǒng)。大部分新想法都是來(lái)自于獨(dú)立工作的個(gè)人。
正文：
I agree with the speaker on that truly innovative ideas arise from individuals.Nevertheless, it is unfair to claim unilaterally that the groups tend to weaken creative ideas without thinking of their positive effects on the ideas; it is equally important for groups to examine, modify, or even reject the ideas.
First of all, truly innovative ideas are destined to arise from individuals in that inter-personal thinking process is so far impossible. This is to say, when we sit still and have a cluster of phenomena, theories, statistics and so forth of a certain issue in our mind, we are thinking it over yet with no assistance at all. After all it is impossible for one to intrude into other's mind. Following this principle, innovative ideas spark off during the process of meditation, and they are the produced by one's own effort. It is equally possible, however, for people to be inspired by each other, yet this is by no means assistance in thinking. Clues, hints, inspirations are to remind people of things ignored or taken for granted, but have nothing to do with the process of thinking, that is, to sort out the whole vision and draw conclusion. In one word, innovative ideas arise from meditation, which is solely limited within one body, one brain. Therefore innovative ideas are always the product of individual's work.
Nevertheless, it does not suggest that innovative ideas then have nothing to do with group work, and actually it is just the opposite. When a novel thought is brought up, it is of great importance to fully evaluate its validity, feasibility, and consequences if carried out. This point need no further illustration if we think of a father who resolutely stops his 6-year-old son from playing matches. The kid might have intended to try something new, driven by an innovative idea, yet the whole house might have caught fire also since the boy is incapable of dealing with accidents. This is the same case in academic fields. In a chemistry lab for example, a novel route design of synthesizing a new compound is never carried out without further evaluation. Practical conditions such as equipments, reagents, and economic efficiency, namely yield per cost, are always taken into consideration and sometimes restrict the application of those ideas.
This is to say, innovation is usually good but not always practicable. This claim is fully demonstrated in the political field. Governors of all levels must take holistic views of the situation and make balanced decision in order to avoid mistakes; innovative ideas alone cannot justify their practicability and goodwill to others. For instance, when we look back, the development of plastic industry has resulted in great loss in the global ecosystem. Thus we see the disastrous consequences of carrying out such innovative yet premature ideas.
Hence, it is necessary for the groups to assess, remedy, and conclude the value and use of innovative ideas. All innovative ideas should be brought to discussions. With the clash of skeptical attitude of others to the advocating behavior of the thinker, fallacies made in a haste can be easily found and eliminated, which rectifies, sometimes supplements the idea. I don't agree with the speaker on his/her judgment of group work as compromising, weakening and conventionalizing innovation. Group work promotes those justified and useful innovative ideas and rejects those invalid, sometimes dangerous ones, as we see the case between father and son, in a chemistry lab, in all nations around the world. Only after the group censorship can the innovative ideas be carried out and benefit people, and this is the time when its innovativeness is fully appreciated.
In conclusion, I concede that most original ideas arise from individuals, yet I believe the group effort on these ideas should never be downplayed. It is the group that judge,reject or develop these ideas; this process is equally important with the innovative thinking.
GRE issue寫作優(yōu)秀實(shí)例：政治領(lǐng)袖
題目：
Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise.
不同于偉大的思想家和藝術(shù)家，最杰出的政治領(lǐng)袖通常都必須為了妥協(xié)而屈從于大眾的意見(jiàn)并且放棄原則。
正文：
With the respect of history, today’s democratic structure of politic roots deeply in ancient Greek philosophers’ advocation for the respect of public and individual beings,their admiration of the egalitarian, and the eagerness for justice as well as the electoral system specially devised to surpvise those in power. The Renaissance taking place in Europe and the democratic Revolution booted up by Napoleon in France both have produced great thinkers who demand the restriction of the politicians’ power and authority, labeling the end of an era in which politicians could lay their hands on almost every objects of demand. Driven by this trend, the contemporary politicians ostensibly deprived of certain freedom enjoyed by most artists and scientists could no longer behave in the way they would like to. These people, taking the responsibility of the democratic government, are restrained from several aspects. These restriction mainly comes from the public’s desire and different groups’ attitudes.
Although being neglected sometimes, the artists and the scientists still adhere to their own responsibilities, appear undisturbed and display astonishing indifference to the public. Such right is deserved as to artists and scientists, since their insightful thoughts and complicated feeling about life far go beyond what normal people may achieve.Frustrated and deterred by these maestros, publics turn to the other extreme―ignoring these great thinkers and even cursing them as heretics that destroy the current harmony. Again, scientists and artists enjoy the freedom to obliterate the influence laid on them by the mundane world since their interests are just focused on the exploration of the purity of the truth and reciprocating the perfect memory of the past or wonderful visions about future, rather than caring for the public’s benefits.
During such process, they just jump out of the world and objectively describe it, any scorns or restrictions are treated as part of the object they are proceeding, and this is just the hits of their successes. Sometimes, certain behavior that even force the community members away from communicating with these elites are taken as pride in that artists and scientists could employ their free time to continue their interest.
On the other hand, never would the politician own such comparatively broad freedom. As for a politician, the key to success in politics is to gain and maintain political power.Such power comes from certain identification of the public morality with the politician’s private one and the balance of different groups’ benefits and demands. Consequently,the politician’s attitudes, behavior and even the life style are tightly restricted for fear that any diversion from public’s taste may conduce to losing authority which is a real tragedy for a politician. To be an effective political leader excludes the opportunity that a politician may taste the freedom of the same merits as that enjoyed by artists and scientists, the freedom characterd by consciously seperating oneself from commentary and neglecting the demands made by majority. The successful leadership could be achieved by submerging oneself into the public and being sufficiently prepared for sacrificing some freedom for the majority’s benefits.
It is always funny to imagine what will happen to a special politician who could share a scientist or an artist’s freedom. When this politician is bored at the legitimate meeting that is being broadcast by media agencies, he escape to have a chess with his child.Subsequently, critics begin to accumulate the dissatisfaction of the public to attack this leader’s lacking responsibility of the public affairs. Moreover, he may again utilize the freedom to isolate himself from the public pressure by flying out to have a summer holiday. Then, only one thing can be assured, our special politician is deprived of the right to initiate his power which is a symbol of the end of his political life.
The development of technology and recognition of our society require both politicians and insightful thinkers. However, the democratic system of our contemporary world fixes two distinct sets of freedom that could enjoyed by them. While we agree that artists and scientists enjoy the comparatively broad one, we can not expect the political leaders to have opportunity to taste it.
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