備戰(zhàn)gre寫作如何使用資料
眾所周知，作文準(zhǔn)備材料是gre寫作準(zhǔn)備中最有價(jià)值的復(fù)習(xí)材料之一。今天小編就和大家分享備戰(zhàn)gre寫作如何使用資料,希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
備戰(zhàn)gre寫作如何使用資料
1. 對(duì)于時(shí)間充裕的同學(xué)
備考資料中的高頻是出現(xiàn)頻率高的作文,沒有人能保證考時(shí)一定遇到高頻題. 如果還有不少時(shí)間,建議不要放棄任何一道題, 很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明了，很多考生都有可能遇到有史以來第一次考到的ISSUE和ARGU題, 所以什么事情都是有可能發(fā)生的(就好象指出ARGU里的邏輯錯(cuò)誤一樣)
2. 對(duì)于時(shí)間不那么充裕的同學(xué)
如何利用gre寫作備考資料準(zhǔn)備ISSUE。建議準(zhǔn)備出現(xiàn)頻率最高的40道ISSUE,注意這里指的頻率指的是近兩年的總頻率,不分時(shí)間地域,同時(shí)加上本月本地出現(xiàn)3次以上的ISSUE題(大部分已經(jīng)包括在前40道里,因此需要另外準(zhǔn)備的不多).
拿我個(gè)人來說,我在北京考,考前準(zhǔn)備了總頻超過30次的38道ISSUE(3.8備考資料的數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)在可能有更新)+5至6道北京3月出現(xiàn)3次以上同時(shí)未包括在這38道中的題,考試時(shí)遇到的兩道 177,141分別出現(xiàn)39,38次,均為高頻。
就我考前從各種渠道了解的信息，絕大部分人考時(shí)遇到一道頻數(shù)大于30的可能性是相當(dāng)大的。(也許有人會(huì)說很多人并沒有來報(bào)備考資料，我的數(shù)據(jù)不一定可靠。這個(gè)就見仁見智了，我只是表達(dá)個(gè)人的建議，采納與否，全是個(gè)人的自由.但無疑當(dāng)考前時(shí)間不夠時(shí),準(zhǔn)備出現(xiàn)機(jī)率較大的題目顯然是特殊情況下的最佳選擇了)
如何利用gre作文備考資料準(zhǔn)備ARGU。重要的是多熟悉題目,時(shí)間充裕的應(yīng)該做到任何一道題都沒有不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞,不理解的語句,這樣找錯(cuò)才能有的放矢.
時(shí)間不夠的,至少把考過10次以上的題目(約90多道) 加上本月本地出現(xiàn)過但未列入上述90多道的題目全過一遍,弄懂每一個(gè)單詞.這很重要,否則考場(chǎng)上碰到關(guān)鍵單詞不認(rèn)識(shí),加上緊張,可就傻眼了.拿我來說,考時(shí)遇到的是10幾頻的題,幸好考前晚上剛過了一遍,否則文中有兩個(gè)單詞都不認(rèn)識(shí),顯然會(huì)很不爽.
GRE寫作提綱舉例的指導(dǎo)
40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
分同意
1、在科學(xué)研究結(jié)束以前，研究成果對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)是不確定的，所以不需要太關(guān)心
The discovery of electricity is a case in point. When the scientist first found the phenomena of electricity, some reporters asked him to predict the potential use of it. The scientist replied like this: could you predict the contribution of a man when he was just a baby? As time passes, electricity becomes one of the fundamental factors in people's everyday life in modern world.
2、許多科學(xué)家憑自己的興趣研究，最后成果仍然對(duì)社會(huì)有益
興趣激發(fā)的研究更有動(dòng)力，且容易成功
Einstein Albert who simply put his effort in the theoretical physics eventually promoted the advances in natural science. Watt James who just interested in the mechanism of the steam engine eventually propelled the Industrial Revolution in the eighteen century.
3、當(dāng)然科學(xué)家也要考慮到研究對(duì)社會(huì)可能的影響
納稅人的錢;對(duì)社會(huì)有危害的研究
And their research should not cause serious problems in society. Clone of Human is an example. Although some scientists have strong interests in cloning human beings, they should not do that, because such research will cause many problems in ethics and morality.
學(xué)者和研究人員不應(yīng)該關(guān)注他們的工做是否對(duì)社會(huì)有所貢獻(xiàn); 他們追求自己個(gè)人的興趣更為重要，無論那些興趣看起來是多么不尋?；蛘叨嗝刺厥?。
Précis & Syllabus:
許多人認(rèn)為科學(xué)和研究應(yīng)當(dāng)為整個(gè)社會(huì)服務(wù)，并根據(jù)這個(gè)原因得出研究者和學(xué)者都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡可能的從事相對(duì)來說更有利于社會(huì)的研究。盡管這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)表面上看似乎正確，但是爭論卻因?yàn)閷?duì)于 contribute的這個(gè)詞的不同看法而引起了，因?yàn)樵谌祟惿鐣?huì)中并沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用來衡量什么學(xué)科要比另一些學(xué)科 contributes more to the human society. 因此，讓科學(xué)家們根據(jù)自己的興趣進(jìn)行研究最最好的解決上述問題的方法。
Many people argue that scholars and researchers should make their contribution to the issues that may contribute most to the human society rather than to select the resear ch fields by their own interest. This statement seems rati onal at first glance; however, an precarious situation has been appeared from the different identifications of the term "contributio n" because different people have different comprehension toward the standards of this term. In order to preclude the confusions of the above argument, many people states that providin g the scholars and researchers with the opportunity to select their research fields should benefit the evolution of human world in the long run.
1、 首先，不可否認(rèn)，確實(shí)有一些學(xué)科能夠?qū)Ξ?dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)發(fā)展起顯著的推動(dòng)作用。甚至一些學(xué)科就是為了解決社會(huì)問題而出現(xiàn)的，這些學(xué)科能夠在短期內(nèi)讓整個(gè)社會(huì)受益，因此許多的政府和國際機(jī)構(gòu)都投入了足夠的資源和政策幫助科學(xué)家們從事這類的科學(xué)研究。比如，許多科學(xué)家們正在研究解決大氣污染問題的方法，為了盡可能的減少大氣污染對(duì)于人類生活的影響但在一段很長的時(shí)間里，判斷什么樣的研究最有利于社會(huì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展幾乎不可能。
2、 正如經(jīng)常被提到的，科學(xué)研究的主要目的是幫助人類認(rèn)識(shí)他們所未知的事物，從這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，幾乎所有的研究都是有利于社會(huì)的人們認(rèn)識(shí)世界并能夠幫助人們利用探索得到的知識(shí)改造世界的。比如，當(dāng)年伽利略的自由落體定律，似乎并沒有解決當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的任何問題，但是卻成為后人發(fā)展物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)并對(duì)人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要的作用。
3、 對(duì)于許多的科學(xué)家們來說，興趣可能是他們選擇研究課題的重要因素。首先，個(gè)人興趣能夠讓科學(xué)家們更熱衷于所從事的研究，相比之下，如果他們被迫選擇一些他們并不感興趣的 fields 研究不光會(huì)在短期內(nèi)耗盡他們的積極性，而且還會(huì)很容易造成研究中的失誤和疏忽。其次，科學(xué)家們很據(jù)自己興趣選擇研究領(lǐng)域能夠讓富有創(chuàng)新性和遠(yuǎn)見的科學(xué)家從事有利于人類社會(huì)長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的課題，并能夠保持社會(huì)長期穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。相反，如果讓所有的科學(xué)家從事幾個(gè)有限數(shù)量的學(xué)科，雖然可能很快的解決社會(huì)問題，但是對(duì)未來的發(fā)展是有不利影響的。
總之，任何科學(xué)家和學(xué)者都有選擇喜歡研究的領(lǐng)域的權(quán)力，就像任何人都有選擇穿自己喜歡衣服的權(quán)力一樣。所有的科學(xué)研究從長遠(yuǎn)看都是有用的，不光包括那些新興的用于解決短期社會(huì)問題的學(xué)科，同樣也包含unusual or idiosyncratic fields of research.
管科學(xué)家興趣
一、確實(shí)不該限制，列舉理由，但需要引導(dǎo)
二、科學(xué)是智慧的結(jié)晶 Science is the result of intellect, which acts best when left unfettered.
1.人的nature是追求自由，若限制自由，在 physically, spiritedly confined,less creative
2. 研究是個(gè)艱難的過程
3.科學(xué)家討厭被干涉
4.the advance of knowledge would be fastest,如果不是受 unitary conception決定的話
5..
三、我們通常不知道結(jié)果 one of the characteristics of research involves uncertainty that renders the results unforeseeable.
1.我們認(rèn)為 contributable 的不見得，但科學(xué)家的卻可能 greatness
2. Cold War，科學(xué)家被強(qiáng)制研究武器
四、限于當(dāng)代人水平，可能不能被認(rèn)同 history informs us that a lot of greatness, beyond people’s ken, cannot be recognized by its contemporary society, stemming from limitation of traditions and conventional wisdom.
1.Mendel， Keynes
五、但是需要被引導(dǎo) we have to assign priority to the most profitable research on the basis of the scant resources
1.為了利用我們不具備的知識(shí)，Talents should be guided, but not by what people think they ought to do, but by the value others attach on the results which scientists aim
2. 諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)就是個(gè)好例子，沒有 regulate interest，但guide, social needs
40T "Scholars and researchers should not be concer ned with whether their wo rk makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."
待學(xué)者和研究人員的評(píng)價(jià)不應(yīng)該取決于他們的工作是否對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)有所貢獻(xiàn)。而應(yīng)該是看他們?cè)鯓訛榱俗约旱呐d趣而奮斗，不管他們的興趣看起來是多么不尋常或者多么特殊
① 從現(xiàn)實(shí)來看，能夠立馬 apply to reality 的學(xué)科確實(shí)能得到更多的資助。如：法學(xué)、商學(xué)
② 但從長期來看，誰能說清楚什么是有貢獻(xiàn)的?Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide; nor can regulators and legislators. 現(xiàn)在看起來沒什么用將來可能有大用處。如：Einstein 發(fā)展了 the principle relativity, the quantum theory, 當(dāng)時(shí)沒用，現(xiàn)在奠定了當(dāng)代物理學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。以及發(fā)端自數(shù)學(xué)的 game theory
③ 在自己感興趣的領(lǐng)域做事，科學(xué)家們更容易出成果。By human nature we are motivated to pursue those activities in which we excel. A enthusiasm B excel
Not for Edison’s sustained work, we wouldn’t have benefited so much from his marvelous inventions
GRE寫作六大類素材整理.
1)教育類
1. For instance, applicants with Computer Science degrees would not only be qualified for jobs in high-tech companies, they would also be well prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite.
2. A good education is supposed to include everything from languages to mathematics to science, etc.
3. A well-rounded education leads to well-balanced people, which in turn leads to a tolerant, knowledgeable society.
4. There are a great many children thinking the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment. (注意there be句型后的名詞再加動(dòng)詞不能用原形。)
2) 人的性格
1. If you weep for the missing sunset, you would miss all the shining stars.
3) 成功&事業(yè)
1. Jackie Chan once told that when he was still a teenager, he and his partners were required to practice more than 12 hours a day; and it was said Jet Li was sent to be an apprentice when he was hardly four years old.
2. Bill Gates, as we know, dropping out from university when he found the possibility of earning money in a new massive market - personal computer market. As a result, he succeeded.
3. Steven Jobs found Apple company when he was young, and when his business reached the peak, he was fired by directors of board. However he never lost hope and didn't give up. Jobs set up a new company named Pixar and made several famous animation movies. Finally when Pixar was bought by Apple, Jobs returned to Apple.
4) 公共事業(yè)
Increase employment opportunity create more jobs
5) 藝術(shù)類
1. Confucius, greatest Chinese philosopher, commented, “Art helps a person gets a better life.
6) 萬能例子
"If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas." - George Bernard Shaw.
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★ 英語寫作
