托福寫作使用不同詞匯豐富文章內(nèi)容
托福寫作改寫技巧分享 ,使用不同詞匯豐富文章內(nèi)容，今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈懽鞲膶懠记煞窒?，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
托福寫作改寫技巧分享 使用不同詞匯豐富文章內(nèi)容
托福寫作改寫技巧：使用不同詞匯
a.使用同義詞，比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞，你一定要掌握，出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。
important→essential, crucial, vital, significant
think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure
out
nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days
b.改變詞性，這是一種稍微難一些的方法，要求你的語法基礎(chǔ)非常好，你才能靈活自如的運(yùn)用。
n. → v.
Eg：When we look at a comparison
between A and B…
When we compare A and B…
Adj. → n.
There are a variety of solutions
to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當(dāng)中的使用相當(dāng)頻繁，不僅是段落和段落的連接，還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會有極大的作用。
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless
, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
d.形容詞的逆向表達(dá)。在某些形容詞上進(jìn)行修改，會達(dá)到非比尋常的效果。
Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
Not uncommon→common
The cheapest → the least expensive
托福獨(dú)立寫作“無話可說”怎么辦
當(dāng)我們開始準(zhǔn)備托福獨(dú)立寫作的時候，很多考生會面臨著一個問題，就是“無話可說”，特別是如果遇到一個自己不熟悉的題目，加之時間又緊，頭腦就一片空白了，想到的也只是空泛的東西。在這種情況下，即使是中文也難以寫好，更談何用英語去表達(dá)呢。
對此辦法就是要善于聯(lián)想到一些具體的事實(shí)、具體的例證以及具體的現(xiàn)象。那么問題來了，具體的事實(shí)、具體的例證以及具體的現(xiàn)象到底有哪些呢?考生們的內(nèi)心是崩潰的，人生過于平淡，閱歷太少，書到用時方恨少，那么考生們該如何來準(zhǔn)備這些具體的例子呢?
我們就拿《北極星》教材為例，來給大家分析一下如何從平常的閱讀中積累托福寫作素材～
寫作真題
2008.8.3/2007.6.9 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In twenty years’ time, people will lead a more leisurely life.
寫作思路
Main point: Disagree
Sub point1:工作壓力比現(xiàn)在更大。
Sub point2:環(huán)境問題更為嚴(yán)重。
Sub point3:任何事物更新?lián)Q代的速度更快，意味著20年之后我們需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，更加努力的去適應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展，不被時代所淘汰，所以不是更休閑了，而是更累了。
話題相關(guān)內(nèi)容
第三版北極星4 Unit5 ----Longevity: Too Much of a Good Thing?
相關(guān)文章
A doubled lifespan
If scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of infirmities, would you take it?
If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring, the answer might seem like a no-brainer : People could spend more quality time with loved ones; watch future generations grow up; learn new languages; master new musical instruments; try different careers or travel the world.
……
The workplace
For most people, living longer will inevitably mean more time spent working. Careers will necessarily become longer, and the retirement age will have to be pushed back, not only so individuals can support themselves, but to avoid overtaxing a nation’s social security system.
…
But such changes would carry their own set of dangers, critics say. Competition for jobs would become fiercer as “mid-life re-trainees” beginning new careers vie with young workers for a limited number of entry-level positions. Especially worrisome is the problem of workplace mobility, Callahan said. “If you have people staying in their jobs for 100 years, that is going to make it really tough for young people to move in and get ahead,” Callahan explained.
講解如何運(yùn)用
同學(xué)們注意，以上內(nèi)容給了我們非常好的素材(尤其是標(biāo)綠部分)。當(dāng)我們要證明sub point1. 工作壓力比現(xiàn)在更大。你能想到用什么方法來有效的論證呢?Maybe你會說以后大家都是高學(xué)歷者(well-educated)，那么工作的競爭壓力自然會更大。這個理由大部分同學(xué)都能想得到，那么怎么讓你的素材比較novel? 趕緊學(xué)學(xué)以上段落吧!!!
20年后我們會變得更加長壽，這就意味著我們的退休年齡push back了，在這種年輕人不斷進(jìn)入職場，而年長者延遲退休的情況下，是不是競爭壓力要更大了呢?同時篇章中許多expressions是我們都可以學(xué)習(xí)的，eg. mid-life re-trainees人到中年再就業(yè)者;a limited number of entry-level positions有限的招聘崗位;
寫作真題
2015.10.11 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is a waste of money for government to fund space travel and exploration.
寫作思路
Main point: Disagree
Sub point1: 目前地球存在的問題：環(huán)境污染越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，能源日益減少，人口激增等。所以我們有必要去探索宇宙，找到新的居住地，發(fā)現(xiàn)新能源。
Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一項(xiàng)投資，不能說是a waste of money.
Sub point3: 誠然當(dāng)今社會還有很多沒有解決的問題需要政府來處理。這些問題可能比宇宙探索、旅行迫切多了，但是這并不意味著政府做這件事情就是浪費(fèi)錢。因?yàn)槿绻蛔鼍蜎]有人有這個能力了。
話題相關(guān)內(nèi)容
第四版北極星3 Unit3----Exploring the Red Planet
相關(guān)文章
MARS: OUR NEW HOME?
If you think you’d like to live on Mars, you may have that possibility by 2023. A Dutch company called Mars One will soon advertise for people interested in colonizing Mars. If you have all the necessary skills—and there are a lot—you could be one of the first colonists to Mars. Are you ready for the challenge?
…
As a future colonist in one of the six teams, you will go through years of training. If your team is the first team to travel to Mars, your main responsibility when you get there will be to build a place where humans can live. The atmosphere on Mars does not have enough oxygen for humans, and the land is not good enough to grow food. Colonists will have to create an artificial environment on Mars where there is air to breathe and land to farm. Scientists know Earth-like conditions can be simulated on Mars because something similar has already been done in Antarctica, where humans cannot survive outside the created environment.(對火星環(huán)境的具體描述&科學(xué)家們?nèi)绾螌⑵涓脑斓倪m合人類居住。)
Humans may have another problem in space as well. It takes nearly a year to get to Mars, so travelers would be without the Earth’s gravity for a long time. In addition, Mars One astronauts will not return to Earth. Their mission is to start a colony that can support itself. So, the colonists will live the rest of their lives there. When a human lives in an environment without gravity or with low gravity for a long time, the systems in the body weaken. For example, muscles and bones lose strength. The heart also gets weaker. The blood in the body gets thicker, and it becomes more difficult for the heart to push blood through the body. Luckily, spinning the spaceship can create artificial gravity, and artificial gravity can ease these problems.(針對情況：我們的身體可能會遇到挑戰(zhàn)，例如失重。)
It also will be difficult for Mars colonists to be isolated, far from home, living in small spaces, and seeing the same people over and over. It is important to come up with solutions to possible problems before anyone actually goes on a Mars mission. Colonists with depression could put the mission in danger. Fortunately, a few years ago, a joint Russian and European project called the Mars500 Mission took place. It studied people’s reactions to long-term space travel by following six astronauts in a Mars-like environment. The astronauts spent 520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (針對情況：在太空中我們的心理可能會遇到什么挑戰(zhàn)，會不會出現(xiàn)心理疾病呢…)
講解如何運(yùn)用
關(guān)于這個話題，同學(xué)們腦海中應(yīng)該會浮現(xiàn)中一幅幅宇宙探索的畫面，例如近期的《火星救援》(The Martian)相信大家在這個話題上比較能達(dá)成共識，那就是政府花錢探索宇宙并非浪費(fèi)錢的一種行為。
但是如何解釋清楚呢?思路已經(jīng)給大家了。現(xiàn)在我們回到[Sub point2: Space exploration是非常practical的一項(xiàng)投資，不能說是a waste of money.]
同學(xué)們想一下，當(dāng)我們要證明宇宙探索的實(shí)效性、是有前景的，是不是應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)給考官一個畫面：在探索宇宙的過程中政府正在克服一個個unavoidable 困難，政府正在為尋找下一個家園而努力著，所以怎么能叫浪費(fèi)錢呢?!
想清楚這點(diǎn)之后，不夠哦!接下來怎么寫呢?探索宇宙過程中具體會遇到什么難題呢?又是如何去解決的呢?英文要怎么表述啊?感覺好多專業(yè)術(shù)語不會講，怎么辦? !!!
同學(xué)們，那么請再仔細(xì)看看以上篇章中標(biāo)綠的部分，是不是心中豁然開朗了呢，這篇文章簡直就是為托福寫作量身定做的!
520 days in this environment and only had contact with their bosses and their families. The six astronauts “returned” to the Earth in good physical condition—and still talking to each other. Scientists viewed the Mars500 Mission as a great success because they were able to see how the astronauts handle emotional and physical stresses. Surprisingly, the greatest emotional problem was boredom. The greatest physical problems were not getting enough sleep and gaining too much weight. (針對情況：在太空中我們的心理可能會遇到什么挑戰(zhàn)，會不會出現(xiàn)心理疾病呢…)
寫作真題
2015.10.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
In the past people were more friendly than they are today.
寫作思路
Main point: Agree
Sub point1: 現(xiàn)在人生活節(jié)奏快，每天都非常忙碌，沒什么時間關(guān)注他人，自然不如以前的人friendly。
Sub point2:當(dāng)今社會詐騙行為很多，加上媒體的曝光，人們的防范心理很強(qiáng)，對陌生人極其警惕;而以前人們對陌生人是比較友善的。
Sub point3:當(dāng)然不能否認(rèn)當(dāng)今社會中依然有很多friendly 的行為舉措，很多人也極其warm-hearted.但是整體來說是以前的人比較friendly。其中有個比較重要的因素是現(xiàn)代人相對selfish,尤其在中國 One-Child Policy的影響下,獨(dú)身子女相對會比較自私。
話題相關(guān)內(nèi)容
第四版北極星3 Unit2----The Consequences of Fraud
相關(guān)文章
(如下篇章內(nèi)容圍繞思路中的sub point2展開)
同學(xué)們，你們現(xiàn)在看到的就是北極星3 Unit2----The Consequences of Fraud的引入部分。其實(shí)在這個版塊我們就可以學(xué)到很多單詞： medical fraud(醫(yī)療詐騙), Internet fraud(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐)，Identity theft(身份盜竊)……這些表達(dá)在你的作文中都可以用到哦～接下來具體看一個篇章~
TYPES OF FRAUD
(注意：本文通篇可用，就不標(biāo)注重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容)
Fraud has been increasing around the world because of computer technology. One example is the Nigerian Bank Fraud. People are contacted by email and asked to help transfer money from Nigeria or other African countries by allowing the money to be placed temporarily in their bank accounts. The real motive is not to transfer money but to obtain personal banking information.(本段結(jié)合具體實(shí)例來說明當(dāng)今世界，計算機(jī)的廣泛使用、網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及讓Fraud影響更大?？勺鳛閟ub point2的素材。)
Another type of computer fraud is known as “phishing,” or trying to obtain financial information by impersonating a bank employee. When this kind of fraud takes place, you receive email messages from someone pretending to represent your bank. You are then asked to provide your account number or other identifying information. This kind of deception seems so real that many people respond to it and give away their financial and personal information.(本段提到的網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺詐，大家是否很熟悉呢?里邊的表達(dá)phishing, impersonate, deception這些好用的詞匯學(xué)到手了嗎?)
The telephone is also used by con men and women who try to impress people with amazing prizes and offers. Sometimes they will call and ask for your banking information so that they can put prize money into your account. If you do not trust a person contacting you by phone, ask for his or her name, business phone number, and company address. You can then contact the company yourself to learn whether or not you have reason to be suspicious.(電話詐騙有碰到過嗎?在我們的日常生活中是不是很常見?這是不是讓你不再那么相信陌生人了呢?“騙子”這個詞可以用con men and women來表達(dá)，了解嗎?所以本段內(nèi)容也可以作為素材。)
Modern communications technology has made it easier for people to trick you with fake deals and requests for information. When you go online, you find many websites offering products and services such as medical treatment and legal advice. How can you know if something is real? Fortunately, there are many organizations that can help you make sure that companies and individuals are treating you with honesty. If you believe that you are involved in a case of fraud, be sure to report it and ask for help.
講解如何運(yùn)用
同學(xué)們，相信大家看完全文會發(fā)現(xiàn)基本整個篇章拿過來全是supporting materials.其實(shí)對于sub point2欺詐行為這點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們根據(jù)個人的經(jīng)歷以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報紙上的新聞都可以想到具體的例子，關(guān)鍵的是不知道怎么表達(dá)，所以上文對于填補(bǔ)大家表達(dá)上空缺是非常有效的。
寫作真題
2015.11.15 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities
寫作思路
Main point: Disagree
Sub point1: Money越多在一定程度上意味著能幫助越多的人，而當(dāng)今社會還有很多人溫飽問題都解決不了，所以應(yīng)該出更多的錢給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)?？梢杂肂ill Gates的例子。
Sub point2:對自身也有好處，自己在幫助他人的過程中可以更好的認(rèn)識自己，變得更加快樂，更加自信，更加知道生命的意義。
Sub point3:可以讓這個世界更加美好。許多問題的出現(xiàn)都是因?yàn)樨毟徊罹噙^大導(dǎo)致的，如果富了之后會拿更多的錢出來幫助他人，那么這個世界必將更加美好。
話題相關(guān)內(nèi)容
第三版北極星4 -Unit6----Give and Learn
相關(guān)文章
This 1979 Nobel Peace Prize winner spent many years working with the extremely poor in India. Though not a rich person, Mother Teresa was able to personally help thousands of people. disagree with the following statement? The more money a person has, the more he or she should give away to the charities.
This business person is one of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates is also a very generous philanthropist and has created a foundation focusing on education and healthcare.
This movie star is reported to give away 1/3 of his/her income to several charities. Angelina Jolie is also the Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commission for Refugees.
This wealthy talk show host has created a foundation “to support the education and empowerment of women, children and families”. Oprah Winfrey has also established a school for girls in South Africa.
講解如何運(yùn)用
本文的展開需要有大量的實(shí)例來說明做慈善是必要的，本單元中的Angelina Jolie, Oprah Winfrey, Bill Gates, Mother Teresa都是慈善的好例子。
結(jié)語
托福寫作時“無話可說”乃是因?yàn)槠綍r缺乏素材積累，輸入太少吶。對于素材，同學(xué)們要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：一是素材最好是英文表達(dá)，不然考試時，即使心中滿滿的例子寫的時候卻發(fā)現(xiàn)好多意思不知怎樣用英文表達(dá);二是素材在表達(dá)上不宜太難，否則難以理解和記憶。三是好的素材要熟悉到位，同學(xué)們面對好的素材不能只是記在本子上或是存在電腦中，一定要記在腦子里!如何確定已經(jīng)記在腦子里了呢?找個一起考托福的小伙伴，把例子用英文講一遍給他/她聽;或者找張紙，寫一遍。當(dāng)你說完或者寫完，對方聽了或者看了驚嘆你的表達(dá)或者例子好棒時，說明你是真的掌握了這個例子!不然沒有記在腦子里，再好的素材也是枉然~
托福寫作使用不同詞匯豐富文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)文章：
