托福閱讀考試流程之先讀文章還是先做題

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托福閱讀考試流程, 先讀文章還是先做題,今天小編給大家?guī)硗懈i喿x考試流程,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀考試流程 先讀文章還是先做題?

一.做題的兩種基本方法

最基本的做題順序有兩種:先讀(全篇)文章再做題;先讀題目再讀文章(相應部分)然后做題。托福閱讀最基本的做題順序又能衍生變化出兩種做題順序:讀一段文章,做相應的題目,然后再讀一段,再做相應的題目;讀文章各段首句,然后看題目,再找文章內(nèi)相應部分做題。

二.哪種做題方法更優(yōu)

對于多數(shù)人來說,可能“讀文章各段首句,然后看題目,再找文章內(nèi)相應部分做題”的托福閱讀做題順序會比較合適,讀各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和結(jié)構(gòu),做題再看內(nèi)容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是這種做法不利于對全文的消化吸收,從而不利于做總結(jié)題,也可能會遺漏文章內(nèi)的一些細節(jié)而導致做錯細節(jié)題。而托福目前反饋大都是順序出題的,所以建議練習時就盡量往“讀一段做相應題目,再讀一段再做相應題目”這一順序去靠攏,可以對文章有全面的把握,雖然總量上還是要讀完全文,但是對大腦的短期記憶的負擔要比通讀全文再做題目小很多。

三.Paraphrase的重要性

在IBT閱讀中,甚至可以擴展到ETS所有考試的閱讀題目中,如果要用一個詞來概括的話,那就是paraphrase,意譯。無論是題干還是正確選項,大都能在原文中找出一句話來與之相對應。即題目是原文的意譯。這種意譯是通過同義詞來完成的。即題干中多用近義詞來對原文中的句子進行替換,來達到提出問題或者提出正確答案的意思。準確把握意譯,是多數(shù)題目中準確在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑選項中選出正確的那個,都有著重要的作用。關(guān)于先看題目還是先看文章的問題。也就是做題時間安排的問題。由于對問題的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基礎上,每個問題又有足夠的時間返回全文,每個選項都一一進行斟酌。托福閱讀文段一般都依照老美的思路來成文,首段、尾段、首句、尾句以及過渡段(句)很重要,只要是依據(jù)美國人的閱讀思路來安排托福閱讀做題順序,那托福閱讀就不會像你想象的那樣難以拿分。

以上是小站君為大家整理的關(guān)于托福閱讀考試流程及做題順序的內(nèi)容,希望對大家有幫助。托福閱讀考試中,由于文章篇幅太長,不建議先讀完原文再做題,但是每一個段落的大意是需要大家準確把握的,希望大家在平時練習中能提升做題速度,但是在加快速度的同時也保證較高的正確率。

托福閱讀背景知識之頭等艙最危險

Beware first-class travellers! Passengers sitting in the rear of a plane have the best chance of survival in the event of a crash, an extraordinary and costly aviation experiment ever conducted has revealed.

In a unique aviation experiment recently, the 170-seat Boeing 727 was made to crash in a controlled manner in a remote part of Mexico's Sonoran Desert.

After pilot James Slocum parachuted out of the plane at 2,500ft, the jet was guided into the ground by a pilot in a following Cessna via a remote-control device, the reporters reported.

On board the jet were three sophisticated crash-test dummies designed to move like humans.

They were arranged in three positions: one in the classic brace and wearing a seat-belt; one belted but not in the brace position; and one neither belted nor in the brace.

After the jet hit the ground nose-first, experts found that the dummy in the brace position would have survived the impact, the one not in the brace would have suffered serious head injuries, and the dummy not wearing a seat-belt would have perished.

Using this, experts predicted that 78 percent of passengers on board would have survived the impact, but that coming down nose-first, all the first-class travellers would have died because the front of the fuselage sheared off.

Those sitting at the back would have had the best chance of survival.

The 1 million pound project, to be screened on Channel 4 next month, aimed to recreate a serious but survivable incident and allow scientists to study the crashworthiness of the aircraft's frame and cabin, as well as the impact on the human body.

It is also hoped that the findings may help increase the chances of passengers surviving such a crash in the future.

The Boeing was packed with dozens of cameras to record the impact from the inside. Footage was also collected on the ground, in chase planes, and even from the ejecting pilot's helmet.

頭等艙的乘客要當心了!一項耗資巨大的特別飛行試驗揭示,在墜機事故中生還機會最大的是坐在飛機尾部的乘客。

在近日開展的一項獨特的飛行試驗中,一架有170個座位的波音727飛機被控墜落在墨西哥索諾拉沙漠的一個偏遠地帶。

據(jù)報道,在飛行員詹姆斯?索羅克姆于2500英尺高空跳傘離開飛機后,后面跟著的賽斯納飛機上的一名飛行員用遙控設備操縱飛機向地面降落。

試驗飛機上有三具精密的墜機測試專用人偶,這些假人的四肢可以像真人一樣移動。

它們以三種姿勢擺放:一個人偶用標準方式系緊安全帶,一個人偶扣上安全帶但沒系牢,還有一個人偶完全沒有系安全帶。

在飛機以頭朝地的形式墜落到地面后,專家發(fā)現(xiàn),安全帶系得很緊的人偶會逃過墜機這一劫,松松地系著安全帶的人偶頭部會嚴重受傷,沒有系安全帶的人偶會毀掉。

根據(jù)這一試驗結(jié)果,專家預測,78%的飛機乘客會生還,但因為飛機是頭朝下落地,所以所有頭等艙的乘客都會死亡,因為機身前端被削掉了。

那些坐在飛機尾部的乘客生還機會最大。

這一耗資100萬英鎊的試驗項目將于下個月在第四頻道播放。該項目的目的是通過再現(xiàn)一場嚴重但有生還機會的墜機事故,讓科學家研究飛機機架和機艙的耐撞性能,以及墜機對人體的影響。

研究人員還希望這些研究結(jié)果能有助于提高未來這樣的墜機事故中乘客的生還幾率。

這架波音飛機上安裝了幾十個攝像機,從飛機內(nèi)部來記錄墜機影響力。地面上、跟蹤的飛機、甚至跳傘飛行員的頭盔內(nèi)也安裝了攝像頭來采集視頻。

實例解析托福閱讀中如何準確定位

發(fā)現(xiàn)不少這樣的同學,自認閱讀不錯,實際考出來的分數(shù)只有22分左右,甚至會更低。ETS對閱讀高水平(High level)的評定標準是22—30分。而事實上,閱讀如果達不到25分以上,總分想要過百會比較困難,因為這相當于把掙分的壓力轉(zhuǎn)移到了大部分人比較弱的聽力、口語、寫作上面。由此可見,閱讀取得高分對于獲得百分以上的托福成績是一種保證!

那么為什么很多自認為閱讀不錯的考生不一定能在這一部分熠熠生輝呢? 這是因為新托福閱讀考試存在一些“絆馬索”。

“絆馬索”:細節(jié)題考查精確定位。

托福閱讀中的細節(jié)題其實不難,但前提是定位的點要對,比如下面這個例題:

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound-

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

這是一個典型的細節(jié)題,在該題題干中,有的考生會選擇Puget Sound作為關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位,因為它是專有名詞,在文中會比較顯眼。但是如果一旦選擇了這個地名,勢必會定位在該段的第一句話,托福細節(jié)題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的,因為定位不精確。其實正確的關(guān)鍵詞應該是white-tailed deer,這個用連字符連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的,按該詞定位應是該段最后一句話。所以根據(jù)它的意思應該選D項。其中A項與原句意思不符,B和C都與定位句信息無關(guān)。我們再來看另外一個否定事實細節(jié)題的例子:

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities-

A. They occur at the end of a succession.

B. They last longer than any other type of community.

C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位,但在定位過程中會出現(xiàn)很多問題。首先考生要學會跳躍式定位,即根據(jù)文章中特殊的標點符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關(guān)鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的,succession是在引號里面的,都非常醒目,通過看這兩個詞我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數(shù)字及破折號,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是單數(shù),與題干關(guān)鍵詞不完全匹配,細節(jié)題講究的是精確定位,所以我們應該選擇500斜下方的Climax communities,即該段的最后一句話。否定事實細節(jié)題的出題思路有兩種:一是無中生有,即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容,四個選項只有一個沒有提到,這種思路多適用于選項比較簡短的題目;二是張冠李戴,即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容表述,只有一個選項與之矛盾,這種思路多適應于選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言,根據(jù)定位的最后一句話,從表述上來說跟它相關(guān)的只有C和D兩個選項,D項的意思與原句相符,而C項與原句矛盾,所以正確答案是C。綜上所述,做新托福閱讀的細節(jié)題,最重要的一點就是要盡量地去精確定位。



托福閱讀考試流程之先讀文章還是先做題

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