托福閱讀提分如何打好基礎(chǔ)

托福閱讀提分如何打好基礎(chǔ)?這3個(gè)要點(diǎn)不可不知,今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x提分如何打好基礎(chǔ),希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

托福閱讀提分如何打好基礎(chǔ)?這3個(gè)要點(diǎn)不可不知

匯總背熟閱讀熱門詞匯

如果想要把自己的閱讀速度提升，其中有一個(gè)最要的因素即為詞匯。在大家備考托福過程中一個(gè)詞匯也在經(jīng)歷不斷累積的過程，而在積累詞匯過程中考生要學(xué)著整理這些詞匯，特別是針對那些最容易在閱讀文章里出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯一定要多做歸納整理，再針對這些詞匯出現(xiàn)的語言環(huán)境提升掌握能力，如此一來大家對閱讀詞匯的了解也會(huì)提升。

打好語法基礎(chǔ)看懂長難句

大家在做托福練習(xí)的過程中能夠感覺到許多語法內(nèi)容知識(shí)點(diǎn)都已完全融入到了閱讀和聽力的一些題目中。想要應(yīng)對好這些題目，最關(guān)鍵的是好句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。提升句子結(jié)構(gòu)，就是指將主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)部分和定狀補(bǔ)修飾成分準(zhǔn)確把握。做到這一點(diǎn)看上去簡單，但實(shí)際處理時(shí)卻仍有一定難度。特別是當(dāng)考生處理一些長難句復(fù)雜句時(shí)，如何完全分析出句型結(jié)構(gòu)也需要針對練習(xí)，而閱讀速度則能在這些練習(xí)中獲得提升。

提高閱讀速度掌握速讀技巧

在閱讀的過程中大部分同學(xué)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)問題：自己在詞匯和語法上都是有基礎(chǔ)的，但想要提升閱讀速度卻會(huì)變得一場困難。假如你也有這種問題，那么小編建議你可以去調(diào)整一下自己的閱讀方法了。大多數(shù)考生在閱讀時(shí)，都有先看完文章完全理解后再開始答題的習(xí)慣，而這種做法很容易造成考試時(shí)間的緊張。在此小編需要提醒大家，托?？荚囎鳛橐婚T語言考試，考察最重要的還是大家的答題能力，而不是閱讀能力。所以，考生不需要清晰地把全文的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都徹底了解。小編建議大家的閱讀理解方式是，首先仔細(xì)閱讀文章段落的第1、2句，把握住段落主旨大意，然后快速瀏覽其余部分。通過這樣的方式閱讀，既能加快閱讀速度，又能讓大家對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路更有把握。

托福閱讀真題回憶

學(xué)科分類：藝術(shù)

題目：Photography and Pictorial Weekly

內(nèi)容回憶：

第一段描述electrotype這種新興科技使得雜志能夠更快的被打印出來，并使得Pictorial weekly 這種型號(hào)較大的新聞雜志發(fā)展起來，該雜志往往有很多的illustration 插畫。第二段描述使得pictorial weekly 發(fā)展起來的第二個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素就在于photography。daguerreotype這種早期的相片的出現(xiàn)使得早起相片里常見的人像廣為流傳，能讓藝術(shù)家在離肖像模特十分遠(yuǎn)的地方也能夠按照雜志里的圖片做出畫作。 第三段說明照片對于雜志的影響不單單在于提供了插畫的主題上，還使得藝術(shù)家在創(chuàng)作插畫時(shí)會(huì)模仿早期相片的感覺。因?yàn)槿藗冇X得，比起藝術(shù)作品，相片更能夠傳遞真實(shí)感。第五段說，插畫的主題從comic 變得更為formality. 雖然comic的傾向仍然在部分雜志里有所保留，但是新的趨勢是更為注重節(jié)制，禮節(jié)（propriety ）.

詞匯題：

1. Plentiful- abundant

2. Emergence-development

3. Routinely-often

4. Distinctive-characteristic

Passage Two

學(xué)科分類： 生物

題目：Effects of Predation on distribution of species

內(nèi)容回憶：

本文共四段。第一段講了有實(shí)驗(yàn)表明當(dāng)被引入了predator 的時(shí)候，prey 就會(huì)被predator 捕食殆盡，然而因?yàn)槭侨藶闂l件下的結(jié)果，我們有理由認(rèn)為在自然環(huán)境中并非如此。因?yàn)閜redator 會(huì)失去自己的food resource 之一，所以會(huì)選擇將prey保留到可持續(xù)的水平。第2段說明了捕食影響物種分布的第一種方式是prey switching。在某種prey 比較少時(shí)，就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向其它的獵物。例如lynx和wolf 是它兩個(gè)predator。 當(dāng)hareshoe 這種新的prey 被引入當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)，hareshoe大量繁殖,lynx 的數(shù)量也大幅上升。但hareshoe 隨后出現(xiàn)了周期性的上升和下降，而每當(dāng)其上升時(shí)，lynx 的數(shù)量上升，而其數(shù)量下降時(shí)，lynx 就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)而去吃原來是wolf 的獵物 caribou。因此通過轉(zhuǎn)換，lynx自己的數(shù)量穩(wěn)定的同時(shí)可以讓hare shoe有時(shí)間恢復(fù)。 第3段講predator 可能通過阻止更為voracious 的predator 來控制prey數(shù)量。例如有一種鳥棲息在一種樹的樹頂上，食用一種 bug， 該鳥類數(shù)量下降的同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)該bug 數(shù)量也在下降，而樹長得比較繁茂。推測雖然這對樹不利，但可能是該鳥可以保護(hù)該bug不受到其它更為competitive 的動(dòng)物的捕食。第4段說明還可以通過reduce pressures between two species 來影響物種的分布。存在兩個(gè)物種競爭時(shí)，一般一種會(huì)淘汰另一種，隨后占取所有資源。Predator 可以控制兩者的數(shù)量到較低的水平，使其中較弱的一方不至于被滅絕。

詞匯題：

1.    modify =change

2.   recover=to return to normal

3.    complex=complicated

Passage Three

學(xué)科分類：歷史

題目：The electricity system in the United States

內(nèi)容回憶：

第一段說商業(yè)和科技的結(jié)合不僅導(dǎo)致了一些用具和物品的產(chǎn)生，也促進(jìn)了一些大的系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，例如20世紀(jì)初美國的電網(wǎng)。電力的采用不僅促進(jìn)了電力公司的發(fā)展，替代了傳統(tǒng)的能源，對社會(huì)各個(gè)方面也有較大的影響。第二段先說電燈的使用更加安全，不易引起火災(zāi)，也促進(jìn)了一些需要精細(xì)運(yùn)作的產(chǎn)業(yè)，利用新聞業(yè)在晚間可以使用電燈照明。其次說發(fā)電機(jī)的比起傳統(tǒng)的能源來源要更加便利，使得用電力發(fā)電的機(jī)器操作起來也更加的有效，和profitable. 第三段說明電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展對美國工業(yè)的地理分布產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。原來的能源需要靠近水或煤，但是現(xiàn)在的地點(diǎn)就更為集中在城市，因?yàn)槌鞘械碾娋W(wǎng)集中。第四段說明公眾用了很長時(shí)間決定電力最終歸私有而非歸國有。導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果是城市里的電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的高度發(fā)展，而1920s為止，仍有大片的農(nóng)村地區(qū)是沒有電的，因?yàn)殡娏菊J(rèn)為在這些廣袤少人的區(qū)域發(fā)展電力是不劃算的。

詞匯題：

1.   preeminent =main

2.   commonplace=usual

3.    endure = survive  

托福閱讀真題及答案

學(xué)科分類：BIO

題目：Body temperature

內(nèi)容回憶：本文共8段。第1段動(dòng)物需要保持體溫，還需要將熱量傳輸?shù)奖砻嫫つw。表面的溫度低于內(nèi)部才會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量的傳輸。第2段產(chǎn)生熱量的是少部分器官，比如人體中的chest，abdomen，brain產(chǎn)生的熱量就占所有熱量的72%。第3段運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的熱量，要比平時(shí)多上十多倍的熱量，主要是肌肉產(chǎn)生。第4段說的內(nèi)部溫度也不是都一樣的，inner的溫度保持恒定，但是器官直接也有溫度差，可能會(huì)有0.5度的差別。第5，6段主要講熱量是怎么傳輸?shù)奖砻娴?。最后兩段主要?nèi)容講到，體溫會(huì)根據(jù)日常的活動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，不同的動(dòng)物會(huì)不一樣。比如夜行動(dòng)物在夜間體溫高，白天低。

詞匯題：

1.   uniform = constant

2. considerably = greatly

3. significance = importance

4. roughly = approximately

Passage Two

學(xué)科分類：BIO

題目：The north long-neck turtle

內(nèi)容回憶：第1段介紹了生活在澳洲熱帶的long-neck turtle，它們的棲息地非常地特殊，會(huì)隨著干濕兩季的不同，改變棲息地；第2段講到研究者們找了兩年也沒有找到這種龜?shù)臈⒌兀钱?dāng)?shù)氐耐林酥?，他們知道這種龜會(huì)將蛋產(chǎn)在水下。為了驗(yàn)證這個(gè)說法，研究者在水下放了很多radio transmitter，turtle下蛋的時(shí)候，transmitter會(huì)附在蛋上，結(jié)果真的發(fā)現(xiàn)，long-neck turtle會(huì)在水下14-17米的泥下下蛋；第3段講為什么turtle會(huì)選這里下蛋，這和它們生存的環(huán)境有關(guān)，它們生存的環(huán)境沒有穩(wěn)定的水，干濕兩季是主要原因。第4段講到 為什么這種龜下蛋在水下，蛋可以生存下來，不同于別的蛋，它們的蛋特別抗壓。

詞匯題：

1.    ingenious = comprehensive

2.   feat = achievement

3.   bizarre = strange

4.   unpredictable = viable

Passage Three

學(xué)科分類：Biology

題目：The day length and reproductive time in animal

內(nèi)容回憶：第1段提出 動(dòng)物一般都會(huì)在食物充分的時(shí)候生產(chǎn)，如果食物不夠，后代不足以生存，那動(dòng)物如何判斷呢。有很多的環(huán)境線索，其中最重要的是日長，日長不但影響動(dòng)物繁殖和生產(chǎn)還影響動(dòng)物的遷徙和冬眠；第2，3段講到這日長影響動(dòng)物的理論在1900初提出，后來在1920年得到論證，通過研究者多年觀察某種鳥類遷徙過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)其都是固定時(shí)間生產(chǎn)和遷徙，發(fā)現(xiàn)比起時(shí)間，日照和溫度的影響更大；第4段講熱帶因?yàn)槿照占竟?jié)差別小，所以不根據(jù)日照生產(chǎn)，但是人工條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)日照還是有影響的；最后講到日長對動(dòng)物繁殖生產(chǎn)有影響，但是影響不同。一般大的哺乳動(dòng)物懷孕4-7月，但是馬要懷孕11月。

詞匯題：

1.   formulate = investigate

2.   invariable = always

3.   retained = kept

Passage Four

學(xué)科分類：History

題目：The United State interstate highway system

內(nèi)容回憶：第1段提出北美高速系統(tǒng)的建立，在1956年提出，1990年建立。

主要還提到這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的三好處，加速，安全等等；第2段講到缺點(diǎn)，

路的選擇少，要繞，所以更費(fèi)燃料，造成更大污染；第3，4段講

這對老城區(qū)的巨大傷害，因?yàn)橐?guī)劃站在whole state的角度，對個(gè)

別城市和古老社區(qū)考慮不周，造成破壞和蕭條；第5段講到造成了

new order，更多中心在郊區(qū)發(fā)展起來，更多人會(huì)在周末假期出去

玩。最后說到highway system和subway系統(tǒng)的重和。

詞匯題：

1.  alter = change

2.  integrated = combined

3. hasten = sped up

托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)小范圍預(yù)測

生物類：

Title：Extinctions at the End of the Cretaceous

It has long been recognized that the dinosaurs disappeared from the fossil record at the end of the Cretaceous period (65 million years ago), and as more knowledge has been gained, we have learned that many other organisms disappeared at about the same time. Themicroscopic plankton (free-floating plants and animals) with calcareous shells suffered massively.The foundation of the major marine food chain that led from the minute plankton to shelled animals to large marine reptiles had collapsed. On land it was not only the large animals that became extinct. The mammals, most ofwhich were small, lost some 35 percent of their species worldwide. Plants were also affected. For example, in North America 79 percent did not survive, and it has been noted that the survivors were often deciduousthey could lose their leaves and shut downwhile others could survive as seeds. As in the sea, it seems that on the land one key food chain collapsed: the one with leaves as its basic raw material. These leaves were the food of some of the mammals and of the herbivorous dinosaurs, which in turn were fed on by the carnivorous dinosaurs. Furthermore, it is most likely that these large dinosaurs had slow rates of reproduction, which always increases the risk of extinction. Crocodiles, tortoises, birds, and insects seem to have been little affected. The two first named are known to be able to survive for long periods without food, and both can be scavengers (feed on dead material). Indeed, with the deaths of so many

other animals and with much dead plant material, the food chain based on detritus would have been well-supplied. Many insects feed on dead material; furthermore, most have at least one resting stage in which they are very resistant to damage. In unfavorable conditions some may take a long time to

develop: there is a record of a beetle larva living in dead wood for over 40 years before becoming an adult. Some birds were scavengers, but the survival of many lineages is a puzzle.

What happened in the biological story just after these extinctionswhat is found in and just above the boundary layer between the deposits of the Cretaceous and those of the Tertiary (65¨C2.6 million years ago), termed the K/T boundary For a very short period the dominant microorganisms in marine deposits were usually diatoms and dinoflagellates(both single-celled types of plankton).The important

feature for the survival of both these groups was the ability to form rotective cysts (sacs around organisms) that rested on the sea floor. Above these, in the later deposits, are the remains of other minute plankton, but the types are quite different from those of the Late Cretaceous. In terrestrial deposits a sudden and dramatic increase in fern plant spores marks the boundary in many parts of the world; ferns are early colonizers of barren landscapes. The fern spike (sudden increase), as it istermed, has been found also in some marine deposits (such was the abundance of fern spores blown around the world), and it occurs in exactly the same layer of deposit where the plankton disappear. We can conclude that the major marine and terrestrial events occurred simultaneously.

Many theories have been put forward for the extinction of the dinosaurs, but most of them can be dismissed. Since 1980 there have been more focused, but still controversy-ridden, investigations. In that year Louis and Walter Alvarez and colleagues from the University of California published their research on the amounts of various metals in the boundary between Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks (K/T boundary) in Italy, Denmark, and New Zealand. Theyhad found, accidentally, that a rare metal, iridium, suddenly became very abundant exactly at the boundary and then slowly fell away. This phenomenon, known as the iridium spike, has now been identified in K/T boundary deposits in over a hundred other sites in the world. Iridium occurs in meteorites and volcanic material, but in the latter case it is accompanied by elevated levels of nickel and chromium. These other metals are not especially abundant at the K/T boundary. The Alvarezes concluded th