雅思閱讀定位技巧講解

很多考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)雅思閱讀最難為人并不是讀不懂，而是找不到。那么該如何快速定位呢?一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀定位---新思路起底

雅思閱讀考察三方面能力 ? 基礎(chǔ)能力：即最本質(zhì)的閱讀能力，對(duì)于雅思閱讀來(lái)說(shuō)，得詞匯者得天下。? 做題能力，每一種題型都有屬于自己得做題方法，小烤鴨必須有策略地去解題。? 定位難題，很多考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)雅思閱讀最難為人并不是讀不懂，而是找不到。那么該如何快速定位呢?耐心讀完并練習(xí)以下方法，相信你也成為自帶gps屬性的定位能手。

雅思閱讀--1特殊詞定位法

什么是特殊的詞?就是特別好找，一眼就能夠從1000多字的雅思閱讀文章當(dāng)中找到的詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō)是名詞優(yōu)先，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞容易出現(xiàn)同義詞替換，而形容詞副詞則往往可以省去。

名詞我們會(huì)優(yōu)先尋找：時(shí)間，數(shù)字，大寫等相對(duì)替換較少且較為好尋找的詞，其中數(shù)字有可能會(huì)發(fā)生形式上的改變。

★需要注意的是，文章主題詞和同題型重多次重復(fù)的詞，不可以用做定位詞，哪怕這些詞再特殊，一旦全文都是，也就失去了定位的意義。

雅思閱讀--2關(guān)系定位法

如果題干當(dāng)中沒有比較特殊的詞，我們可以利用關(guān)系來(lái)定位，題干當(dāng)中如果出現(xiàn)of所屬關(guān)系，那么原文當(dāng)中一定也會(huì)有對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系存在，找到關(guān)系，也就是找到了答案之所在。

如劍9第一套題的第一篇文章重的第四題，該題目并沒有明顯定位詞，但是我們可以利用并列關(guān)系rich and famous來(lái)定位對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的fame and fortune.

★需要注意的是，定位關(guān)系是穩(wěn)定的，但是關(guān)系詞會(huì)發(fā)生變化，需要同學(xué)們平時(shí)多做積累。

雅思閱讀--3夾心原則

考試當(dāng)中，題目都是整體出現(xiàn)，我們可以利用和前后題的關(guān)系。比如說(shuō)有三道題目，其中1和3可以找到，2題沒有明顯定位詞，比較難找，那我們可以先找1題和3題，再在兩題中間掃讀查找第二題。

如劍4第44頁(yè)的2-4題，其中第二題和第四題比較好定位，第三題很難找，問的是什么越來(lái)越多，我們可以先解決2題和4題，然后在兩題中間范圍關(guān)系閱讀，找看是什么越來(lái)越多，找到：a growing interest in cultural identity.

雅思閱讀--4快速閱讀抓文章結(jié)構(gòu)法

這種方法適用于極度變態(tài)的難定位的題目。難定位主要體現(xiàn)在題目跨度大和逆序，遇見這兩種情況，考生可以掃讀每段首末句掃清結(jié)構(gòu)，題目一般就可以迎刃而解了，具體考生可以參照劍9第二套題第一篇文章進(jìn)行體驗(yàn)練習(xí)。

雅思閱讀--5特殊套題模式

段落matching——這個(gè)題考試時(shí)候建議最后做，因?yàn)楹竺婕?xì)節(jié)題對(duì)他有提示。List of headings——出現(xiàn)這個(gè)題目，該題型盡量先做，因?yàn)橄茸鏊鼘?duì)后面的細(xì)節(jié)題有提示。在真題當(dāng)中，不乏出現(xiàn)了list of headings題，之后細(xì)節(jié)題定位變難的，但是通通都可以從該題型中找到線索。

雅思閱讀--6混合運(yùn)用在實(shí)踐當(dāng)中

以上方法并不是孤立存在的，考生需要混合運(yùn)用，這樣即可招招制勝，攻克雅思閱讀。

雅思閱讀真題解析--劍11TEST1 ‘The Falkirk Wheel’

判斷題的考點(diǎn)主要分為九類：數(shù)字考點(diǎn)，否定考點(diǎn)，因果考點(diǎn)，目的考點(diǎn)，絕對(duì)詞考點(diǎn)，程度副詞或形容詞考點(diǎn)，趨勢(shì)詞考點(diǎn)，比較類考點(diǎn)，和客觀事實(shí)(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)。熟練掌握這幾類考點(diǎn)的特征是快速準(zhǔn)確分析結(jié)論的前提。閱讀各題型的難度較之前都有一定的提高。例如在劍11中出現(xiàn)的填空題的少數(shù)亂序現(xiàn)象，判斷題的難度主要體現(xiàn)在定位障礙，定位詞替換，跨段出題頻繁等等。所以本文具體分析劍橋11中第一套第二篇文章的判斷題。

14. The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in history.定位詞選擇專有名詞Forth & Clyde Canal和Union Canal，考點(diǎn)是for the first time，原文對(duì)應(yīng)第一段介紹Falkirk Wheel的歷史背景: The Falkirk Wheel in Scotland is the world’s first and only rotating boat life. Opened in 2002, it is central to the ambitious…to restore navigability across Scotland by reconnecting the historic waterways of the Forth & Clyde and the Union Canals.原文中出現(xiàn)了reconnect 表示又一次將Forth & Clyde和Union Canals連接起來(lái)通航。所以和考點(diǎn)詞‘first time’矛盾，結(jié)論是FALSE。

15 There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.定位詞‘design’考點(diǎn)是是否存在opposition，文中并沒有直接出現(xiàn)design，但是類似的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段，通過第三段的首句‘Numerous ideas were submitted for the project, including concepts ranging from rolling eggs to tilting tanks, from… ’可以看出，本段是方案提出階段，所以和design相關(guān)。緊接著，原文內(nèi)容是‘The eventual winner was a plan for the huge rotating steel boat lift which was become the Falkirk Wheel.’之后是涉及的升船機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。所以并沒有提及和題目有關(guān)信息，因此本題結(jié)論為NOT GIVEN。

16. The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.通過定位components，可在第四段的第一句看到various parts, 定位詞替換，程度副詞考點(diǎn) initially put together,原文第四段前兩句‘The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled…at Butterley Engineering ‘s Steelworks in Derbyshire, some 400km from Falkirk. A team there carefully assembled the 1,200 tonnes of steel, painstakingly fitting the pieces together to…’主要對(duì)應(yīng)考點(diǎn)詞的為 assemble 組裝，及 fit…together.即在零件生產(chǎn)地先進(jìn)行所有的零件組裝。所以本題結(jié)論為TRUE.

17.The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.

本題的定位詞可選較多，steel section，hand, 考點(diǎn)詞也非常明顯，絕對(duì)次only，原文第四段最后兩句，The Wheel would need to withstand immense and constantly changing stresses as it rotated, so to make the structure more robust, the steel sections were bolted rather than welded together. Over 45,000 bolt holes were marched with their boats, and each bolt was hand-tightened.原文沒有提及only。

小伙伴看到這個(gè)題目是不是覺得很熟悉，本題的套路和劍9第一篇判斷題‘The tree from which quinine is derived grow only in South America’的考點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是一致的，都是在原文沒有提及only，所以該題的結(jié)論為NOT GIVEN.

18 The weight of the gondolas varies according the size of boat being carried.定位詞gondolas,考點(diǎn)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞varies‘變化’，原文定位之后在第五段第二句話出現(xiàn)了引號(hào)‘gondolas’,所以該題目定位較容易，通過精讀原句，在定位詞出現(xiàn)的下一句，‘These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats.’原文的 same和考點(diǎn)詞varies是矛盾關(guān)系，所以結(jié)論為FALSE。

19. The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.定位詞ancient monument 考點(diǎn) took into account… 即考慮到了…定位詞ancient monument 非常難找，對(duì)于不知道單詞含義的同學(xué)，這道題難度就大了很多。ancient monument歷史古跡，在原文的最后一段出現(xiàn)了the presence of historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD. 為了保護(hù)歷史古跡，工程的建造通過一個(gè)管道，從墻下穿過，所以這個(gè)題的結(jié)論是TRUE。

仔細(xì)觀察這個(gè)較難定位的題目，最后一題的時(shí)態(tài)和之前兩題(17.18)不一樣，之前是一般現(xiàn)在，最后是過去時(shí)。因此，關(guān)鍵時(shí)用特殊方法，定位過去時(shí)即很快能找到在最后一段出現(xiàn)目標(biāo)內(nèi)容。本題出現(xiàn)了跨段的情況，中間間隔的信息恰恰是第二道圖題的對(duì)應(yīng)位置。

綜上，這篇文章的判斷題題目信息和考查詞匯并不難，存在的難點(diǎn)主要是定位，以及定位之后需要閱讀的原文句子較長(zhǎng)，通常需要讀兩句。所以考生在備考時(shí)，需要在定位和分析原句的兩個(gè)方面充分練習(xí)。定位詞找不到可暫時(shí)放棄，先做之后的題目，再利用題目順序原則，去看未出題段落。

讀原句的時(shí)候，考生要多注意句子中的指代詞 it, that, these, those… 根據(jù)出現(xiàn)的位置，來(lái)判斷需要精讀的句數(shù)。因此，快速定位，精讀完整信息，迅速比較，勤練多思，一定能提高判斷題正確率。

雅思閱讀全真練習(xí)系列：Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour

Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour

New evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.

UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.

While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.

Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.

A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.

Midnight snack

In one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.

The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.

The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.

Hypnotic effects

There is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.

The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.

Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.

“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection, a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.

Tried and tested

“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug, the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder, US.

Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects, points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School, director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence, Rhode Island, US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.

And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.

The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.

The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann, adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.

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Questions 1-6　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

1. Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.

2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.

3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.

4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.

5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.

6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.

Question 7-9　　Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.

7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?

A. 68

B. 104

C. 182

D. 240

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?

A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.

B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.

C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.

D. Side effects include nightmares, hallucinations and sleepwalking.

9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?

A. Kenneth Wright

B. Melissa Feltmann

C. Richard Millman

D. Vera Sharav

Questions 10-13　　Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.

10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?

11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?

12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?

13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?