雅思閱讀技巧之順序原則

今天小編和大家分享雅思閱讀技巧巧用閱讀“順序原則”，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀技巧--巧用閱讀“順序原則”

何為“順序原則”

“順序原則”即雅思官方在題型特點(diǎn)注釋中所述的“Answers are in passage order.”說(shuō)的復(fù)雜一些，便是：若某一題型符合“Answers are in passage order”的描述，該題型所包含的幾個(gè)題目的答案在文中分布的相應(yīng)位置隨題號(hào)的變大而逐漸靠后。Sounds like a mouthful, right? 簡(jiǎn)而言之吧，就是這種題型考生可以順著題號(hào)一題一題地往文章更靠后的位置找，比較符合正常人的閱讀習(xí)慣(相信很少有人上來(lái)先讀一篇文章的第三段，或者第四段吧)。

順序原則與題型

宏觀地看一篇雅思閱讀文章包涵的全部題型，答案分布的順序也符合題型出現(xiàn)的先后順序，例如全文包含先判斷題，后填空題這兩種題型，則較有可能出現(xiàn)的情況是判斷題答案分布在文章的前半部分，而填空題在文章后半部分。例如: 劍橋雅思真題集系列7，Test 4 Passage 1: 前7題判斷題分布于前6個(gè)段落，剩下的段落填空題分布于第9段，和前面7段無(wú)關(guān)。

接下來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)哪些題型符合“Answers are in passage order”。我們把題型總體分成四大類(lèi) - 判斷、選擇、填空和配對(duì)。判斷題，包括identifying information(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)和identifying writer’s views(YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)均嚴(yán)格地符合“順序原則”。選擇題，分為單選題和多選題。四選一的單選題，即multiple choice questions(choose one from A/B/C/D)符合順序原則，而多選題，即picking from a list(pick 2 out of 5, 3 out of 6, 5 out of 11, etc)則無(wú)所謂順序原則，所選答案在list中的位置可能與它們?cè)谖恼轮谐霈F(xiàn)的先后順序不吻合，但是這種題型在答題卷上以任何順序?qū)懗鏊x答案都可以。填空題，(在此，筆者把所有要填單詞作答的題型全部歸為填空題)，除段落概括填空(summary completion)以外，簡(jiǎn)答題(short answer questions)、句子填空(sentence completion)、表格填空(table completion)、筆記填空(notes completion)、流程圖填空(flow-chart completion)和示意圖填空(diagram labeling)均符合“順序原則”。針對(duì)段落概括填空，我們可以默認(rèn)它也為順序原則，但需要做好個(gè)別答案亂序的心理準(zhǔn)備，相關(guān)例子在劍橋雅思真題系列中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)：劍橋雅思真題集系列7，Test 4, Reading Passage 1[以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“C7T4P1”](Ant Intelligence)、C8T2P2(The Little Ice Age)等。最后，配對(duì)題。字面理解，“配對(duì)”即把混亂的項(xiàng)與相應(yīng)部分對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)，因此配對(duì)題很自然就是亂序的，包括段落標(biāo)題配對(duì)(matching headings)、段落信息配對(duì)(matching information)、人名與陳述配對(duì)(matching people to statements)和事件與時(shí)間段配對(duì)(matching events to time periods)等。綜上，較籠統(tǒng)的講，除配對(duì)題以外，其他雅思閱讀題型均遵守順序原則。

注意事項(xiàng)

需要注意的是，順序原則僅適用于同一題型內(nèi)，若跨越了題型，就不一定了。例如：劍橋雅思真題集9，Test 1中的18-26題，(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)C9T1Q18-26)，18題至20題為short answer questions，21題至26題為identifying writer’s views，兩種題型均符合順序原則，但是20題的答案在文章的相應(yīng)位置并不一定出現(xiàn)在21題答案的相應(yīng)位置之前。因此順序原則這個(gè)“原則”僅限題型內(nèi)，涉及兩種題型時(shí)可能就要被打破了。

順序原則之于解題的指導(dǎo)方針

最后來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)順序原則和解題過(guò)程的關(guān)系。兩者的關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在前者對(duì)如何讀題干的影響。對(duì)于遵守順序題型的題型，考生在審閱題干時(shí)候可以選擇審一題解一題的做法，因?yàn)橄嚓P(guān)內(nèi)容在文中按順序出現(xiàn)，這樣做考生也會(huì)感到循序漸進(jìn)，脈絡(luò)清楚。當(dāng)然，選擇在一開(kāi)始講該題型的每個(gè)題干都審閱一遍也未嘗不可，可先完成較容易定位的題目，再活用順序原則，縮小較難定位題目所需的搜索范圍。對(duì)于亂序題型，特別是段落信息配對(duì)題，考生須在文中搜索答案之前審閱全部題干，最好讀兩遍以加深印象：因?yàn)樾畔⒃谖闹械姆植紴閬y序，所以第1題的信息有可能出現(xiàn)在比如，倒數(shù)第二段，而我們的閱讀順序，如前文所述，肯定是從頭段至尾段的。若讀一題做一題便可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)做一題就耗去讀全篇的時(shí)間，得不償失。題號(hào)大的題目在這一題型中是很有可能比題號(hào)小的題目更早做出來(lái)的。

小結(jié)

雅思閱讀順序原則告訴我們，在考試過(guò)程中，考生沒(méi)必要想法設(shè)法應(yīng)用太多所謂的定位技巧，先去選擇容易定位的題型，筆者推薦的方法是跟著出題人的思路走，從小題號(hào)到大題號(hào)按部就班地順序解題，畢竟大多數(shù)題型都符合順序原則，而且所有題型，籠統(tǒng)而言，宏觀上也是順序原則的。

靠紀(jì)錄片一樣搞定雅思閱讀

最近趁著頒獎(jiǎng)季，看了許多好電影，《婦女參政論者》(suffragette)是其中之一。

為什么要提這部電影呢?因?yàn)樽鳛橐粋€(gè)雅思閱讀的老師，看到電影海報(bào)，職業(yè)病就犯了...腦海里立馬想到的是雅思劍三test 4 passage 2真題文章。同樣去年也發(fā)現(xiàn)一部電影《實(shí)驗(yàn)者》“experimenter" 也是講劍五test 1 passage 2的心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

是不是頓時(shí)覺(jué)得那高高在上的雅思閱讀真題文章原來(lái)這么接地氣啊?但話(huà)又說(shuō)肥來(lái)，碰到一篇考試的文章，又剛好是自己看過(guò)的電影這種幸運(yùn)程度，也是直接可以去買(mǎi)Powerball了。

所以，如果你要在看影視劇作品中學(xué)點(diǎn)雅思詞匯，紀(jì)錄片絕對(duì)是最好的選擇!一則，由于紀(jì)錄片的科普性，雅思閱讀詞匯出現(xiàn)頻率極高。二則，劇情有時(shí)候枯燥到你只想關(guān)注底下的字幕。

如果大家做雅思閱讀真題做得非常多的話(huà)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章的話(huà)題重復(fù)性很高。所以我就常出現(xiàn)的一些文章話(huà)題，給大家推薦一些相應(yīng)的紀(jì)錄片。

社會(huì)類(lèi)

① 《永遠(yuǎn)的女性參政論者》suffragettes forever 如上所述雅思真題中出過(guò)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，也有劍六中Do literate women make better mothers? 就算不是為了背單詞，我也推薦大家看一下這個(gè)紀(jì)錄片，我們以為理所當(dāng)然的東西是多少先驅(qū)用血的代價(jià)換來(lái)了。女生要看，男生更應(yīng)該去看。

②《第四公民》

Citizen four

大名鼎鼎的斯諾登的事情大家可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，這部記錄片會(huì)告訴你事情的來(lái)龍去脈。也是獲得了奧斯卡最佳紀(jì)錄片獎(jiǎng)。我看了四遍，里面有大量關(guān)于科技，隱私，監(jiān)聽(tīng)相關(guān)的詞匯。剛好讓學(xué)生看了這部，他們做基礎(chǔ)閱讀有一篇工作環(huán)境中侵犯隱私行為的那一篇，詞匯毫無(wú)壓力。

制造類(lèi)

①《皮克斯工作室：25個(gè)神奇時(shí)刻》Pixar :25 magic moments著名動(dòng)畫(huà)制作公司如何制作動(dòng)畫(huà)的。在《基礎(chǔ)閱讀》里面有一篇文章也是講如何制作動(dòng)畫(huà)人物的。 ②《倫敦地鐵史話(huà)》The Tube: an underground history雅思真題不少出交通方式類(lèi)的文章，4-10里面我數(shù)了一下就有6篇。 ③《維基解密--背后的故事》Wikipedia ---the secret story

雅思真題中，我們見(jiàn)過(guò)有好多篇人物傳記一類(lèi)的文章， 所以要推薦幾部人物傳記類(lèi)的，英國(guó)人為主。今天要說(shuō)不僅僅看英國(guó)人，因?yàn)?.31真題考的就是莫扎特。

人物傳記類(lèi)

① 《真實(shí)的簡(jiǎn). 奧斯汀 》The real Jane Austen

② 《阿加莎.克里斯蒂的謎樣人生》The mystery of Agatha Christie

③ 《神奇的費(fèi)曼先生》The fantasitic Mr. Feyman 他是20世紀(jì)著名的物理學(xué)家?？赐昴銜?huì)覺(jué)得物理學(xué)家也太可愛(ài)了。當(dāng)然也有霍金的紀(jì)錄片，但是我總覺(jué)得人還活著的話(huà)就不會(huì)出題。

實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)文章在雅思閱讀中也不少出現(xiàn)，甚至我們都摸索出來(lái)這類(lèi)文章結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)如何寫(xiě)。很多人在第一次看到劍五 nature or nurture 那篇實(shí)驗(yàn)之前早都了解過(guò)那個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，做題就會(huì)特別順暢。那我來(lái)推薦幾部實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)，也許你考試就碰到了呢。

實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)

① 《斯坦福監(jiān)獄實(shí)驗(yàn) 》The Standford Prison Experiment

② 《我們的孩子足夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)嗎?中式學(xué)校》Are our kids tough enough? Chinese school 這類(lèi)和教育結(jié)合在一起的實(shí)驗(yàn)在雅思真題中也是出現(xiàn)過(guò)，兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間的教育對(duì)比也是出現(xiàn)過(guò)。而且本身這個(gè)很輕松，推薦給大家。教育類(lèi)的文章在雅思閱讀中也是常出現(xiàn)，有學(xué)齡前教育項(xiàng)目對(duì)比的，有日本和英國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)教育對(duì)比的文章。教育類(lèi)也是愛(ài)出的一種話(huà)題。

①《數(shù)學(xué)的故事》the story of maths

動(dòng)物類(lèi)和環(huán)境的雅思文章，真題隨便一本都能有。而相關(guān)話(huà)題的紀(jì)錄片，你隨便一搜discover，BBC出現(xiàn)非常多。這里我推薦幾部我看過(guò)的。①《蝴蝶的神奇之旅 》the incredible journey of the butterflies

②《北極熊：一個(gè)夏天的奧德賽 》polar bears: a summer odyssey

③ 《珍古德的野生黑猩猩》Jane Goodall's wild Chimpanzees猩猩一類(lèi)的既可以在動(dòng)物類(lèi)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在一些實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)文章里面或者跟人與社會(huì)關(guān)系對(duì)比上面。所以這個(gè)紀(jì)錄片大家要仔細(xì)看。

④《BBC:非洲 》BBC: Africa 地理環(huán)境的文章在雅思中也不少，所以要關(guān)注這種環(huán)境地理類(lèi)的紀(jì)錄片。

⑤《美麗中國(guó)》 wild China 一定找英文的!

⑥《日本：地球迷人之島》Japan: Earth Enchanted islands是唐頓莊園大小姐Mary 配音的

以上17部紀(jì)錄片推薦給大家?？吹臅r(shí)候光看一遍對(duì)于記住單詞是不夠的，至少三四遍以上。我們很多同學(xué)都說(shuō)背單詞最難得就是背了又忘了，老師都會(huì)跟你說(shuō)還是你反復(fù)背的次數(shù)不夠。

其實(shí)背單詞，在上下文中背是最有效率的。所以能在紀(jì)錄片里看到這些詞的應(yīng)用，會(huì)記得特別牢的。最好是能把紀(jì)錄片里所有生詞摘取出來(lái)形成一個(gè)自己的生詞小紅書(shū)，時(shí)常翻出來(lái)看看，閱讀單詞量肯定有大的飛躍。 也推薦兩個(gè)看紀(jì)錄片的網(wǎng)站,在線(xiàn)看或者下APPS 離線(xiàn)緩存都可以。大名鼎鼎的A站和B站：AcFun和bilibili。

雅思閱讀全真練習(xí)系列：Seeking an energy holy trinity

Seeking an energy holy trinity

1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union’s competition commissioner, did not mince her words when reporting on Europe’s energy markets on Wednesday January 10th. Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers are suffering. Those “vertically integrated” energy companies such as Electricité de France (EDF) or Germany’s E.ON, widely dubbed as “national champions”, are effectively behaving like local monopolies. Shy of competition, eager for artificially high prices, they are helping to block the efficient generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent.

2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent.

3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are bound to oppose ferociously.

4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon resolved.

5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously by those in Europe who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes. The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians.

6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution, especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the past ten years is anything to go by.

7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter. The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990 levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting cleaner cars, a more effective emissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy, like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require political horse-trading as governments—Europe’s leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in America, Asia and elsewhere.

(689 words)

Questions 1-5　　Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in the reading passage?

In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement reflects the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

1. Europe’s energy companies have funded the construction of the distribution network.

2. There has been a wide range of energy prices within Europe.

3. Gas-poor Germany has to pay a price higher than average to import gas from its neighbour.

4. E.ON and EDF may oppose the liberalisation due to their concerns about the security of energy supply.

5. The European Commission proposes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% if the U.S. is willing to cut its.

Questions 6-10　　Look at the box of countries below.

Choose One or Two countries to complete the following sentences.

Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet.

Countries

A. Belarus

B. Britain

C. France

D. Germany

E. Russia

F. Ukraine

G. The U.S.

6. It’s dangerous for western Europe to depend too much on gas imports from ……

7. A liberalised policy of energy supply was enforced over ten years in …

8. Last year energy supplies in central and western Europe was affected owing to the interruption of gas deliveries to …

9. The governments in …… are bound to oppose the separation of energy suppliers and transporters?

10. Oil exports passing via … to Europe was blocked this week.

Questions 11-14

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage above for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14.

11. The EC disagrees with energy firms to strike long-term deals with foreign suppliers because such deals are usually far from …

12. The EC proposes to split those “national champions” into …

13. A more diverse range of suppliers would guarantee …in the European gas market.

14. The realization of carbon emissions reduction would require the promotion of cleaner cars, a better emissions-trading system, wider use of public transport and more use of … of energy.