如何進(jìn)行雅思精讀
雅思精讀，你真的知道該怎樣做么，一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
雅思精讀，你真的知道該怎樣做么
近日有學(xué)生向我反映：“老師，我發(fā)現(xiàn)最近練了十篇左右的精讀之后，閱讀速度和做題速度提高了不少。”我告訴她，“閱讀技巧只是錦上添花，精讀才是真正的雪中送炭?！逼鋵?shí)無(wú)論是英文、中文還是其他語(yǔ)言，只有靠閱讀量的日積月累，才能真正的提高閱讀能力。那么，精讀有什么方法，怎樣做才能提高精讀效率呢?
精讀是需要慢工出細(xì)活的，將地道的雅思文章分析到位，不僅提高了自己的詞匯量和長(zhǎng)句分析能力，更對(duì)自己寫(xiě)作的布局謀篇也有著顯著的輔助作用。下面我們將對(duì)如何精讀做出詳盡的解釋。
一、精讀時(shí)間
精讀一定是在按照考試規(guī)定時(shí)間做完一篇文章或套題并核對(duì)完答案之后才可進(jìn)行的工作。
二、精讀必備物品
紙質(zhì)版劍橋教材、鉛筆、熒光筆、筆記本。
三、精讀內(nèi)容之——詞
對(duì)于很多同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，雅思文章中的生詞是心中永遠(yuǎn)的痛。大家可將句子中不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞，用熒光筆在原文中勾畫(huà)出，同時(shí)在生詞旁邊標(biāo)上序號(hào)，按照1、2、3順次排列下去。
在借助字典或電子詞典查閱生詞之前我們需要做如下工作：
1. 判斷是否可以通過(guò)上下文的時(shí)態(tài)、邏輯關(guān)系或詞根、詞綴猜測(cè)出生詞的意思;
2. 如果不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞，是否會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響對(duì)整個(gè)句子意思的把握——如果會(huì)影響對(duì)整個(gè)句子意思的把握，那么這個(gè)詞一定要認(rèn)識(shí);但如果不影響理解句意，那可根據(jù)自己的時(shí)間安排選擇是否識(shí)別記憶該單詞。
在考試中，我們是沒(méi)有任何外部工具用來(lái)查找單詞的。因此這兩個(gè)步驟不僅可以幫助我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中練習(xí)和掌握猜詞的方法和節(jié)奏，還可以緩和對(duì)于生詞的恐懼心理。
四、精讀內(nèi)容之——句
對(duì)于很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)，雅思閱讀的句子不僅生詞多而且長(zhǎng)度也很壯觀，經(jīng)常搞不清楚句子中誰(shuí)是什么成分、誰(shuí)在修飾誰(shuí)，覺(jué)得句子很難讀懂。其實(shí)一切都沒(méi)有大家想得那么難，對(duì)于句子的把握主要是盡力讀懂句子主干。雅思閱讀對(duì)于語(yǔ)法的考查完全不同于高中英語(yǔ)，不是讓你在which\in which\who \that中做出選擇，所以請(qǐng)化繁為簡(jiǎn)，讀懂句子先從抓句子最簡(jiǎn)主干開(kāi)始，就是搞清：誰(shuí)，做了什么，這就是最簡(jiǎn)單的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。在主謂兩個(gè)成分中，最好尋找的是謂語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)是由動(dòng)詞組成的。請(qǐng)大家記住謂語(yǔ)的“三姨太”：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)。找到了這三位“姨太”，一個(gè)句子的主框架就基本清晰了起來(lái)。
五、精讀內(nèi)容之——篇
當(dāng)詞、句被我們逐一攻堅(jiān)之后，最后的重點(diǎn)就落在了段落、篇章上。當(dāng)把每一句的意思讀懂之后，可以劃出段落的主題句，最后縱觀文章的全部段落，體會(huì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。日積月累之后，會(huì)漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)并掌握雅思閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu)和段落結(jié)構(gòu)的規(guī)律。
例如實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明型的文章。作者圍繞實(shí)驗(yàn)展開(kāi)討論。先介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹l件準(zhǔn)備和設(shè)置，接著描述實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程，然后預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果，隨后再揭示真實(shí)結(jié)果，如果和預(yù)測(cè)相同，則分析原因;如果和預(yù)測(cè)不符，分析原因并且進(jìn)行深一步討論。
我們用劍五第二篇Nature or Nurture 來(lái)舉例。首段作者交代實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?，研究人們是否?duì)leader的指示會(huì)無(wú)條件遵循;第二段介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置——用電擊來(lái)懲罰犯錯(cuò)學(xué)生;下一段是全部實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)程;第四段，預(yù)測(cè)沒(méi)人會(huì)實(shí)施到450伏的電擊;第五段，揭示真實(shí)結(jié)果，超過(guò)60%的參與者都實(shí)施了450伏電擊;后面三段對(duì)animal aggression instinct和social environment 這兩個(gè)原因進(jìn)行分析;最后一段，作者并未給出結(jié)論，只是提出This is the problem of modern sociobiology。
我們通過(guò)抓每段的段落主旨，不只是了解了文章的段落布局，更會(huì)為我們解決雅思兩大超難題型---list of heading &段落信息匹配助一臂之力。
六、精讀內(nèi)容之——題
題目是考生拿分的關(guān)鍵。在精讀階段，我們可以再次細(xì)讀題目，并將題目翻譯出來(lái)。然后就是最關(guān)鍵的一步------總結(jié)同義替換，即將題目中的詞匯與在文章中所對(duì)應(yīng)的替換點(diǎn)全部找出，并記錄在筆記本上。
很多學(xué)員說(shuō)精讀是一件太勞神的事兒，其實(shí)我們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論在學(xué)習(xí)中還是在生活中，越是勞神的事兒就越對(duì)我們幫助很大嗎?剛開(kāi)始練習(xí)精讀的學(xué)員們不要急于求成，每天精讀3-4個(gè)自然段即可，慢慢積累。精讀的習(xí)慣一旦養(yǎng)成，并堅(jiān)持下去，你會(huì)明顯感覺(jué)到自己的詞匯量在上升、自己對(duì)句子如何斷句的敏感度在提高、自己的閱讀速度在迅猛增長(zhǎng)，做題的正確率和速度自然也是隨之提升。
以上就是精讀的一些方法和技巧，希望對(duì)備戰(zhàn)雅思的你有幫助，新東方祝大家考試順利，夢(mèng)想成真。
雅思閱讀：四步搞定選詞類(lèi)Summary考題
先來(lái)看一個(gè)雅思閱讀中的經(jīng)典題目。
標(biāo)題：GREYING POPULATION STAYS IN THE PINK
題型分布：選詞summary--句子配對(duì)題(題型種類(lèi)少，填空題目多達(dá)9題，可以按照本題順序做)
解題步驟：
一、審題
(1) 題目提醒(無(wú)提示考察哪些段落)
(2) 小標(biāo)題(無(wú)小標(biāo)題提示考察內(nèi)容)
(3) 題型順序(首個(gè)題型，數(shù)目多，按照首段順序讀)
二、解題
(1) 選項(xiàng)詞性/褒貶分組
選項(xiàng)詞性既有名詞，又有形容詞，更有doing結(jié)構(gòu)。而且，有兩組反義詞falling、 increasing，earlier、 later，可分別為同一空的備用選項(xiàng)。
(2) 預(yù)判
對(duì)于Q14的詞性及色彩預(yù)判難點(diǎn)在于判斷首個(gè)空前is的真正主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)。這里涉及到長(zhǎng)難句分析，采用括號(hào)法將句子中的修飾成分去掉，我們抽出的句子主干如下：Research ( carried out by scientists in the United States ) has shown that the proportion ( of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems ) is ______ 這里面我們總結(jié)出一個(gè)修飾結(jié)構(gòu)sth./sb. + ( doing sth. / done by sth. / 介詞+名詞)，括號(hào)內(nèi)的部分都是修飾性結(jié)構(gòu)，我們真正關(guān)注的是這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面的名詞。去掉括號(hào)內(nèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要的答案其實(shí)在這樣一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中 proportion is _________ 。能力比較強(qiáng)的同學(xué)其實(shí)還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)14、15、16空含有并列結(jié)構(gòu) and和also，句子色彩是保持一致的。
(3) 定位
第一句話(huà)題干中有United States和65作為顯性定位詞，而且從首段讀開(kāi)始讀符合常理。通過(guò)預(yù)判尋找proportion 或其替換詞。原文第2段含有結(jié)構(gòu) smaller proportion滿(mǎn)足了要求，其他部分也與剛剛劃出的括號(hào)內(nèi)的結(jié)構(gòu)有對(duì)應(yīng)。
(4) 解題
Q14中詞庫(kù)中falling 對(duì) smaller 做了替換，即為答案，反映出老年人患病人口減少的情況。Q15與之用and并列，表示這種speed如何，根據(jù)并列結(jié)構(gòu)‘結(jié)構(gòu)相同，色彩一致’的原則，選increasing 問(wèn)題不大。原文中rate 與speed 對(duì)應(yīng)，rate (at which these diseases are declining )continues to accelerate. 注意括號(hào)法的使用，即使考鴨們不熟悉accelerate(加速),根據(jù) continue 代表動(dòng)作的持續(xù)加之與前面內(nèi)容色彩一致,increasing依舊為答案。Q16通過(guò)than的出現(xiàn)判斷此空為比較級(jí)，earlier, later, more都符合，題目中 be donging及in the past 的出現(xiàn)表明在進(jìn)行今昔對(duì)比。根據(jù)色彩一致性，疾病應(yīng)該對(duì)老年人影響越來(lái)越晚為好。文章中第3段最后一句通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)比較給出了答案即later。
Q17、Q18中間用到了but銜接，難度并不大，答案依次為M 、J。需要指出的是Q19 Q20同樣適用了并列結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是Q19答案詞性并不是常見(jiàn)的to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)我剛剛提到的并列的兩部分‘結(jié)構(gòu)相同’的原則，可知Q19為與changes并列的名詞。Q19 Q20 答案依次為N 、K。而需要指出的是Q21不少考鴨容易誤選independent, 是因?yàn)楹鲆暳藃eduction 這種表示色彩正負(fù)的關(guān)鍵詞的提示，原文與之對(duì)應(yīng)的為第7段的drop。所以，會(huì)順利選出G。最后，Q22所在句子本身定位不明顯，但有明顯的比較級(jí)less做定位，回到原文第7段尾句，我們找到了答案financial burden 替換為cost。
總結(jié):
題目的本身解析如上，但我們更希望做到舉一反三，為各位考鴨總結(jié)出本題涉及到的兩個(gè)主要考點(diǎn)并列關(guān)系及比較結(jié)構(gòu)(涉及到的轉(zhuǎn)折及因果關(guān)系以后有機(jī)會(huì)再作分享)。
1. 并列
1)and, or, as well as, not only ... but (also)... , both ... and ... , either ... or ... , neither ... nor ...
2)also, as well, too
3)in addition to ... , apart from ...
4)one ... another... , some ... others ...
5)多逗號(hào)結(jié)構(gòu)
6)分號(hào)并列結(jié)構(gòu)
2. 比較
1)比較級(jí) -er, more, less
2)數(shù)據(jù)比較
3)詞匯
A. increase, rise, grow, climb, go up, soar, surge, improve
B. decrease, fall, drop, dip, decline, plunge, lessen, reduce (reduction), cut
C. the same as, be similar to, as ... as
雅思閱讀全真練習(xí)系列：Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty
A. After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.
B. There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.
C. The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.
D. In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of European unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.
E. According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.
F. The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.
G. That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.
H. The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.
Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this
1.After years’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.
2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.
3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.
4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.
5.French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.
6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.
Questions 7-10 Complet the following sentencces.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.
7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.
8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.
9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.
10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.
Questions 11-14 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.
A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.
B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.
C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.
D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.
12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.
A. stopped completely.
B. pushed strongly.
C. motivated wholely.
D. impeded totally.
13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.
A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.
B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.
C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.
D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.
14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, because
A. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..
B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.
C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.
D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.
Notes to the Reading Passage
1. pan-Enropean
pan-: 前綴：全，總，泛
pan-African 全/泛非洲的(運(yùn)動(dòng))
pan-Enropean全/泛歐的(機(jī)構(gòu)建設(shè))
2. outstrip
超越，勝過(guò)，超過(guò)，優(yōu)于
Material development outstripped human development”“物質(zhì)的發(fā)展超過(guò)了人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步”
3. ebb
回落跌落;衰退或消減
The tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。
4. Machiavelli
馬基雅維利，尼克爾1469-1527意大利政治理論家，他的著作君主論(1513年)闡述了一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的統(tǒng)治者不顧道德觀念的約束如何獲得并保持其權(quán)力。
文章中意為“任何一個(gè)人都可以看到，顯而易見(jiàn)。。?！?。
5. hey presto
突然地;立即(魔術(shù)師用語(yǔ))您看，變!
6. upshot
結(jié)果;結(jié)局
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