雅思閱讀速度提升攻略
雅思閱讀的高分從來(lái)都不是只來(lái)自于正確率，而應(yīng)該是正確率與速度的結(jié)合。雅思閱讀速度不提升是沒(méi)有可能拿到高分的，只有正確率卻做不完題目，肯定會(huì)在考試中因?yàn)闀r(shí)間關(guān)系而胡亂去蒙一些題，這樣如何取得高分呢?
雅思閱讀速度提升攻略 不提速何來(lái)閱讀高分?
備考雅思閱讀的時(shí)候，有的同學(xué)覺(jué)得速度提升其實(shí)并不重要，因?yàn)殚喿x題目是根據(jù)問(wèn)題找答案，并不需要通篇讀文章，可事實(shí)情況真的如此嗎?雅思閱讀雖然可以直接從題目入手做題，但是如果不能快速理解題目對(duì)應(yīng)的文章內(nèi)容依然無(wú)法快速將題目做出，由此可見(jiàn)，雅思閱讀速度提升勢(shì)在必行。
一. 雅思閱讀速度提升必要性
雅思閱讀題目類型有很多，比如選擇題、判斷題、填空題、段落標(biāo)題類題目等等，一些考察細(xì)節(jié)的題目可以快速定位文章找答案，比如填空題和判斷題，但是還有一些總結(jié)類的題目是要把握通篇文章或者段落的主旨大意，而且即便是細(xì)節(jié)題也需要大家提升閱讀理解的速度，這樣才確保在20分鐘內(nèi)完成所有題目，所以雅思閱讀速度提升很有必要。
二. 雅思閱讀速度提升攻略
1. 泛讀時(shí)有意識(shí)地提速
雅思閱讀練習(xí)的過(guò)程中，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)做泛讀練習(xí)，如果大家做泛讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候刻意提速，慢慢地閱讀速度也會(huì)得到提升。同學(xué)們選擇的泛讀材料大部分是一些國(guó)外的報(bào)刊和雜志，讀文章的時(shí)候不需要摳字眼，一字一句地讀，只要能讀懂內(nèi)容，把握大意即可。
2. 做題時(shí)卡時(shí)間
沒(méi)有參加過(guò)雅思考試的同學(xué)對(duì)于雅思閱讀考試時(shí)間的緊張感并不了解，平時(shí)做閱讀的時(shí)候多半只關(guān)注正確率，不看做題時(shí)間。建議大家在平時(shí)做閱讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候嚴(yán)格按照考試時(shí)間要求自己，20分鐘內(nèi)必須完成一篇，培養(yǎng)閱讀中緊迫感，也能鍛煉提升大家的閱讀和做題速度。
3. 不要糾結(jié)生詞
雅思閱讀本身難度較高，所以閱讀中遇到生詞也屬正常，建議大家不要因?yàn)槲恼轮幸粌蓚€(gè)生詞停滯不前，如果遇到不影響理解的生詞直接略過(guò)，如果有影響，那就快速結(jié)合上下文去猜測(cè)詞義，能猜則猜，猜不出來(lái)也不要糾結(jié)直接繼續(xù)往下讀。
4. 掌握做題技巧
雅思閱讀速度提升也要提升做題的速度，閱讀中包含了很多類題目，大家在平時(shí)備考中除了提升理解力和閱讀速度外，也要掌握各類題目的做題技巧，學(xué)會(huì)找題目中關(guān)鍵詞并能用關(guān)鍵詞快速定位文章信息，這樣才能確保在要求時(shí)間內(nèi)完成所有題目。
雅思閱讀速度不提升何來(lái)閱讀高分?大家在備考雅思閱讀的時(shí)候要有意識(shí)地去提升閱讀速度，建議大家提升泛讀速度，做練習(xí)題的時(shí)候注意卡時(shí)間，閱讀文章遇到生詞不要太過(guò)糾結(jié)，不影響理解的情況下直接略過(guò)，最后，還要注意掌握一些做題技巧，確保20分鐘內(nèi)能完成一篇閱讀。
雅思考試閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1.A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is.Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended.Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2.At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology，set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct.The idea is that，if a certain product is seen to be popular，shoppers are likely to choose it too.The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3.Enter smart-cart technology.In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer.As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.
4.Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought.The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work，and testing will get under way in the spring.
5.Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way.Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs.The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd.When the songs were not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6.In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly.Icosystem，a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts，also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7.And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet.Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage.Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1.Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2.In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3.According to Mr.Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon，a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4.On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5.If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high，other customers tend to follow them.
6.Using the “swarm-moves” model，shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7.Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8.People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9.Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10.People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11.Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12.Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys:
1.答案：(freshly baked) bread.(第1段第2行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2.答案：expensive.(第1段第4行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3.答案：impulse buying.(第2段第1句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4.答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products.(第2段第2句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5.答案：screen.(第3段第4行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product.If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.)
6.答案：discounts.(第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7.答案：NO.(第4段第3、4句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd，and testing will get under way in the spring.短語(yǔ) “get under way”的意思是“開(kāi)始進(jìn)行”，在Wal-Mart的試驗(yàn)要等到春天才開(kāi)始)
8.答案：NOT GIVEN.(在文中沒(méi)有提及該信息)
9.答案：YES。(第5段第3句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded，they followed the crowd.)
10.答案：NO。(第5段最后兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced.People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.pronounced的詞義是“顯著的、明顯的”)
11.答案：YES。(第6段第1句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12.答案：YES。(最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.home應(yīng)該算是everyday life的一部分)
雅思考試閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
The Triumph of Unreason
A.Neoclassical economics is built on the assumption that humans are rational beings who have a clear idea of their best interests and strive to extract maximum benefit (or “utility”, in economist-speak) from any situation.Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational.But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.
B.The role of emotions in decisions makes perfect sense.For situations met frequently in the past, such as obtaining food and mates, and confronting or fleeing from threats, the neural mechanisms required to weigh up the pros and cons will have been honed by evolution to produce an optimal outcome.Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.But does this still apply when the ancestral machinery has to respond to the stimuli of urban modernity?
C.One of the people who thinks that it does not is George Loewenstein, an economist at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh.In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.To prove the point he has teamed up with two psychologists, Brian Knutson of Stanford University and Drazen Prelec of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to look at what happens in the brain when it is deciding what to buy.
D.In a study, the three researchers asked 26 volunteers to decide whether to buy a series of products such as a box of chocolates or a DVD of the television show that were flashed on a computer screen one after another.In each round of the task, the researchers first presented the product and then its price, with each step lasting four seconds.In the final stage, which also lasted four seconds, they asked the volunteers to make up their minds.While the volunteers were taking part in the experiment, the researchers scanned their brains using a technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).This measures blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain, as an indication of its activity.
E.The researchers found that different parts of the brain were involved at different stages of the test.The nucleus accumbens was the most active part when a product was being displayed.Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.
F.When the price appeared, however, fMRI reported more activity in other parts of the brain.Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.The researchers also found greater activity in this region of the brain when the subject decided not to purchase an item.
G.Price information activated the medial prefrontal cortex, too.This part of the brain is involved in rational calculation.In the experiment its activity seemed to correlate with a volunteer's reaction to both product and price, rather than to price alone.Thus, the sense of a good bargain evoked higher activity levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and this often preceded a decision to buy.
H.People's shopping behaviour therefore seems to have piggy-backed on old neural circuits evolved for anticipation of reward and the avoidance of hazards.What Dr Loewenstein found interesting was the separation of the assessment of the product (which seems to be associated with the nucleus accumbens) from the assessment of its price (associated with the insular cortex), even though the two are then synthesised in the prefrontal cortex.His hypothesis is that rather than weighing the present good against future alternatives, as orthodox economics suggests happens, people actually balance the immediate pleasure of the prospective possession of a product with the immediate pain of paying for it.
I.That makes perfect sense as an evolved mechanism for trading.If one useful object is being traded for another (hard cash in modern time), the future utility of what is being given up is embedded in the object being traded.Emotion is as capable of assigning such a value as reason.Buying on credit, though, may be different.The abstract nature of credit cards, coupled with the deferment of payment that they promise, may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
J.Whether it actually does so will be the subject of further experiments that the three researchers are now designing.These will test whether people with distinctly different spending behaviour, such as miserliness and extravagance, experience different amounts of pain in response to prices.They will also assess whether, in the same individuals, buying with credit cards eases the pain compared with paying by cash.If they find that it does, then credit cards may have to join the list of things such as fatty and sugary foods, and recreational drugs, that subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable at the time but can have a long and malign aftertaste.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about thisf1.The belief of neoclassical economics does not accord with the increasing evidence that humans make use of the emotions to make decisions.
2.Animals are urged by emotion to strive for an optimal outcomes or extract maximum utility from any situation.
3.George Loewenstein thinks that modern ways of shopping tend to allow people to accumulate their debts.
4.The more active the nucleus accumens was, the stronger the desire of people for the product in question became.
5.The prefrontal cortex of the human brain is linked to monetary loss and the viewing of upsetting pictures.
6.When the activity in nucleus accumbens was increased by the sense of a good bargain, people tended to purchase coffee.
Questions 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-9 on your answe sheet.
7.Which of the following statements about orthodox economics is true?
A.The process which people make their decisions is rational.
B.People have a clear idea of their best interests in any situation.
C.Humans make judgement on the basis of reason rather then emotion.
D.People weigh the present good against future alternatives in shopping.
8.The word “miserliness” in line 3 of Paragraph J means__________.
A.people's behavior of buying luxurious goods
B.people's behavior of buying very special items
C.people's behavior of being very mean in shopping
D.people's behavior of being very generous in shopping
9.The three researchers are now designing the future experiments, which test
A.whether people with very different spending behaviour experience different amounts of pain in response to products.
B.whether buying an item with credit cards eases the pain of the same individuals compared with paying for it by cash.
C.whether the abstract nature of credit cards may modulate the “con” side of the calculation in favour of the “pro”.
D.whether the credit cards may subvert human instincts in ways that seem pleasurable but with a terrible effect.
Questions 10-13
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
To find what happens in the brain of humans when it is deciding things to buy, George Loewenstein and his co-researchers did an experiment by using the technique of fMRI.They found that different parts of the brain were invloved in the process.The activity in ( 10 ) was greatly increased with the displaying of certain product.The great activity was found in the insular cortex when ( 11 )and the subject decided not to buy a product.The activity of the medial prefrontal cortex seemed to associate with both ( 12 )informaiton.What interested Dr Loewenstein was the ( 13 ) of the assessment of the product and its price in different parts of the brain.
Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1.the nucleus accumbens, the insular cortex, and the medial prefrontal cortex:
大腦的不同部位 (皮層，皮質(zhì)等)
e.g.cerebellar cortex 小腦皮層cerebral cortex 大腦皮層
2.hone:
珩磨，磨快，磨練，訓(xùn)練使。。。更完美或有效.
3.subvert:
毀滅，破壞;摧毀：
4.piggyback：
騎在肩上;在肩上騎
5.deferment:
推遲、延遲、分期付款
6.aftertaste:
余味，回味事情或經(jīng)歷結(jié)束后的感覺(jué)，特指令人不快的感覺(jué)
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13
1. TRUE
See the second and third sentence in Paragraph A “Neoclassical economics assumes that the process of decision-making is rational.But that contradicts growing evidence that decision-making draws on the emotions—even when reason is clearly involved.”
2. TRUE
See the third sentence in Paragrph B “ Since emotion is the mechanism by which animals are prodded towards such outcomes, evolutionary and economic theory predict the same practical consequences for utility in these cases.”
3.FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph C “In particular, he suspects that modern shopping has subverted the decision-making machinery in a way that encourages people to run up debt.”
4.TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragrph E “Moreover, the level of its activity correlated with the reported desirability of the product in question.”
5.FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragrph F and G respectively “Excessively high prices increased activity in the insular cortex, a brain region linked to expectations of pain, monetary loss and the view
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2.高考零分作文
雅思閱讀速度提升攻略
