雅思閱讀目標(biāo)分6分的復(fù)習(xí)建議
今天我們?yōu)榇蠹艺砹搜潘奸喿x6分目標(biāo)的復(fù)習(xí)建議，供考生們參考，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
雅思閱讀 目標(biāo)分6分的復(fù)習(xí)建議
很多準(zhǔn)備到海外讀語言、預(yù)科或是對(duì)雅思分?jǐn)?shù)要求不高的準(zhǔn)留學(xué)生，都有著一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，那就是時(shí)間比較緊迫且對(duì)雅思分?jǐn)?shù)要求并不是很高，比如雅思6分。這里就和大家分享雅思閱讀的做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
首先，我建議同學(xué)們不要上完輔導(dǎo)班就去參加考試。雖有趁熱打鐵之說，但是我相信絕大部分同學(xué)在上課期間已經(jīng)把大部分的精力用于聽講和記筆記了，回家之后基本上就直奔安樂窩了。能夠當(dāng)天及時(shí)總結(jié)、整理課堂筆記并配以相應(yīng)練習(xí)的同學(xué)的確是少之又少，而且這樣也不現(xiàn)實(shí)，畢竟第二天還有大量的內(nèi)容等待著同學(xué)們?nèi)ヱ雎牶陀涗洝?/p>
所以，上完輔導(dǎo)班就去參加考試意義不大。那么怎么辦呢?我個(gè)人建議在上完輔導(dǎo)班之后要拿出幾天的時(shí)間來重新回顧一下課堂上老師所講述的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，很好地整理一下自己的課堂筆記，安靜地捋一捋自己的思路。之后，要給予自己一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來消化和驗(yàn)證各種題型的特點(diǎn)和老師所給出的各類題型的解題思路與技巧。這個(gè)時(shí)間我個(gè)人建議至少要用一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
其次，就是要從整體上把握雅思閱讀各類題型特點(diǎn)。我們說知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆就是這個(gè)道理。只有對(duì)各個(gè)題型的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行深入地了解，才能對(duì)各個(gè)題型可能出現(xiàn)的問題應(yīng)對(duì)自如。比如說，在搭配題當(dāng)中，盡管題目與選項(xiàng)是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，但是這并不妨礙有的選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)被多次使用的情況發(fā)生。有的同學(xué)在做這種題目時(shí)，認(rèn)為所給的選項(xiàng)是都要被用到的，所以才會(huì)出現(xiàn)了一道題目對(duì)應(yīng)多個(gè)選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤答案。這就是對(duì)題目特點(diǎn)沒有做到清晰了解所引發(fā)的后果。再比如說，有小標(biāo)題匹配題的文章都是在文章之前放置該題型，真正的行文放在了該題的后面。在所有雅思閱讀的考題中只有這一種情況是“題目在前，文章在后”的。不了解題目特點(diǎn)的同學(xué)往往在看完題目之后就去看上一篇文章，所以怎么讀都找不到答案。
再次，就是要對(duì)各題型的解題思路和技巧進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。所謂解題思路和技巧就是針對(duì)不同題型的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納、總結(jié)得出來的。不同的題型有不同的解題思路和技巧，對(duì)癥下藥方可藥到病除。在TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN這個(gè)題型當(dāng)中，有一種情況屬于題型內(nèi)部較難的一種，那就是歸納總結(jié)型的TRUE題。
比如說，劍5當(dāng)中69頁的第21題(Stanley found that the levels of sediment in the river water in Cairo were relatively high。) ，在原文當(dāng)中的說法是Daniel Jean Stanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo, just before the river enters the delta, indicated that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic meter of water – almost half of what it carried before the dams were built。
粗略一讀，很難讀出原文中有關(guān)sediment相對(duì)較高的陳述，但是仔細(xì)一看會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中的almost一詞便是這句話的點(diǎn)睛之筆。這就是通過副詞來判斷作者的感情色彩和語氣(開羅地區(qū)河水?dāng)y帶泥沙的沉積量幾乎是大壩修筑之前河水?dāng)y帶泥沙沉積量的一半)。在Summary的題型當(dāng)中，有一種是選擇填空式的總結(jié)摘要題，這種類型的出現(xiàn)也有它特有的解題技巧，特別是在考試時(shí)間比較緊的情況下運(yùn)用，還是有一定規(guī)律性可循的。
比如劍5當(dāng)中28頁的第38-40題，這段話對(duì)原文的歸納總結(jié)程度相當(dāng)高，對(duì)于文字功底一般的同學(xué)來說就算是讀懂了文章也很難全部做對(duì)。但是我們不妨這樣設(shè)想，既然是選擇式的答案，就說明答案一定就在題目下方的列表當(dāng)中，而且我們應(yīng)該本著這樣的信念：中國人說人話，老毛子他們也不說鳥語。他們的話也一定符合語言習(xí)慣和邏輯思維。那我們干脆就用選項(xiàng)直接往題目當(dāng)中套，凡是符合條件的十有八九就是答案。
在5.5分的水平當(dāng)中，絕大部分同學(xué)動(dòng)能做到不看文章直接做題，達(dá)到3對(duì)2的命中率，最后一個(gè)空還是因?yàn)閡rgent那個(gè)單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，不敢填所造成的。這樣的正確率本身就說明對(duì)待這種題型所使用的非一般方法是有一定的科學(xué)性的，也是有一定的效果的。當(dāng)然，這并不是說所有的題型都可以這樣對(duì)待，在這里只是舉例說明不同的題型會(huì)有不同的解題方法和技巧。
最后，就是要在熟悉題型和解題思路的基礎(chǔ)上提高熟練度的問題，同學(xué)們在考場上對(duì)各種題型嫻熟的應(yīng)對(duì)也不是一朝一夕的事情。
在這個(gè)階段同學(xué)們就是要把劍橋大學(xué)出版的雅思真本反復(fù)的練習(xí)，反復(fù)的研讀。題目做錯(cuò)不可怕，怕就怕對(duì)完答案之后草草收?qǐng)?。一定要仔?xì)揣摩作者的出題思路和題目中的考點(diǎn)，特別是TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN題，看看自己錯(cuò)在什么地方了，為什么錯(cuò)，作者的出題思路是怎樣的，題目中或原文中的哪些詞是題眼性的詞……等等。這樣一來二回，幾個(gè)回合下來之后既鞏固了自身對(duì)各題型題目特點(diǎn)和解題技巧的印象，又提高了做題的熟練度，可謂一石二鳥。有了這樣的基礎(chǔ)，再針對(duì)個(gè)人不同的情況進(jìn)行富有針對(duì)性的加強(qiáng)與改善，雅思閱讀考試就不再是高不可攀的難事了。
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is, how ants, bees or any social animal, including humans, behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information, and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is, the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could, indeed, be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem, a company in Cambridge, Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
From The Economist print edition
How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales
1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.
2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.
3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.
4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.
5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.
6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.
7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.
2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.
3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.
4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.
5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.
6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.
Questions 7-12
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write
YES if the statement agrees with the information
NO if the statement contraicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage
7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.
8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.
9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.
10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.
11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.
12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.
Answer keys：
1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)
2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)
3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)
4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)
5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)
6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)
7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短語 “get under way”的意思是“開始進(jìn)行”，在Wal-Mart的試驗(yàn)要等到春天才開始)
8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中沒有提及該信息)
9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)
10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后兩句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的詞義是“顯著的、明顯的”)
11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)
12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home應(yīng)該算是everyday life的一部分
