雅思閱讀備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享
雅思閱讀到底怎么做?按照以前學(xué)校英語老師教的方法還是網(wǎng)絡(luò)各種經(jīng)驗(yàn)資料呢?本文我們和大家分享過來人的雅思閱讀經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一起來看!
雅思閱讀 過來人告訴你八大經(jīng)驗(yàn)
1、基礎(chǔ)差不要緊，通過做劍橋雅思真題系列，聽老師講技巧分析就能提高閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)
這個(gè)不能說全錯(cuò)。就看你的分?jǐn)?shù)要求，如果你只需要4分或5分，可以說純技巧能保證做到。但如果你要7分或8分甚至更高，單靠技巧絕對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)不了。眾多雅思閱讀高分得主的秘訣不僅僅在于解題技巧，更重要的是英語水平和閱讀技能的同時(shí)提高。
想在短時(shí)間內(nèi)在閱讀上拿到7分以上的分?jǐn)?shù)，那么就必須進(jìn)行集中式的單詞背誦。基礎(chǔ)差的同學(xué)先可以按照順序分別背誦高考詞匯、大學(xué)四級(jí)詞匯和六級(jí)詞匯。這些都是咱們欠下的債，從哪里跌倒就從哪里爬起，查漏補(bǔ)缺，通過技巧和技能的完美提高，才是雅思閱讀考試的最終目的。
2、劍橋真題都是很多年以前的考題，不必花很多時(shí)間鉆研
劍橋真題確實(shí)是很多年以前的老題，但是既然這么大規(guī)模的出版發(fā)售就肯定對(duì)雅思考試是有指導(dǎo)意義的。有同學(xué)花一周時(shí)間就把劍橋真題全做完了，統(tǒng)計(jì)正確個(gè)數(shù)，預(yù)測(cè)分?jǐn)?shù)，就把題甩在一邊。
題目其實(shí)就好比是一個(gè)病人去看病的時(shí)候使用的體溫計(jì)，只能反映病人的體溫，并不能幫助治療。做題本身只能檢測(cè)自己的英語水平，但如果不對(duì)癥下藥，做再多的題目也是無濟(jì)于事的。
所以，做完的題目都要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，看一下多少屬于因詞匯量不夠而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤，多少是因?yàn)檎Z法結(jié)構(gòu)，讀不懂長難句而造成的錯(cuò)誤，多少是由于閱讀技巧導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤。
如果前兩者的錯(cuò)誤居多，那么就說明你需要提高你的詞匯和語法基礎(chǔ)了。復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候建議你按照題型分別進(jìn)行，一方面鞏固題型技巧，一方面通過把題目所在的原文進(jìn)行精讀，補(bǔ)充自己的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。劍橋真題雖然是已經(jīng)淘汰的文章，但是其思路結(jié)構(gòu)，解題技巧和現(xiàn)在考試是一致的，也是大家復(fù)習(xí)雅思首選材料。
3、閱讀就是要使勁做題，做題量決定考試成績
很多同學(xué)在復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候喜歡做一些市面上很火的模擬題，有同學(xué)能把模擬題做得幾乎全對(duì)，而遇到真實(shí)考試卻遭遇滑鐵盧。
建議烤鴨們還是要以劍橋真題系列為主，不要僅僅滿足把題做對(duì)，更要花功夫理解跟解題相關(guān)的句子，對(duì)于層次高的同學(xué)希望大家能歸納下真題文章每段大意，這也是眾多閱讀單科8分以上同學(xué)共享的秘方。
每次閱讀考試都有些題很難做，所以復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)關(guān)注此類難題。雅思閱讀每次考試都會(huì)有3到4個(gè)難度頗高的題目，這些題考查大家生僻的單詞，或者非常注重同學(xué)們的英語思維。大家不要過于學(xué)究，平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間不要花在偏題怪題上面，主心骨還是放在中等規(guī)范的題目中。
大家記住雅思考試考的是語言，區(qū)別于四六級(jí)考試和國內(nèi)的碩士研究生招生考試，題目的答案直接從文章的表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考。如果定位之后，思維要經(jīng)過山路十八彎，那大多時(shí)候就誤入歧途了。
4、雅思閱讀能力很難提高
閱讀能力取決于兩個(gè)層面：英語基本功和快速閱讀技能。雅思閱讀對(duì)于英語基本功的要求就是能夠勝任將來國外大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，其筆試的要求大致相當(dāng)于大學(xué)六級(jí)的水平。而快速閱讀技能要在打好英語基礎(chǔ)之上再進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。
雅思速度的主要技能概括起來是3個(gè)S: Survey, Skim和Scan.
Survey(瀏覽)就是在做文章之前進(jìn)行瀏覽，對(duì)文章主題進(jìn)行一個(gè)整體的把握，主要看一下題目、小標(biāo)題等;
Skim(略讀)需要你在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握句子或段落的內(nèi)容，這就需要你跳過一些東西。
Scan(掃讀)的能力就是在短時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速找出一個(gè)單詞在文章中位置的能力，這個(gè)能力完全可以靠自己或者培訓(xùn)中心訓(xùn)練來培養(yǎng)。
5、雅思閱讀就是找答案，只要背上數(shù)千單詞就可以考得高分
其實(shí)不然。之前有一個(gè)學(xué)生，詞匯量相當(dāng)大，有8000左右，寫作方面表現(xiàn)得很好，隨手就可以寫出6.5分水平的作文，但是，他的閱讀模擬測(cè)試卻從沒有超過5分，而且對(duì)閱讀課表現(xiàn)得很不耐煩，以為只要把單詞背完就行了。
雅思考試作為目前世界上最權(quán)威的英語能力測(cè)試之一，除了一定量的詞匯量，扎實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)，良好的語感和閱讀習(xí)慣，以及較快的閱讀速度，都是取得高分必不可少的因素。只有有了這些基礎(chǔ)，再輔以適當(dāng)練習(xí)，對(duì)雅思閱讀題型的熟悉和對(duì)時(shí)間的把握，才有把握取得較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
雅思考試對(duì)考生真實(shí)的英語閱讀能力考察的準(zhǔn)確性決定了它不是靠瞎猜或運(yùn)氣，或者是詞匯量大就可以考好的。建議廣大考生，踏踏實(shí)實(shí)地多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間和精力在閱讀本身上，當(dāng)考生的閱讀理解水平達(dá)到一定程度時(shí)，想不考高分都難。閱讀考試應(yīng)該按照題目設(shè)置順序完成。
一個(gè)小時(shí)完成三篇總計(jì)3000詞的文章，對(duì)于考生的速度要求頗高。做題不要嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)定的順序來。程度好的學(xué)生可以按照題號(hào)順序做題;差一點(diǎn)的應(yīng)按照難易程度進(jìn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)分?jǐn)?shù)的最大化。
雅思閱讀題型中，填空類別的題目通常最簡單，如：table/chart/diagram, summary, sentence completion, short answer questions等，可以先做。
選擇類的通常都較難，例如：T/F/NG, List of headings, Which paragraph contains the following information等，可以放到后面做。除此之外，烤鴨們還應(yīng)該選擇3篇文章中背景最熟悉的一篇先做，樹立做題信心，以提高文章的正確率。
6、List of headings這種題型只要找首末句就可以判斷
首末句為主題句的前提是文章遵循總分或分總結(jié)構(gòu)，但是英文文章總共有6鐘結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用此種方法做題的正確率只有三分之一。
總結(jié)段落大意題確實(shí)存在著一些難度，通過很多段落的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)做HEADING 題一個(gè)總的做題原則：精讀首句，一一對(duì)應(yīng)原則，即首先劃好題目的關(guān)鍵詞，再從每段第一句進(jìn)行閱讀，尋找題目關(guān)鍵詞和段落的一一對(duì)應(yīng)原則。如果第一句不能與題目對(duì)應(yīng)，則還須往后閱讀直到找到對(duì)應(yīng)為止。
HEADING題是雅思考試難度較大的一種題型，一般建議學(xué)生做題時(shí)先做細(xì)節(jié)題，把HEADING留最后，相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)信息對(duì)段落的理解有一定的幫助?？傊鯤EADING 題要有心理準(zhǔn)備，有的段落通過首末句即可斷定答案，有的段落需要讀到段落中部，有的段落則須從頭至尾進(jìn)行理解。
當(dāng)然，針對(duì)程度較差學(xué)生，理解段落確實(shí)存在著困難，我們還可通過重復(fù)法對(duì)段落大意進(jìn)行敲定，即如果一個(gè)段落中同一個(gè)詞或它的同義詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，我們可以選對(duì)應(yīng)的heading。
7、雅思閱讀的文章長，生詞又那么多，即使看懂文章，也不一定能做對(duì)題
這種想法應(yīng)該也是很多“烤鴨”們的一塊心病。我的看法是：如果看懂了文章卻沒做對(duì)題的話，那只能說明你沒有好好研究過題目。
任何考試都是有游戲規(guī)則的，只有遵循游戲規(guī)則的烤鴨才能最終修成正果。其實(shí)雅思閱讀題目比文章顯得更重要，因?yàn)轭}目不僅是出發(fā)點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是落腳點(diǎn)。因此，建議大家每次做雅思閱讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)先讀題目，再看文章。這樣就會(huì)更有針對(duì)性。
8、雅思閱讀是應(yīng)該先讀文章再讀問題
萬事萬物沒有絕對(duì)!我認(rèn)為如果考生的語言水平不錯(cuò)，那其實(shí)先讀文章和先讀題目差別不大，殊途同歸嘛～However，如果考生覺得自己的英語還有待提高，而又急著要考雅思的話，那么在做閱讀的時(shí)候還是先讀題目，劃出關(guān)鍵信息，然后再讀文章一一搜索信息。
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
Rogue theory of smell gets a boost
1. A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.
2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.
3. That's still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.
4. "This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticized."
5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular 'lock and key' process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body's detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.
6. But Turin argued that smell doesn't seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass).
7. Turin's explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule's shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.
8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin's mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.
9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham's colleague, Andrew Horsfield.
10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin's idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn't believe it". But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn't work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.
11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.
12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.
13. But Horsfield stresses that that's different from a proof of Turin's idea. "So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification. We're beginning to think about what experiments could be performed."
14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition." At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.
雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案
A.
When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004， the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining. One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti-globalisers’ favourite enemy operates.
B.
So far Mr Hennequin is doing well. Last year European sales increased by 5.8% and the number of customers by 3.4%， the best annual results in nearly 15 years. Europe accounted for 36% of the group’s profits and for 28% of its sales. December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly.
C
Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations， to be “l(fā)ocally relevant”， and to improve the experience of visiting his 6，400 restaurants. McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers， treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment and simply for being American. Mr Hennequin says he wants to engage in a dialogue with the public to address these concerns.
D.
He introduced “open door” visitor days in each country which became hugely popular. In Poland alone some 50，000 visitors came to McDonald’s through the visitors’ programme last year. The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.
E.
Mr Hennequin also wants people to know that “McJobs”， the low-paid menial jobs at McDonald’s restaurants， are much better than people think. But some of his efforts have backfired： last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union. Politicians accused the firm of a ploy to make cheap labour from eastern Europe more easily available to McDonald’s managers across the continent.
F.
To stay in touch with local needs and preferences， McDonald’s employs local bosses as much as possible. A Russian is running McDonald’s in Russia， though a Serb is in charge of Germany. The group buys mainly from local suppliers. Four-fifths of its supplies in France come from local farmers， for example. (Some of the French farmers who campaigned against the company in the late 1990s subsequently discovered that it was， in fact， buying their produce.) And it hires celebrities such as Heidi Klum， a German model， as local brand ambassadors.
G.
In his previous job Mr Hennequin established a “design studio” in France to spruce up his company’s drab restaurants and adapt the interior to local tastes. The studio is now masterminding improvements everywhere in Europe. He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends.
H.
Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market. But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America. The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France， but Britain.
I.
“Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS. Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America. The company suffers from the volatility of sales at its own restaurants， but can rely on steady income from franchisees. So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer.
J.
M.Mark Wiltamuth， an analyst at Morgan Stanley， estimates that European company-owned restaurants’ margins will increase slightly to 16.4% in 2007. This is still less than in the late 1990s and below America’s 18-19% today. But it is much better than before Mr Hennequin’s reign. He is already being tipped as the first European candidate for the group’s top job in Illinois. Nobody would call that a McJob.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1. McDonald was showing the sign of recovery in all European countries except France after Denis Hennequin took office as the boss of Euro-markets.
2. Starting from last year， detailed labels are put on McDonald’s packaging and detailed information is also printed on tray-liners.
3. France is said to be the most anti-American country in Europe， but the ideas of the “open door” visiting days and “McPassport” are invented in the French market.
4. Britain possesses the weakest McDonald market among European countries and approximately 1214 McDonald’s restaurants are company-owned.
5. According to David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS， David Hennequin should treat the problem about McDonald in Britain as the most important thing.
6. David Palmer suggested that the management of McDonalod in Italy should sell as many its outlets which lose money in business as possible for revival.
Questions 7-10
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 7-10 on your answe sheet.
7. The word “sterling” in line 3 of Paragraph A means__________.
A. difficult
B. menial
C. terrible
D. excellent
8. Which of the following statements on the accusation of MacDonald is NOT TRUE?
A. It tends to make people fat.
B. Its operations are very vague.
C. It tends to exploit workers.
D. It tends to treat animals cruelly.
9. Which of the following measures taken by Denis Hennequin produced undesired result?
A. “Food Studio” scheme.
B. “Open Door” visitor days.
C. The “McPassport” scheme.
D. The Nutrition Information Initiative.
10. What did Denis Hennequin do so as to respond to local trends?
A. set up a “Food Studio” .
B. established a “Design Studio”.
C. hired celebrities as local brand ambassadors.
D. employed local bosses as much as possible.
Questions 11-14
Complete each of the following statements (Questions 11-14) with words or number taken from Reading Passage 1.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.
11. After January 2004， McDonald was making improvement following a period of slump in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were ………………………….
12. Business of McDonald in France and Britain was particularly good in December since customers took to ……………………………..
13. Compared with other countries， France is McDonald’s ………………………. next to America.
14. ……………………. of McDonald’s restaurants in America are companied–owned and the figure is much lower than that in Britain. Part II
Notes to Reading Passage 1
1.sterling高質(zhì)量的
e.g. He has many sterling qualities. 他身上有許多優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)。
2. menial 不體面的， 乏味的(工作、職業(yè))
3. spruce up打扮整齊、漂亮、裝飾
4. mastermind指揮、謀劃(一個(gè)計(jì)劃或活動(dòng))
e.g. The police know who masterminded the robbery.警察知道是誰策劃了那次搶劫。
5. underperform表現(xiàn)不佳表現(xiàn)出低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作水平、企業(yè)出現(xiàn)虧本
Part III
Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-14
1. FALSE
See the second sentence in Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots. His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries…”.
2. TRUE
See the last sentence in Paragraph D “The Nutrition Information Initiative， launched last year， put detailed labels on McDonald’s packaging with data on calories， protein， fat， carbohydrates and salt content. The details are also printed on tray-liners.”
3. NOT GIVEN
See Paragraph D， E and H “Given France’s reputation as the most anti-American country in Europe， it seems odd that McDonald’s revival in Europe is being led by a Frenchman， using ideas cooked up in the French market.”.
4. FALSE
See the last sentence of Paragraph H and first sentence of Paragraph L “The market where McDonald’s is weakest in Europe is not France， but Britain…Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned…”
5. TRUE
See the first sentence of Paragraph I “Fixing Britain should be his priority，” says David Palmer， a restaurant analyst at UBS”.
6. NOT GIVEN
See the last sentence of Paragraph I “So it should sell as many underperforming outlets as possible， says Mr Palmer”.
7. D
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “One exception was France， where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots”.
8. B
See the second sentence of Paragraph D “McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat， exploiting workers， treating animals cruelly， polluting the environment”
9. C
See the second sentence of Paragraph E “But some of his efforts have backfired： last year he sparked a controversy with the introduction of a “McPassport” that allows McDonald’s employees to work anywhere in the European Union..”
10. A
See the last sentence of Paragraph G “He also set up a “food studio”， where cooks devise new recipes in response to local trends”.
11. sluggish or declining
See the first sentence of Paragraph A “When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004， the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia， but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.”
12. seasonal menu offerings
See the last sentence of Paragraph B “December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain， and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly”.
13.most profitable market
See the second sentence of Paragraph H “But France is in fact the company’s most profitable market after America”.
14. 15%
See the second sentence of Paragraph I “Almost two-thirds of the 1，214 McDonald’s restaurants in Britain are company-owned， compared with 40% in Europe and 15% in America”.
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