雅思A類閱讀備考攻略
雅思閱讀分為A類和G類兩大類,兩類閱讀題目不相同,準備出國留學的同學一般會選擇考A類雅思,閱讀題目自然也是A類。那雅思A類閱讀備考攻略應該如何制定呢?下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
雅思A類閱讀備考攻略丨A類閱讀精讀和泛讀攻略詳解
一. 雅思A類閱讀和G類閱讀區(qū)別
在探討備考攻略之前,我們先來簡單了解一下雅思A類閱讀和G類閱讀的區(qū)別。雅思A類考試是學術(shù)類考試,雅思G類考試是培訓類考試,兩者在閱讀版塊的考試是不一樣的,使用的試卷不同,另外閱讀題型也略有不同,但是考試時間和閱讀數(shù)量是一樣的。接下來,我們來一起來看看如何備考雅思A類閱讀。
二. 雅思A類閱讀如何備考
1. 一定要做精讀練習
備考雅思A類閱讀一定要做精讀練習。為什么?因為A類閱讀對大家閱讀能力要求較高,如果只是一味做題對于文章理解力提升幫助不大,而精讀練習可以幫助大家透徹理解文章,把握出題規(guī)律。
做精讀練習材料建議選擇劍雅真題,精讀練習中重點把握閱讀文章中的生詞、長難句和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。詞匯和長難句建議整理出來并記錄,方便以后隨時復習。至于文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)要重點把握因果段落和轉(zhuǎn)折段落,因為這兩類是雅思A類閱讀經(jīng)常出題的地方,一定要重點去讀,分析出題套路。
2. 泛讀練習讀什么
雅思閱讀還考察大家快速閱讀理解文章的能力,所以要做泛讀練習來提升自己的英文理解力和閱讀速度。泛讀的時候建議大家鍛煉自己跳讀和略讀能力,快速把握文章主旨和段落大意。泛讀材料可選的有很多,基本標準可參照雅思A類閱讀文章的難度,選讀一些國外原版的期刊雜志,如果實在找不到泛讀材料也可以使用雅思A類閱讀機經(jīng)做泛讀練習。雅思閱讀機經(jīng)是根據(jù)以往的閱讀考題總結(jié)出來的,總體上來文章難度與雅思A類閱讀相差不大,而機經(jīng)的備考價值遠比不上劍雅真題,所以可以用劍雅真題做精讀,用雅思閱讀機經(jīng)做泛讀練習。
雅思A類閱讀備考不僅要做好精讀練習,也要做好泛讀練習。精讀練習中重點把握生詞、長難句和文章結(jié)構(gòu);泛讀練習重點訓練自己的跳讀和略讀能力,確保在考試中能夠快速找到關鍵信息,快速理解文章和段落主旨。
雅思閱讀考試中的三大失分點
專家從眾多考生的考場實戰(zhàn)和考試心得發(fā)現(xiàn),成功的法則異曲同工,失誤的緣由各為迥異。誠然,如果我們希望一舉取得滿意的成績,歸納出大部分烤鴨的失分之處,對癥下藥則為上上策,如此一來,帶著全面完善的攻略上考場,自然將各種問題迎刃而解,水到渠成。
失分點一:遇到生詞,束手無策,無法正常進行閱讀和做題
雅思閱讀考試文章來源于國外原版的期刊或雜志,話題覆蓋面廣,科技,自然,環(huán)保,社會,文化,工作,生物,地理等無不涉及,所以遇到生詞在情理之中。但一部分烤鴨遇到生詞后就信心全失,慌亂至極,打破了自己原有的閱讀節(jié)奏和速度,做題時也因為生詞被卡殼,結(jié)果題目不僅沒有解出,還影響了后面的做題速度和時間,可謂“一發(fā)動而遷全身”。對此,專家認為,生詞的出現(xiàn)在所難免,只要大家有基本的詞匯量,完全可以將生詞的問題逐一擊破。
A. 有時候生詞屬于比較專業(yè)的詞匯,它們的出現(xiàn)不是為了考察考生的詞匯量,更多的是檢閱大家的應變和判斷能力。尤其在題目中出現(xiàn)的所謂生詞,更是可以壞事變好事,成為考生定位答案的線索詞。
比如:在劍橋7 “Why pagodas don't fall down”一文,5-10題的分類題中第6題“tiles on eaves”,很可能考生在三個單詞中有兩個都不認識,這時候如何是好呢?首先,先觀察這兩個生詞的詞性。在介詞“on”的前后,且分別加了“s”, 可以判斷是名詞。在這篇建筑類的文章中論及我們不認識的名詞,想必不是日常詞匯,所以完全可以把“tiles”和“eaves”作為定位詞去原文尋找答案。
B. 有時候生詞的含義可以在上下文中直接得到。在閱讀文章時遇到的生詞,有相當一部分的含義可以通過多種猜測單詞的方法得到,所以,在生詞的周圍或上下文尋找其解釋不失為有效途徑。
例如,劍橋4的文章“How much higher? How much faster?”中,有這樣一個句子:“One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.” “biomechanics”這個單詞從構(gòu)詞法上看,我們只能夠知道其和生物有關,此時,看后面的同位語部分就能很好的幫我們解釋這個詞的意思,直接且易懂,即對身體在運動狀態(tài)下的研究。
失分點二:不能權(quán)衡做題的優(yōu)先性,無法把握做題時間
很多烤鴨在面對雅思閱讀考試時,都會感嘆時間不夠,有的考生會剩下半篇文章沒有讀完,更有甚者,一個小時只夠用來做兩篇文章。其中做題速度無法達到要求的原因有很多,詞匯量,閱讀方法,做題技巧無一不是。此外,還有一個很重要的因素:不會取舍,不會衡量做題的優(yōu)先性。專家提示,雅思閱讀3篇文章,存在難易程度的差別??忌鷳x擇自己擅長或熟悉的話題文章優(yōu)先做。而對一篇文章而言,做題順序可以如下排布:Heading題 ---- 填空型題(表格,圖示,簡答,summary, 完成句子) ---- 判斷題 ---- 選擇型題(單選,多選),平均每篇文章的做題時間控制在20min, 如時間到,還有少量題目(1-2題)沒有做完,可放寬少許時間完成。若還余留多題未完成,建議先舍棄,做下一篇文章,因為不排除下一篇文章,看似文章話題難,但題目容易的情況。難度系數(shù)高的題目在每個人面前都一樣,我們希望確保容易的題目百分百的拿下。
失分點三:對題目考點把握不清,不知如何確定keywords
很多考生在平時的練習和考場上面對劃keywords總是單一的跟著感覺走,或是將一道題目中大部分的詞都劃下來作為keywords, 完全失了方向和重點,直接導致答案很難在原文鎖定。所以,keywords是對題目的濃縮,也是題目的線索詞,更是考點。考生們應該在平時的課堂和練習中,多加總結(jié)考點詞的特點,以達到用一到兩個詞就涵蓋整個題目的效果。利用keywords定位答案,更集中目標,更有方向性。
例如:在劍橋7,“Why pagodas don't fall down”的分類題中,“size of eaves up to half width of the building”, 這道題目看似比較長,信息多,其實如果了解數(shù)字是一個考點,就能果斷劃出half這個keywords, 并且根據(jù)做題經(jīng)驗,預測到其在原文必定會變換形式成fifty percent。如果在原文尋找答案前就把握了以上這些,找起來自然速度快了許多。
無論考試還是練習,錯誤在所難免,失分也是情理之中,但如果我們能從失分點中獲得經(jīng)驗和新的認知,失分點會驟變?yōu)閮?yōu)勢。閱讀的提高不僅僅是話題單詞的記憶,題型技巧的掌握,如果能從錯誤中學習總結(jié),相信會更加有效。
雅思考試閱讀材料:名人的廣告效應
下面是一篇關于環(huán)境類的雅思閱讀材料,這篇雅思閱讀材料的主要內(nèi)容是名人的廣告效應以及相關的介紹。下面是詳細內(nèi)容,供大家參考,希望給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>
Celebrity Endorsements: An Examination of Gender and Consumers’ Attitudes
Celebrity endorsements have long been used as a source of marketing messages to promote a wide variety of products and services. Companies have been spending huge amounts of money to have athletes and other celebrities endorse both sports and non-sports products. Celebrity images can be found in print, radio, and approximately 20 percent of all television commercials (Boyd and Shank 2004). Within a relatively short time, the amount of money spent on athletes in advertising has skyrocketed. In 1986, companies paid approximately $100 million for endorsements, licensing rights, and advertising (Peetz, Parks, and Spencer 2004). Ten years later, that amount had risen to more than $1 billion, as athlete endorsement expenditures have hovered around $1 billion dollars annually for the past ten years (Peetz, Parks, and Spencer 2004).
The actions of athletic products manufacturer Nike underscores the nature of spending on athlete endorsements. During an eight-month period in 2004, Nike invested $192 million in endorsement deals with National Basketball Association (NBA) rookies Lebron James ($90 million) and Carmello Anthony ($15 million); NBA star Kobe Bryant ($45 million); tennis star Serena Williams ($40 million); 14-year old U.S. soccer talent Freddy Adu ($1 million); and Canadian world champion hurdler Perdita Felicien ($1 million). These were deals within an eight-month timeframe and did not take into account existing deals with golfer Tiger Woods, National Football League player Michael Vick (currently serving a prison sentence and suspended by the NFL), Major League Baseball’s Derek Jeter, track’s Marion Jones (another athlete who recently admitted to drug use and had her 2000 Olympic medals stripped), and soccer’s Mia Hamm (Thomaselli 2004).
As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising, much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples, see Bailey 2007; Biswas, Biswas, and Das 2006; Thomson 2006). The studies have explored a number of issues related to such factors as the relative effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in advertising, the factors that impact consumer response to celebrity endorsers, and, more recently, the consequences of negative information or publicity surrounding a celebrity endorser (for example, Bailey 2007; Louie and Obermiller 2002; Silvera and Austad 2004; Till and Shimp 1998). The introductory quote from Peetz, Parks, and Spencer (2004) encapsulates the reasons that marketers have been using celebrities as endorsers, while Jones and Schumann (2000) underscore that there is a high price tag attached to this endeavor.
Although the use of athletes as endorsers and the amount of money spent on these endorsers is increasing, there still remains much to be learned about how consumers perceive athlete endorsers and the variables that influence endorser effectiveness. More specifically, we know little about the impact of gender—both gender of the consumer and gender of the endorser—on consumers’ attitudes and perceptions. The study seeks to determine whether the gender of the consumer who is exposed to a celebrity endorsement will impact how that consumer views a male or female celebrity endorser. The paper is organized as follows: First, background information on celebrity endorsement is presented and testable hypotheses are developed. We then provide details of an experimental study that was undertaken to test these hypotheses. The results of the experiment are presented and these findings are discussed. Finally, the study’s limitations are highlighted and avenues for future research are suggested.
【熱點話題】 根據(jù)上述報道,由于名人效應,所以很多公司把名人代言廣告作為公司打入市場的主要渠道,同時也不惜在名人廣告費上花大手筆。本篇文章通過引證其他學者的調(diào)查研究來陳述在近些年各個公司和品牌在名人代言上的動態(tài)和花費。朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認為,這類話題是近兩年雅思閱讀和寫作比較熱門的話題,希望大家多多予以關注。此外,像這類的學術(shù)類文章一般多會出人名-觀點搭配和多選題。
【難句詞匯】 雅思考生的閱讀難點之一就是詞匯量和句型的掌握程度的不同,如果學生的詞匯量不足,那么文章將看不懂,我們從上文中就可以學到很多的句型和詞匯。
As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising, much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples, see Bailey 2007; Biswas, Biswas, and Das 2006; Thomson 2006).
從行文架構(gòu)來說,本篇文章引證了多位專家的發(fā)現(xiàn)和觀點,這在學術(shù)類閱讀中也是比較常見的。事實上,任何一篇能編排出人名-觀點型Matching題目的雅思閱讀文章,都可以被看作這篇文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上的翻版??紤]到人名-觀點型Matching本身又是雅思閱讀高頻題型之一,本文的借鑒意義更加明顯。
【真題預測】 根據(jù)剛才關于celebrity advertising的原版文章,我們來練習一下雅思閱讀的??碱}型之—— 人名-觀點搭配題:
Look at the following statements (Questions 1-3) and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher(s), A-D.
Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
NB. You may use any letter more than once.
1. The causes that many large corporations have been employing some famous people in society to advertise their products were quoted in the introductory part.
2. There can be many famous people's images in a range of media like radios or television.
3. The top-ranking sportsmen endorsement expenditures have been constantly soared to over $1 billion during the past decade.
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雅思A類閱讀備考攻略




